The 21st century ＂Maritime Silk Road＂ strategy is a significant part of the belt and road initiatives of China. The cognition and investigation of ocean environment is essential and necessary in these regions which ...The 21st century ＂Maritime Silk Road＂ strategy is a significant part of the belt and road initiatives of China. The cognition and investigation of ocean environment is essential and necessary in these regions which will provide scientific reference for many fields such as navigation, ocean engineering, and disaster prevent and reduction. A high-resolution cross-calibrated multi-platform wind product is used to analyze gales over the Maritime Silk Road. The yearly mean speed and space distribution of gale, and the frequencies and trends of gale and extreme wind speed are analyzed. The results show that relatively high pools of gale are mainly located in the waters of the Arabian Sea, the Somali Sea, Indo-China Peninsula sea area, and Bay of Bengal in the summer. The gale frequency of the Somali Sea is more than 90%. Overall, the gale days increase year by year in the majority of the South China Sea and the northern Indian Ocean, especially in the autumn and the winter.展开更多
Time series of sea surface temperature (SST),wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) from meteorological buoys of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) are useful for studying the interannual variability and trend...Time series of sea surface temperature (SST),wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) from meteorological buoys of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) are useful for studying the interannual variability and trend of these quantities at the buoy areas. The measurements from 4 buoys (B51001,B51002,B51003 and B51004) in the Hawaii area are used to study the responses of the quantities to EI Ni?o and Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Long-term averages of these data reflect precise seasonal and climatological characteristics of SST,wind speed and SWH around the Hawaii area. Buoy observations from B51001 suggest a significant warming trend which is,however,not very clear from the other three buoys. Compared with the variability of SST and SWH,the wind speeds from the buoy observations show an increasing trend. The impacts of EI Nio on SST and wind waves are also shown. Sea level data observed by altimeter during October 1992 to September 2006 are analyzed to investigate the variability of sea level in the Hawaii area. The results also show an increasing trend in sea level anomaly (SLA). The low-passed SLA in the Hawaii area is consistent with the inverse phase of the low-passed SOI (Southern Oscillation Index). Compared with the low-passed SOI and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation),the low-passed PNA (Pacific-North America Index) has a better correlation with the low-passed SLA in the Hawaii area.展开更多
Using the small-slope approximation model of microwave emission of rough sea surface, the impacts of sea surface wind on brightness tem- perature variations generated by the surface rough- ness, i.e. ?Th,v, are invest...Using the small-slope approximation model of microwave emission of rough sea surface, the impacts of sea surface wind on brightness tem- perature variations generated by the surface rough- ness, i.e. ?Th,v, are investigated. Here ?T denotes the brightness temperature variation, and “h” and “v” denote the horizontal and vertical polarizations re- spectively. ?Th,v has a linear relation with wind speed, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface sa- linity (SSS) respectively. Further more, the impact of wind direction on SSS retrieval, under small inci- dence angles, can be removed by calculating (?Th+?Tv). These characteristics provide simple new ways to develop an SSS retrieval algorithm without wind direction factor.展开更多
Background Farnesoid X receptor （FXR） regulates tumorigenesis, but its clinical significance in gallbladder cancer （GBC） remains unclear. This study investigated its clinical and prognostic significance in GBC pat...Background Farnesoid X receptor （FXR） regulates tumorigenesis, but its clinical significance in gallbladder cancer （GBC） remains unclear. This study investigated its clinical and prognostic significance in GBC patients, as well as its association with the anti-apoptotic protein, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 （MCL1） protein. Methods FXR and MCL1 expression in 42 primary GBC and 15 normal gallbladder tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The patients and samples were collected from Ren Ji Hospital from January 2005 to December 2010. Their association with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis, as well as the correlation between FXR and MCL1 protein expression were analyzed by statistical analyses. Results Compared with normal gallbladder tissues, FXR expression was decreased and MCL1 expression was increased in GBC, during progression of tumor node metastasis （TNM） stage. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that FXR low-expression and MCL1 over-expression were significantly associated with overall poor survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that FXR and MCL1 are both prognostic factors for GBC patients. FXR low-expression was significantly correlated with MCL1 over-expression. Conclusion FXR might be a new molecular marker to predict the prognosis of patients with GBC and a novel therapeutic target. Chin Med J 2014;127 （14）： 2637-2642展开更多
A new simple two-scale model on the polarimetric microwave emission of ocean surface is derived at first, which can be ex-pressed as an integral of weighting functions (M0 and M2) and ocean surface curvature spectrum ...A new simple two-scale model on the polarimetric microwave emission of ocean surface is derived at first, which can be ex-pressed as an integral of weighting functions (M0 and M2) and ocean surface curvature spectrum coefficients (C0 and C2). This provides a simple way to investigate the effect of curvature spectrum on ocean emission. It is found that ocean waves with wavelengths both comparable to and much greater than the electromagnetic wavelength can contribute to the harmonics of ocean surface microwave emission, depending on the magnitude of the ocean surface spectrum in these length scales. Bright-ness temperature predictions differ significantly due to present diverse spectrum models, and thus a study on wave spectrum obtained inversely from brightness temperature measurements is necessary. From the ocean surface radiation data measured by polarimetric microwave radiometer, we derived an ocean wave spectrum with a wider wave number range, using the proposed two-scale model and constrained linear least-squares method. The derived ocean wave spectrum is useful for comparing with present diverse models.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 61501433 and Grant 412760
文摘The 21st century ＂Maritime Silk Road＂ strategy is a significant part of the belt and road initiatives of China. The cognition and investigation of ocean environment is essential and necessary in these regions which will provide scientific reference for many fields such as navigation, ocean engineering, and disaster prevent and reduction. A high-resolution cross-calibrated multi-platform wind product is used to analyze gales over the Maritime Silk Road. The yearly mean speed and space distribution of gale, and the frequencies and trends of gale and extreme wind speed are analyzed. The results show that relatively high pools of gale are mainly located in the waters of the Arabian Sea, the Somali Sea, Indo-China Peninsula sea area, and Bay of Bengal in the summer. The gale frequency of the Somali Sea is more than 90%. Overall, the gale days increase year by year in the majority of the South China Sea and the northern Indian Ocean, especially in the autumn and the winter.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 973-2007CB411807National High Technology Development Project under Grant No 863-2006AA09Z140+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project under Grant No 2008041345the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Doctoral of Institute of Meteorology,PLA University of Science and Technology
文摘Time series of sea surface temperature (SST),wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) from meteorological buoys of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) are useful for studying the interannual variability and trend of these quantities at the buoy areas. The measurements from 4 buoys (B51001,B51002,B51003 and B51004) in the Hawaii area are used to study the responses of the quantities to EI Ni?o and Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Long-term averages of these data reflect precise seasonal and climatological characteristics of SST,wind speed and SWH around the Hawaii area. Buoy observations from B51001 suggest a significant warming trend which is,however,not very clear from the other three buoys. Compared with the variability of SST and SWH,the wind speeds from the buoy observations show an increasing trend. The impacts of EI Nio on SST and wind waves are also shown. Sea level data observed by altimeter during October 1992 to September 2006 are analyzed to investigate the variability of sea level in the Hawaii area. The results also show an increasing trend in sea level anomaly (SLA). The low-passed SLA in the Hawaii area is consistent with the inverse phase of the low-passed SOI (Southern Oscillation Index). Compared with the low-passed SOI and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation),the low-passed PNA (Pacific-North America Index) has a better correlation with the low-passed SLA in the Hawaii area.
文摘Using the small-slope approximation model of microwave emission of rough sea surface, the impacts of sea surface wind on brightness tem- perature variations generated by the surface rough- ness, i.e. ?Th,v, are investigated. Here ?T denotes the brightness temperature variation, and “h” and “v” denote the horizontal and vertical polarizations re- spectively. ?Th,v has a linear relation with wind speed, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface sa- linity (SSS) respectively. Further more, the impact of wind direction on SSS retrieval, under small inci- dence angles, can be removed by calculating (?Th+?Tv). These characteristics provide simple new ways to develop an SSS retrieval algorithm without wind direction factor.
文摘Background Farnesoid X receptor （FXR） regulates tumorigenesis, but its clinical significance in gallbladder cancer （GBC） remains unclear. This study investigated its clinical and prognostic significance in GBC patients, as well as its association with the anti-apoptotic protein, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 （MCL1） protein. Methods FXR and MCL1 expression in 42 primary GBC and 15 normal gallbladder tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The patients and samples were collected from Ren Ji Hospital from January 2005 to December 2010. Their association with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis, as well as the correlation between FXR and MCL1 protein expression were analyzed by statistical analyses. Results Compared with normal gallbladder tissues, FXR expression was decreased and MCL1 expression was increased in GBC, during progression of tumor node metastasis （TNM） stage. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that FXR low-expression and MCL1 over-expression were significantly associated with overall poor survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that FXR and MCL1 are both prognostic factors for GBC patients. FXR low-expression was significantly correlated with MCL1 over-expression. Conclusion FXR might be a new molecular marker to predict the prognosis of patients with GBC and a novel therapeutic target. Chin Med J 2014;127 （14）： 2637-2642
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20070420070)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Spe-cially Funded Project and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 973-2007CB411807)
文摘A new simple two-scale model on the polarimetric microwave emission of ocean surface is derived at first, which can be ex-pressed as an integral of weighting functions (M0 and M2) and ocean surface curvature spectrum coefficients (C0 and C2). This provides a simple way to investigate the effect of curvature spectrum on ocean emission. It is found that ocean waves with wavelengths both comparable to and much greater than the electromagnetic wavelength can contribute to the harmonics of ocean surface microwave emission, depending on the magnitude of the ocean surface spectrum in these length scales. Bright-ness temperature predictions differ significantly due to present diverse spectrum models, and thus a study on wave spectrum obtained inversely from brightness temperature measurements is necessary. From the ocean surface radiation data measured by polarimetric microwave radiometer, we derived an ocean wave spectrum with a wider wave number range, using the proposed two-scale model and constrained linear least-squares method. The derived ocean wave spectrum is useful for comparing with present diverse models.
