Objective: To evaluate various types of samples from the different marine environments as sources of actinomycetes from the Yalujiang coastal wetland, North China, and to screen their antimicrobial properties. Further...Objective: To evaluate various types of samples from the different marine environments as sources of actinomycetes from the Yalujiang coastal wetland, North China, and to screen their antimicrobial properties. Further, the identified actinomycetes were characterized based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics.Methods: Eight different production media were used to isolate actinomycets from different stations of marine soil sediments in Yalujiang coastal wetland and the genotypic positions were established by 16 S r DNA.Results: A total of 172 actinomycetal isolates were obtained from 13 samples using five media. The most effective culture media in the isolation of actinobacteria were Gause's Synthetic agar and Starch-casein agar. Among 172 isolates, 46 isolates(26.74%) showed antibacterial activity, 70.93% belonged to the genus Streptomyces, others were Micromonospora spp. and Rhodococcus spp. Out of the 46 isolates, two cultures were further supported by morphological characterization analysis.Conclusions: This is the first report about actinomycetes isolated from Yalujiang coastal wetland and it seems that the promising isolates from the unusual/unexplored wetland may prove to be an important step in the development of microbial natural product research.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Cariostat caries activity test(CAT)was used to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized oral hygiene management combining oral health education and professional mechanical tooth cleaning on the oral h...BACKGROUND The Cariostat caries activity test(CAT)was used to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized oral hygiene management combining oral health education and professional mechanical tooth cleaning on the oral health status of pregnant women.AIM To investigate whether personalized oral hygiene management enhances the oral health status of pregnant women.METHODS A total of 114 pregnant women who were examined at Dalian Women’s and Children’s Medical Center were divided into four groups:High-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≥2;received personalized oral hygiene management training),low-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≤1;received oral health education),high-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≥2),and low-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≤1).No hygiene intervention was provided to control groups.CAT scores at different times were compared using independent samples t-test and least significant difference t-test.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline CAT scores was observed between the experimental and control groups,either in the high-risk or low-risk groups.CAT scores were reduced significantly after 3(1.74±0.47 vs 2.50±0.38,P<0.0001)and 6 months(0.53±0.50 vs 2.45±0.42,P<0.0001)of personalized oral hygiene management intervention but not after oral health education alone(0.43±0.39 vs 0.46±0.33,P>0.05 and 0.45±0.36 vs 0.57±0.32,P>0.05,respectively).Within groups,the decrease in CAT scores was significant(2.43±0.44 vs 1.74±0.47 vs 0.53±0.50,P<0.0001)for only the high-risk experimental group.CONCLUSION Personalized oral hygiene management is effective in improving the oral health of pregnant women and can improve pregnancy outcomes and the oral health of the general population.展开更多
An analytical method was developed using a solid phase extraction （SPE） cleanup and gas chromatography for detecting the residues of difenoconazole in Chinese cabbage and soil. The recovery and the relative standard...An analytical method was developed using a solid phase extraction （SPE） cleanup and gas chromatography for detecting the residues of difenoconazole in Chinese cabbage and soil. The recovery and the relative standard deviation of this method in Chinese cabbage was 87.6-99.0%, 1.71-10.50%, respectively; in soil was 92.4-95.5%, 4.93-10.70%, respectively. Further degradation of difenoconazole residue in Chinese cabbage and soil was studied to evaluate residue behavior and environmental safety of difenoconazole. Degradation rate of difenoconazole in both Chinese cabbage and soil followed the first order kinetics with the half-lives of 6.6-7.8 and 54.2-55.0 days, respectively.展开更多
When a body consists completely or even partly of viscoelastic materials, its response under static loading will be time-dependent. The adhesives used to glue together single plies in laminates usually exhibit a certa...When a body consists completely or even partly of viscoelastic materials, its response under static loading will be time-dependent. The adhesives used to glue together single plies in laminates usually exhibit a certain viscoelastic characteristic in a high temperature environment. In this paper, a laminated orthotropic rectangular plate with viscoelastic interfaces, described by the Kelvin-Voigt model, is considered. A power series expansion technique is adopted to approximate the time-variation of various field quantities. Results indicate that the response of the laminated plate with viscoelastic interfaces changes remarkably with time, and is much different from that of a plate with spring-like or viscous interfaces.展开更多
Sugar from plant photosynthesis is a basic requirement for life activities.Sugar transporters are the proteins that mediate sugar allocation among or within source/sink organs.The transporters of the major facilitator...Sugar from plant photosynthesis is a basic requirement for life activities.Sugar transporters are the proteins that mediate sugar allocation among or within source/sink organs.The transporters of the major facilitator superfamily(MFS)targeting carbohydrates represent the largest family of sugar transporters in many plants.Strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne)is an important crop appreciated worldwide for its unique fruit flavor.The involvement of MFS sugar transporters(STs)in cultivated strawberry fruit sugar accumulation is largely unknown.In this work,we characterized the genetic variation associated with fruit soluble sugars in a collection including 154 varieties.Then,a total of 67 ST genes were identified in the v4.0 genome integrated with the v4.0.a2 protein database of F.vesca,the dominant subgenome provider for modern cultivated strawberry.Phylogenetic analysis updated the nomenclature of strawberry ST homoeologs.Both the chromosomal distribution and structural characteristics of the ST family were improved.Semi-RT-PCR analysis in nine tissues from cv.Benihoppe screened 34 highly expressed ST genes in fruits.In three varieties with dramatically differing fruit sugar levels,qPCR integrated with correlation analysis between ST transcript abundance and sugar content identified 13 sugar-correlated genes.The correlations were re-evaluated across 19 varieties,including major commercial cultivars grown in China.Finally,a model of the contribution of the sugar transporter system to subcellular sugar allocation in strawberry fruits was proposed.Our work highlights the involvement of STs in controlling strawberry fruit soluble sugars and provides candidates for the future functional study of STs in strawberry development and responses and a new approach for strawberry genetic engineering and molecular breeding.展开更多
Intrauterine infection is an important cause of some birth defects worldwide. The most common pathogens include rubella virus, cytomegaloviurs, ureaplasma urealyticum, toxoplasma, etc. General information about these ...Intrauterine infection is an important cause of some birth defects worldwide. The most common pathogens include rubella virus, cytomegaloviurs, ureaplasma urealyticum, toxoplasma, etc. General information about these pathogens in epidemiology, consequence of birth defects, and the possible mechanisms in the progress of birth defects, and the interventions to prevent or treat these pathogens?infections are described. The infections caused by rubella virus, cytomegaloviurs, ureaplasma urealyticum, toxoplasma, etc. are common, yet they are proved to be fatal during the pregnant period, especially during the first trimester. These infections may cause sterility, abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, and affect multiple organs that may induce loss of hearing and vision, even fetal deformity and the long-term effects. These pathogens?infections may influence the microenvironment of placenta, including levels of enzymes and cytokines, and affect chondriosome that may induce the progress of birth defect. Early diagnosis of infections during pregnancy should be strengthened. There are still many things to be settled, such as the molecular mechanisms of birth defects, the effective vaccines to certain pathogens. Birth defect researches in terms of etiology and the development of applicable and sensitive pathogen detection technology and methods are imperative.展开更多
The problem of low disposal and utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste needs to be solved.In this paper,a high-activity admixture composed of steel slag-phosphate slag-limestone powder was proposed for most o...The problem of low disposal and utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste needs to be solved.In this paper,a high-activity admixture composed of steel slag-phosphate slag-limestone powder was proposed for most of the solid waste with low activity and a negative impact on concrete workability,combining the characteristics of each solid waste.The paper demonstrates the feasibility and explains the principle of the composite system in terms of water requirement of standard consistency,setting time,workability,and mechanical properties,combined with the composition of the phases,hydration temperature,and microscopic morphology.The results showed that the steel slag:phosphate slag:limestone=5:2:3 gave the highest activity of the composite system,over 92%.Besides,the composite system had no significant effect on water demand and setting time compared to cement,and it could significantly increase the 7 and 28 d activity of the system.The composite system delayed the exothermic hydration of the cement and reduced the exothermic heat but had no effect on the hydration products.Therefore,the research in this paper dramatically improved the solid waste dissipation in concrete,reduced the amount of cement in concrete and positively responded to the national slogan of carbon neutral and peaking.展开更多
Background：Studies in developed countries reveal that poor lifestyle choices triggering diseases typically cluster among children.However,there is insufficient evidence on the clustering of risk behaviors among child...Background：Studies in developed countries reveal that poor lifestyle choices triggering diseases typically cluster among children.However,there is insufficient evidence on the clustering of risk behaviors among children in developing countries.This study aimed to determine the clustering of risk behaviors and their social determinants among 4th-and 5th-grade learners in Beijing,China.Methods：The sample comprised of 967 learners from six primary schools enrolled migrant and resident learners by two-stage stratified cluster sampling.Prevalence denoted the risk behaviors and their clustering.A log-linear model was used to explore the clustering patterns.Ordinal logistic regression determined the influence of demographic characteristics,school environment,and family context on behavioral clustering.Results：The prevalence of none,one,two,and three or more risk factors was 61.2%,20.0%,10.8%,and 8.1% for infectious diseases and 46.0%,30.6%,15.4%,and 8.0% for chronic diseases,respectively.Some behaviors appeared dependent and were more likely to be observed together.The three most influential factors for infectious diseases were school type （odds ratio [OR] =4.47,95% confidence interval [CI] 3.00-6.66）,school located in an inner suburb （OR =0.27,95% CI 0.18-0.38）,and gender （OR =0.56,95% CI 0.42-0.74）.Regarding risk behaviors for chronic diseases,clustering was not associated with household registration status and number of appliances,but was significantly associated with school type （OR =5.36,95% CI 3.72-7.73）,school located in an inner suburb （OR =0.59,95% CI 0.43-0.81）,and gender （OR =0.61,95% CI 0.47-0.78）.School environment variables were the most significant contributor to the number of risk behaviors.Conclusions：The characteristics of schools enrolling migrants and residents influenced the number of risk behaviors.Therefore,improved school conditions and integrated behavioral interventions are particularly recommended for health promotion.展开更多
Along with the improvement of social productivity and living standard,residential buildings generate a growing portion of carbon emissions,especially during the operation stage.However,energy use behaviors are usually...Along with the improvement of social productivity and living standard,residential buildings generate a growing portion of carbon emissions,especially during the operation stage.However,energy use behaviors are usually ignored in carbon emission calculation.This study focuses on calculating carbon emissions during the operation stage for residential buildings based on the characteristics of energy use behaviors in different regions.Firstly,we investigated energy use behaviors in dwellings across three cities in China:Xi'an,Shanghai and Fuzhou.Then,we established calibrated carbon emission models and optimization models with different green building measures for residential buildings.The results of this research reveal a significant disparity between the energy usage habits of residents in different climate regions.The carbon emissions of residential electricity bills in Xi'an,Shanghai and Fuzhou are 13.6 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)(excluding central heating),29.3 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)and 17.2 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a),respectively.Equipment carbon emissions account for 32.2%-64.1% of the total.In comparison to the model based on internal standard setting,the accuracy of the models using actual internal has improved by 25.9%-37.4%.The three-star green building methods have the highest carbon reduction rate among different star buildings,the emission reduction rates are around 30%.This study's findings are useful for carbon emission calculation and green building design of residential buildings in the future.展开更多
Background Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis(CAPNON)is indeed a rare central nervous system lesion that can occur in central nervous system(CNS).Due to its infrequency and limited literature reports,it is chal...Background Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis(CAPNON)is indeed a rare central nervous system lesion that can occur in central nervous system(CNS).Due to its infrequency and limited literature reports,it is challenging to diagnose and manage CAPNON.Case presentation In this intriguing study,we embarked on a quest to uncover the story of a 16-year-old girl who experienced bothersome headaches.Through advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),we glimpsed a delicate calcified growth within the lateral ventricles’posterior horn.Motivated by our unwavering commitment to solving mysteries,we embarked on a surgical journey that not only freed the young patient from her ailment but also shed light on the true nature of her puzzling adversary—a remarkable CAPNON.Conclusions For patients with CAPNON who have multiple or non-respectable lesions,the primary goal is to alleviate symptoms.After alleviating the symptoms with partial resection,close monitoring of any residual lesions is essential.If there is no evidence for disease progression,a strategy of continued close observation is appropriate.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?The proportion of elderly living alone in China is approximately 10%.Living away from family poses enormous challenges for older adults.What is added by this report?Compared to t...What is already known about this topic?The proportion of elderly living alone in China is approximately 10%.Living away from family poses enormous challenges for older adults.What is added by this report?Compared to those living with family,elderly individuals living alone exhibit a lower registration rate with general practitioners and have less social support.What are the implications for public health practice?While the current health service system for elderly people living alone is working relatively well,there is a need for additional programs to enhance social support and improve their social well-being.展开更多
Background:Nicotine dependence,also known as tobacco dependence,is a common chronic disease and a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases.The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of nicoti...Background:Nicotine dependence,also known as tobacco dependence,is a common chronic disease and a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases.The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of nicotine dependence and its changes among smokers aged 40 years and older in China,to analyze the characteristics of nicotine dependence among smokers,and to provide a reference for smoking cessation interventions.Methods:The data were sourced from nationally representative large-sample surveys conducted during 2014-2015 and 2019-2020 in the Chinese population,covering 125 counties(districts)in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities.Variables related to smoking and nicotine dependence among residents≥40 years old were collected in face-to-face interviews.A total of 20,062 and 18,975 daily smokers were included in the 2014-2015 and 2019-2020 surveys,respectively.The severity of nicotine dependence was evaluated according to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and Heaviness of Smoking Index.The level and change in nicotine dependence among daily smokers aged≥40 years were estimated using a complex weighted sampling design,and their influencing factors were analyzed.Results:Levels of nicotine dependence among daily smokers aged≥40 years in China could be divided into very low,low,medium,high,and very high,accounting for 31.1%,27.9%,13.4%,20.5%,and 7.1%of the total,respectively.The average Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score was 3.9(95%confidence interval[CI]:3.8-4.0),with the prevalence of medium-high nicotine dependence being 41.0%(95%CI:39.0-42.9%)and that of high and very high nicotine dependence being 27.6%(95%CI:26.0-29.3%),both of which were significantly higher in men than in women(both P<0.001).Among daily smokers,those with a low education level,age at smoking initiation<18 years,and with smoking duration of≥20 years had a higher degree of nicotine dependence.In terms of geographic region,the level of medium-high nicotine dependence in South China was higher than in other areas,and the decline in the prevalence of high nicotine dependence was the greatest in Northwest China(P<0.001).The prevalence of medium-high and high and very high nicotine dependence was significantly higher in men with chronic respiratory symptoms,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),and/or chronic respiratory diseases than in men without these conditions(all P<0.05).The prevalence of high and very high nicotine dependence in women with chronic respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases was significantly higher than that in women without these conditions(both P<0.05).Compared with that during 2014-2015,the prevalence of high nicotine dependence among daily smokers decreased during 2019-2020 by 4.5 percentage points in the total population(P<0.001)and by 4.8 percentage points in men(P<0.001),with no significant change seen in women(P>0.05).Additionally,the prevalence of high nicotine dependence in men with chronic respiratory symptoms and COPD decreased by 6.7 and 4.7 percentage points,respectively(P<0.05),but showed no significant change in women with these conditions(P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of medium-high nicotine dependence was higher among daily smokers who were male;50-59 years old;unmarried/divorced/widowed/separated;engaged in agriculture,forestry,husbandry,fishery and water conservancy;had a low education level;started smoking before the age of 18 years;and smoked for more than 20 years.Conclusions:The past few years have seen a slight decline in the prevalence of high(severe)nicotine depen-dence among smokers aged≥40 years in China.However,41.0%of daily smokers had medium-high nicotine dependence,and 27.6%had high or very high nicotine dependence,with notable differences in population and geographic distributions.Development of tailored interventions,optimization of smoking cessation service sys-tems,and integration of smoking cessation into the management of chronic diseases will effectively reduce the burden of nicotine dependence in China.展开更多
Building heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems consume large amounts of energy,and precise energy prediction is necessary for developing various energy-efficiency strategies.Energy prediction using dat...Building heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems consume large amounts of energy,and precise energy prediction is necessary for developing various energy-efficiency strategies.Energy prediction using data-driven models has received increasing attention in recent years.Typically,two types of driven models are used for building energy prediction:sequential and parallel predictive models.The latter uses the historical energy of the target building as training data to predict future energy consumption.However,for newly built buildings or buildings without historical data records,the energy can be estimated using the parallel model,which employs the energy data of similar buildings as training data.The second predictive model is seldom studied because the model input feature is difficult to identify and collect.Herein,we propose a novel key-variable-based parallel HVAC energy predictive model.This model has informative input features(including meteorological data,occupancy activity,and key variables representing building and system characteristics)and a simple architecture.A general key-variable screening toolkit which was more versatile and flexible than present parametric analysis tools was developed to facilitate the selection of key variables for the parallel HVAC energy predictive model.A case study is conducted to screen the key variables of hotel buildings in eastern China,based on which a parallel chiller energy predictive model is trained and tested.The average cross-test error measured in terms of the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error(CV-RMSE)and normalized mean bias error(NMBE)of the parallel chiller energy predictive model is approximately 16%and 8.3%,which is acceptable for energy prediction without using historical energy data of the target building.展开更多
As one of the most aggressive and lethal malignant tumors,the 5-year survival rate of oesophageal cancer is less than 20%.[1]There are two main pathological subtypes of esophageal cancer:esophageal squamous cell carci...As one of the most aggressive and lethal malignant tumors,the 5-year survival rate of oesophageal cancer is less than 20%.[1]There are two main pathological subtypes of esophageal cancer:esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma.[1]In China,more than 95%of esophageal cancer is ESCC.Encourag-ingly,cancer immunotherapy has entered a new era recently with the discovery of drugs that interfere with specific immune checkpoints.Moreover,due to the good effect of immunotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma,it may be a new strategy for ESCC treatment in the future.展开更多
基金Supported by the State Natural Sciences Foundation(No.31270057,No.21276047 and No.31070005)collaboration projects supported by Natural Science Foundation of China and Korea Research Foundation(No.31311140255 and No.2013K2A2A2000535)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DC201501020201)
文摘Objective: To evaluate various types of samples from the different marine environments as sources of actinomycetes from the Yalujiang coastal wetland, North China, and to screen their antimicrobial properties. Further, the identified actinomycetes were characterized based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics.Methods: Eight different production media were used to isolate actinomycets from different stations of marine soil sediments in Yalujiang coastal wetland and the genotypic positions were established by 16 S r DNA.Results: A total of 172 actinomycetal isolates were obtained from 13 samples using five media. The most effective culture media in the isolation of actinobacteria were Gause's Synthetic agar and Starch-casein agar. Among 172 isolates, 46 isolates(26.74%) showed antibacterial activity, 70.93% belonged to the genus Streptomyces, others were Micromonospora spp. and Rhodococcus spp. Out of the 46 isolates, two cultures were further supported by morphological characterization analysis.Conclusions: This is the first report about actinomycetes isolated from Yalujiang coastal wetland and it seems that the promising isolates from the unusual/unexplored wetland may prove to be an important step in the development of microbial natural product research.
基金Dalian Science and Technology Plan Project,No 2022080102.
文摘BACKGROUND The Cariostat caries activity test(CAT)was used to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized oral hygiene management combining oral health education and professional mechanical tooth cleaning on the oral health status of pregnant women.AIM To investigate whether personalized oral hygiene management enhances the oral health status of pregnant women.METHODS A total of 114 pregnant women who were examined at Dalian Women’s and Children’s Medical Center were divided into four groups:High-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≥2;received personalized oral hygiene management training),low-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≤1;received oral health education),high-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≥2),and low-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≤1).No hygiene intervention was provided to control groups.CAT scores at different times were compared using independent samples t-test and least significant difference t-test.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline CAT scores was observed between the experimental and control groups,either in the high-risk or low-risk groups.CAT scores were reduced significantly after 3(1.74±0.47 vs 2.50±0.38,P<0.0001)and 6 months(0.53±0.50 vs 2.45±0.42,P<0.0001)of personalized oral hygiene management intervention but not after oral health education alone(0.43±0.39 vs 0.46±0.33,P>0.05 and 0.45±0.36 vs 0.57±0.32,P>0.05,respectively).Within groups,the decrease in CAT scores was significant(2.43±0.44 vs 1.74±0.47 vs 0.53±0.50,P<0.0001)for only the high-risk experimental group.CONCLUSION Personalized oral hygiene management is effective in improving the oral health of pregnant women and can improve pregnancy outcomes and the oral health of the general population.
文摘An analytical method was developed using a solid phase extraction （SPE） cleanup and gas chromatography for detecting the residues of difenoconazole in Chinese cabbage and soil. The recovery and the relative standard deviation of this method in Chinese cabbage was 87.6-99.0%, 1.71-10.50%, respectively; in soil was 92.4-95.5%, 4.93-10.70%, respectively. Further degradation of difenoconazole residue in Chinese cabbage and soil was studied to evaluate residue behavior and environmental safety of difenoconazole. Degradation rate of difenoconazole in both Chinese cabbage and soil followed the first order kinetics with the half-lives of 6.6-7.8 and 54.2-55.0 days, respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10432030) and NCET.
文摘When a body consists completely or even partly of viscoelastic materials, its response under static loading will be time-dependent. The adhesives used to glue together single plies in laminates usually exhibit a certain viscoelastic characteristic in a high temperature environment. In this paper, a laminated orthotropic rectangular plate with viscoelastic interfaces, described by the Kelvin-Voigt model, is considered. A power series expansion technique is adopted to approximate the time-variation of various field quantities. Results indicate that the response of the laminated plate with viscoelastic interfaces changes remarkably with time, and is much different from that of a plate with spring-like or viscous interfaces.
基金funded by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Programs,China(Grant No.G2014070202 and No.G2019-02-08-00-08-F01108).
文摘Sugar from plant photosynthesis is a basic requirement for life activities.Sugar transporters are the proteins that mediate sugar allocation among or within source/sink organs.The transporters of the major facilitator superfamily(MFS)targeting carbohydrates represent the largest family of sugar transporters in many plants.Strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne)is an important crop appreciated worldwide for its unique fruit flavor.The involvement of MFS sugar transporters(STs)in cultivated strawberry fruit sugar accumulation is largely unknown.In this work,we characterized the genetic variation associated with fruit soluble sugars in a collection including 154 varieties.Then,a total of 67 ST genes were identified in the v4.0 genome integrated with the v4.0.a2 protein database of F.vesca,the dominant subgenome provider for modern cultivated strawberry.Phylogenetic analysis updated the nomenclature of strawberry ST homoeologs.Both the chromosomal distribution and structural characteristics of the ST family were improved.Semi-RT-PCR analysis in nine tissues from cv.Benihoppe screened 34 highly expressed ST genes in fruits.In three varieties with dramatically differing fruit sugar levels,qPCR integrated with correlation analysis between ST transcript abundance and sugar content identified 13 sugar-correlated genes.The correlations were re-evaluated across 19 varieties,including major commercial cultivars grown in China.Finally,a model of the contribution of the sugar transporter system to subcellular sugar allocation in strawberry fruits was proposed.Our work highlights the involvement of STs in controlling strawberry fruit soluble sugars and provides candidates for the future functional study of STs in strawberry development and responses and a new approach for strawberry genetic engineering and molecular breeding.
基金This work was supported by grants 2001CB5103 from the National "973" Programm of Ministry of Scientific and Technology of China 30025042, 30070790 from National Natural Science Foundation of China 02158, "985","211"projects of Ministry of Education and Peking University
文摘Intrauterine infection is an important cause of some birth defects worldwide. The most common pathogens include rubella virus, cytomegaloviurs, ureaplasma urealyticum, toxoplasma, etc. General information about these pathogens in epidemiology, consequence of birth defects, and the possible mechanisms in the progress of birth defects, and the interventions to prevent or treat these pathogens?infections are described. The infections caused by rubella virus, cytomegaloviurs, ureaplasma urealyticum, toxoplasma, etc. are common, yet they are proved to be fatal during the pregnant period, especially during the first trimester. These infections may cause sterility, abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, and affect multiple organs that may induce loss of hearing and vision, even fetal deformity and the long-term effects. These pathogens?infections may influence the microenvironment of placenta, including levels of enzymes and cytokines, and affect chondriosome that may induce the progress of birth defect. Early diagnosis of infections during pregnancy should be strengthened. There are still many things to be settled, such as the molecular mechanisms of birth defects, the effective vaccines to certain pathogens. Birth defect researches in terms of etiology and the development of applicable and sensitive pathogen detection technology and methods are imperative.
基金Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province(2019TSLGY05-04).
文摘The problem of low disposal and utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste needs to be solved.In this paper,a high-activity admixture composed of steel slag-phosphate slag-limestone powder was proposed for most of the solid waste with low activity and a negative impact on concrete workability,combining the characteristics of each solid waste.The paper demonstrates the feasibility and explains the principle of the composite system in terms of water requirement of standard consistency,setting time,workability,and mechanical properties,combined with the composition of the phases,hydration temperature,and microscopic morphology.The results showed that the steel slag:phosphate slag:limestone=5:2:3 gave the highest activity of the composite system,over 92%.Besides,the composite system had no significant effect on water demand and setting time compared to cement,and it could significantly increase the 7 and 28 d activity of the system.The composite system delayed the exothermic hydration of the cement and reduced the exothermic heat but had no effect on the hydration products.Therefore,the research in this paper dramatically improved the solid waste dissipation in concrete,reduced the amount of cement in concrete and positively responded to the national slogan of carbon neutral and peaking.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Social Science Foundation of China（No.11CGL080）.
文摘Background：Studies in developed countries reveal that poor lifestyle choices triggering diseases typically cluster among children.However,there is insufficient evidence on the clustering of risk behaviors among children in developing countries.This study aimed to determine the clustering of risk behaviors and their social determinants among 4th-and 5th-grade learners in Beijing,China.Methods：The sample comprised of 967 learners from six primary schools enrolled migrant and resident learners by two-stage stratified cluster sampling.Prevalence denoted the risk behaviors and their clustering.A log-linear model was used to explore the clustering patterns.Ordinal logistic regression determined the influence of demographic characteristics,school environment,and family context on behavioral clustering.Results：The prevalence of none,one,two,and three or more risk factors was 61.2%,20.0%,10.8%,and 8.1% for infectious diseases and 46.0%,30.6%,15.4%,and 8.0% for chronic diseases,respectively.Some behaviors appeared dependent and were more likely to be observed together.The three most influential factors for infectious diseases were school type （odds ratio [OR] =4.47,95% confidence interval [CI] 3.00-6.66）,school located in an inner suburb （OR =0.27,95% CI 0.18-0.38）,and gender （OR =0.56,95% CI 0.42-0.74）.Regarding risk behaviors for chronic diseases,clustering was not associated with household registration status and number of appliances,but was significantly associated with school type （OR =5.36,95% CI 3.72-7.73）,school located in an inner suburb （OR =0.59,95% CI 0.43-0.81）,and gender （OR =0.61,95% CI 0.47-0.78）.School environment variables were the most significant contributor to the number of risk behaviors.Conclusions：The characteristics of schools enrolling migrants and residents influenced the number of risk behaviors.Therefore,improved school conditions and integrated behavioral interventions are particularly recommended for health promotion.
基金funded by the Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51908006)supported by Beijing lemon tree green building technology CO.,LTD.
文摘Along with the improvement of social productivity and living standard,residential buildings generate a growing portion of carbon emissions,especially during the operation stage.However,energy use behaviors are usually ignored in carbon emission calculation.This study focuses on calculating carbon emissions during the operation stage for residential buildings based on the characteristics of energy use behaviors in different regions.Firstly,we investigated energy use behaviors in dwellings across three cities in China:Xi'an,Shanghai and Fuzhou.Then,we established calibrated carbon emission models and optimization models with different green building measures for residential buildings.The results of this research reveal a significant disparity between the energy usage habits of residents in different climate regions.The carbon emissions of residential electricity bills in Xi'an,Shanghai and Fuzhou are 13.6 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)(excluding central heating),29.3 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)and 17.2 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a),respectively.Equipment carbon emissions account for 32.2%-64.1% of the total.In comparison to the model based on internal standard setting,the accuracy of the models using actual internal has improved by 25.9%-37.4%.The three-star green building methods have the highest carbon reduction rate among different star buildings,the emission reduction rates are around 30%.This study's findings are useful for carbon emission calculation and green building design of residential buildings in the future.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging(grant number KFKT-2020-0002)the Joint Fund for Medical Artificial Intelligence(Grant Number MAI2022Q011)
文摘Background Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis(CAPNON)is indeed a rare central nervous system lesion that can occur in central nervous system(CNS).Due to its infrequency and limited literature reports,it is challenging to diagnose and manage CAPNON.Case presentation In this intriguing study,we embarked on a quest to uncover the story of a 16-year-old girl who experienced bothersome headaches.Through advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),we glimpsed a delicate calcified growth within the lateral ventricles’posterior horn.Motivated by our unwavering commitment to solving mysteries,we embarked on a surgical journey that not only freed the young patient from her ailment but also shed light on the true nature of her puzzling adversary—a remarkable CAPNON.Conclusions For patients with CAPNON who have multiple or non-respectable lesions,the primary goal is to alleviate symptoms.After alleviating the symptoms with partial resection,close monitoring of any residual lesions is essential.If there is no evidence for disease progression,a strategy of continued close observation is appropriate.
基金support from community health service centers in Xicheng and Daxing Districts,Beijingsupport from Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhejiang+1 种基金Provincial Patriotic Health and Health Promotion Center in JiangxiProvincial Health Education Center in Chongqing,Liaoning and Gansu.
文摘What is already known about this topic?The proportion of elderly living alone in China is approximately 10%.Living away from family poses enormous challenges for older adults.What is added by this report?Compared to those living with family,elderly individuals living alone exhibit a lower registration rate with general practitioners and have less social support.What are the implications for public health practice?While the current health service system for elderly people living alone is working relatively well,there is a need for additional programs to enhance social support and improve their social well-being.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(No.2016YFC1303905)the Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program.
文摘Background:Nicotine dependence,also known as tobacco dependence,is a common chronic disease and a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases.The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of nicotine dependence and its changes among smokers aged 40 years and older in China,to analyze the characteristics of nicotine dependence among smokers,and to provide a reference for smoking cessation interventions.Methods:The data were sourced from nationally representative large-sample surveys conducted during 2014-2015 and 2019-2020 in the Chinese population,covering 125 counties(districts)in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities.Variables related to smoking and nicotine dependence among residents≥40 years old were collected in face-to-face interviews.A total of 20,062 and 18,975 daily smokers were included in the 2014-2015 and 2019-2020 surveys,respectively.The severity of nicotine dependence was evaluated according to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and Heaviness of Smoking Index.The level and change in nicotine dependence among daily smokers aged≥40 years were estimated using a complex weighted sampling design,and their influencing factors were analyzed.Results:Levels of nicotine dependence among daily smokers aged≥40 years in China could be divided into very low,low,medium,high,and very high,accounting for 31.1%,27.9%,13.4%,20.5%,and 7.1%of the total,respectively.The average Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score was 3.9(95%confidence interval[CI]:3.8-4.0),with the prevalence of medium-high nicotine dependence being 41.0%(95%CI:39.0-42.9%)and that of high and very high nicotine dependence being 27.6%(95%CI:26.0-29.3%),both of which were significantly higher in men than in women(both P<0.001).Among daily smokers,those with a low education level,age at smoking initiation<18 years,and with smoking duration of≥20 years had a higher degree of nicotine dependence.In terms of geographic region,the level of medium-high nicotine dependence in South China was higher than in other areas,and the decline in the prevalence of high nicotine dependence was the greatest in Northwest China(P<0.001).The prevalence of medium-high and high and very high nicotine dependence was significantly higher in men with chronic respiratory symptoms,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),and/or chronic respiratory diseases than in men without these conditions(all P<0.05).The prevalence of high and very high nicotine dependence in women with chronic respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases was significantly higher than that in women without these conditions(both P<0.05).Compared with that during 2014-2015,the prevalence of high nicotine dependence among daily smokers decreased during 2019-2020 by 4.5 percentage points in the total population(P<0.001)and by 4.8 percentage points in men(P<0.001),with no significant change seen in women(P>0.05).Additionally,the prevalence of high nicotine dependence in men with chronic respiratory symptoms and COPD decreased by 6.7 and 4.7 percentage points,respectively(P<0.05),but showed no significant change in women with these conditions(P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of medium-high nicotine dependence was higher among daily smokers who were male;50-59 years old;unmarried/divorced/widowed/separated;engaged in agriculture,forestry,husbandry,fishery and water conservancy;had a low education level;started smoking before the age of 18 years;and smoked for more than 20 years.Conclusions:The past few years have seen a slight decline in the prevalence of high(severe)nicotine depen-dence among smokers aged≥40 years in China.However,41.0%of daily smokers had medium-high nicotine dependence,and 27.6%had high or very high nicotine dependence,with notable differences in population and geographic distributions.Development of tailored interventions,optimization of smoking cessation service sys-tems,and integration of smoking cessation into the management of chronic diseases will effectively reduce the burden of nicotine dependence in China.
基金This research is sponsored by China Southern Power Grid Technology Co.LTD(No.GDKJXM20200569).
文摘Building heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems consume large amounts of energy,and precise energy prediction is necessary for developing various energy-efficiency strategies.Energy prediction using data-driven models has received increasing attention in recent years.Typically,two types of driven models are used for building energy prediction:sequential and parallel predictive models.The latter uses the historical energy of the target building as training data to predict future energy consumption.However,for newly built buildings or buildings without historical data records,the energy can be estimated using the parallel model,which employs the energy data of similar buildings as training data.The second predictive model is seldom studied because the model input feature is difficult to identify and collect.Herein,we propose a novel key-variable-based parallel HVAC energy predictive model.This model has informative input features(including meteorological data,occupancy activity,and key variables representing building and system characteristics)and a simple architecture.A general key-variable screening toolkit which was more versatile and flexible than present parametric analysis tools was developed to facilitate the selection of key variables for the parallel HVAC energy predictive model.A case study is conducted to screen the key variables of hotel buildings in eastern China,based on which a parallel chiller energy predictive model is trained and tested.The average cross-test error measured in terms of the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error(CV-RMSE)and normalized mean bias error(NMBE)of the parallel chiller energy predictive model is approximately 16%and 8.3%,which is acceptable for energy prediction without using historical energy data of the target building.
基金the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1313105)the Institutional Fundamental Research Funds(No.2018PT32033).
文摘As one of the most aggressive and lethal malignant tumors,the 5-year survival rate of oesophageal cancer is less than 20%.[1]There are two main pathological subtypes of esophageal cancer:esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma.[1]In China,more than 95%of esophageal cancer is ESCC.Encourag-ingly,cancer immunotherapy has entered a new era recently with the discovery of drugs that interfere with specific immune checkpoints.Moreover,due to the good effect of immunotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma,it may be a new strategy for ESCC treatment in the future.
