温度和DO对MBBR系统硝化和反硝化的影响

在缺氧/好氧/好氧串联运行的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)系统中考察了温度和好氧反应器中溶解氧(DO)水平对生物膜硝化和反硝化过程氮素去除的影响,并通过高通量测序技术探究温度和DO的变化造成的MBBR系统中脱氮功能菌群结构的差异,从而在微观水平解释硝化和反硝化受温度和DO影响的生物学机理.结果表明,系统温度的升高可以同时强化生物膜硝化和反硝化过程,且好氧反应器中DO水平的提高对硝化过程有利,从而提高系统的脱氮效果.本研究中,在系统连续运行阶段,当系统温度和好氧O_1反应器的DO浓度为本研究范围内的最高水平时(即温度=20～22oC、DO=5～8mg O_2/L),比硝化负荷可达1.60g NH_4^+-N/(m^2·d)以上,而相同温度范围内比反硝化负荷可高达2.84g NO_3^--N/(m^2·d),从而使MBBR系统在该工况条件下获得了最佳的NH_4^+-N和TN去除率(分别达到了98.7%和85.7%).温度和DO影响硝化和反硝化的根本原因是温度和DO变化引起了脱氮功能菌群数量和群落结构的改变:当好氧反应器的DO水平下降时,硝化功能细菌的OTUs比例显著降低,尤其是异养硝化细菌的生长受到了严重的抑制;而温度的变化对反硝化细菌的影响主要体现在群落结构的变化.

Geological Environmental Adaptability of Qingdao Rural Urbanization Based on Fuzzy Mathematical Method

Fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the geological environment suitability of rural urbanization in Qingdao City,China.A total of 5 first-level evaluation factors are selected,including environmental geological condition,geological resources,engineering geological condition,geological disaster and environmental geological problem,and human engineering activity.And there are 27 second-level evaluation factors,such as topography,land type and vegetation,nature reserve,water source protection area,groundwater quality division,and major engineering project.Qingdao City is divided into four districts of suitable area,relatively suitable area,moderately suitable area and relatively unsuitable area of ecological environment.And their characteristics are introduced.Suggestions for the developing direction of urban construction are put forward.Region of Laoshan District lying to the west of the Shilaoren is suitable to set up high-rise building;west Hongshiya may establish a waste landfill site;Jiaozhou Bay,the downstream of Dagu River,and Jihongtan Reservoir should be built as the key geological environment protection area and water source protection area.And the north Hongdao should be strictly monitored in order to control the expansion of urban construction to Jihongtan Reservoir.Mocheng District and the area north of it,Jiaozhou District and the area east of it are the ideal urban construction development areas in Qingdao City in the future.

低温条件下复合铁酶促对活性污泥系统脱氮除磷效果的影响

为解决低温条件下活性污泥系统普遍存在的生化反应速率低的问题,在倒置A^2/O工艺中考察了低温条件下复合铁酶促对活性污泥脱氮除磷效果的影响,探究了系统中的氮磷转化规律。研究表明:与普通活性污泥系统相比,复合铁酶促活性污泥系统表现出更好的低温适应能力,脱氮除磷效果更佳,运行更为稳定;当温度为8℃时,普通活性污泥系统的氨氮平均去除率仅为31.4%,而复合铁酶促活性污泥系统的氨氮去除率仍然可以维持在72.0%左右;通过投加碳源可以显著提高磷酸盐的去除率,复合铁酶促活性污泥系统和普通活性污泥系统磷酸盐去除率分别为97.5%和89.0%,在低温条件下,复合铁酶促活性污泥系统的比硝化速率是普通活性污泥系统的1.6倍,但其厌氧释磷量和好氧吸磷量均较低。复合铁酶作用可有效改善活性污泥系统在低温环境的脱氮除磷效果。