探讨补脾强力复方干预亚甲减合并实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力大鼠下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺-胸腺轴功能损伤机制研究

目的探讨补脾强力复方对亚甲减合并实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力(experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis,EAMG)大鼠下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺-胸腺(HPTT)轴功能的修复作用,为补脾强力复方从神经-内分泌-免疫角度治疗重症肌无力及其共病寻找理论依据。方法实验通过甲巯咪唑灌胃45 d及含鼠源性AchR-sα亚基97-116肽段序列(R97-116)免疫乳剂皮下注射建立合并亚甲减的EAMG大鼠模型,随机分为模型组(M组)、泼尼松组(P组)、补脾强力复方低剂量组(LBD组)、补脾强力复方中剂量组(MBD组)、补脾强力复方高剂量组(HBD组),加上正常大鼠作为对照组(C组)。C组和M组灌胃等量0.9%氯化钠溶液,其余各组大鼠给予相应药物28 d,同时进行行为学观察后分别处死取血,通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测大鼠血清AchR-Ab、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离甲状腺素(fT4)含量及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)相关细胞因子含量。结果建模后各组大鼠体质量相对C组明显下降(P<0.01),给药后取材前M组大鼠较各治疗组体质量明显下降(P<0.01);与LBD组相比,HBD组、P组大鼠体质量明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后M组大鼠Lennon评分趋势进一步升高,LBD组、MBD组较给药前症状变化不明显,HBD组与P组Lennon评分降低。与M组相比,LBD组、MBD组、HBD组、P组大鼠血清AchR-Ab、TSH、TRH、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-17均下降,TGF-β均升高(P<0.05),其中以HBD组、P组变化更为明显(P<0.01),然而T3、T4、fT4变化不明显。结论补脾强力复方各组能一定程度上改善合并亚甲减的EAMG大鼠行为学异常,包括体质量和Lennon等级,其中高剂量组能够明显改善大鼠临床症状。同时补脾强力复方能够修复损伤的HPTT轴,调节该轴各个靶器官释放的激素水平,使其向正常机体的分泌水平靠近。

重症肌无力合并其他自身免疫性疾病的研究进展

重症肌无力(Myasthenia Gravis,MG)是一种神经内科的自身免疫性疾病,常合并其他自身免疫性疾病,导致临床表现复杂多样,共病还会影响患者的治疗和预后,此类患者的共病现象需要得到重视。本文主要探讨了MG合并其他自身免疫性疾病的研究进展,以期提高读者对MG共病现象的重视,更好地了解此类疾病的发病特点,提高临床对共病的诊治水平,改善疾病预后。

显微手术在手外伤患者中的应用效果

目的探讨显微手术在手外伤患者中的应用效果。方法选取2017年1月至2018年10月我科室收治的50例手外伤的患者为研究对象,按照治疗方式的不同将其分为对照组(25例,常规手术治疗)与观察组(25例,显微手术治疗)。比较两组患者的手康复情况、一般手术情况、疼痛评分、组织病理学评分、瘙痒评分及生活质量评分。结果观察组患者的手康复总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,创面愈合时间及住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的疼痛评分及组织病理学评分均改善,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的瘙痒评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的GQOLI-74评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论显微手术在手外伤患者中的应用效果显著,可改善患者的手外伤恢复情况,减少患者的术中出血量,缩短患者的创面愈合时间及住院时间,降低患者的疼痛及瘙痒程度,提高患者的生活质量,安全性高,值得临床推广与应用。

十字交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端骨折的临床效果

目的探究十字交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端骨折(Pilon骨折)的临床效果。方法选取2015年1月至2018年10月我院收治的56例Pilon骨折患者作为研究对象,根据手术方式的不同将其分为对照组(28例,经皮锁定钢板内固定术治疗)与观察组(28例,十字交锁髓内钉治疗)。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果治疗后3个月,观察组患者的治疗优良率为96.43%,略高于对照组的89.29%,但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后3个月,观察组患者的并发症总发生率为7.14%,明显低于对照组的28.57%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者HSS、AOFAS及WHOQOL-100各项评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3个月,两组患者HSS、AOFAS及WHOQOL-100各项评分均较治疗前明显提高,且观察组均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论十字交锁髓内钉治疗Pilon骨折的临床效果显著,可以降低患者的术后并发症发生率,改善患者的膝踝关节功能,提高患者的生活质量水平,值得临床推广与应用。

Theoretical and experimental studies on high-power laser-induced thermal blooming effect in chamber with different gases

High-power laser induced thermal blooming effects in a closed chamber with three different gases are investigated theoretically and experimentally in this work. In the theoretical treatment, an incompressible gas turbulent model is adopted.In the numerical simulation the gas refractive index as a function of both the temperature and pressure is taken into consideration. In the experimental study the pump-probe technology is adopted. A high-power 1064-nm fiber laser with maximum output power of 12 k W is used to drive the gas thermal blooming, and a 50-m W high-beam-quality 637-nm laser diode(LD)is used as a probe beam. The influences of the gas thermal blooming in the chamber on the probe beam wavefront and beam quality are analyzed for three different gases of air, nitrogen, and helium, respectively. The results indicate that nitrogen is well suitable for restraining thermal blooming effect for high-power laser. The measured data are in good agreement with the simulated results.

High-Efficiency Spectral-Beam-Combined 930 nm Diode Laser Source

Spectral beam combining is an effective way to achieve high-brightness direct diode laser output.We present an experimental study on spectral beam combining with external cavity based on transmission grating.Using a series of cylindrical transform lenses with different focal lengths,spectral beaming combining efficiency is greatly improved,and the results of wavelength intervals are consistent with the theoretical calculations.With the injection current of 90 A,a 75.1 W cw 930 nm output power with wavelength span of 18.6 nm and spectral beam combining efficiency of 92.7%is achieved,the beam parameter product is 5.77 mm·mrad.

基于HPTT轴探讨补脾强力复方调节EAMG大鼠免疫系统平衡的机制

目的基于下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺-胸腺(HPTT)轴探讨补脾强力复方调节实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力(EAMG)大鼠免疫系统平衡的机制。方法将120只Lewis大鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,补脾强力复方低、中、高剂量组(4.75、7.12、9.49 g/kg)和西药组(泼尼松,5.4 mg/kg),每组20只。实验期间观察大鼠行为学改变(体质量、Lennon评分)。实验结束后HE染色评估胸腺组织病理变化,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchR-Ab)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-β、白细胞介素(IL)-4和IL-10含量;流式细胞术检测大鼠胸腺中CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)Treg细胞比例,同时检测HPTT轴功能损伤指标[(三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)、下丘脑T3受体(T3R)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)]水平。结果建模后,与对照组相比,各建模组体质量下降,Lennon评分升高;给药后,补脾强力复方中、高剂量组和西药组体质量较模型组升高,Lennon评分下降(P<0.05)。HE染色可见模型组皮质区淋巴细胞变性坏死,髓质区胸腺小体消失,细胞数量减少;补脾强力复方低、中、高剂量组及西药组大鼠胸腺皮质区和髓质区细胞数量明显增多。与对照组相比,模型组胸腺CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg、CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)Treg细胞比例下降,CD4+CD25-Foxp3+Treg和CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(-)Treg细胞比例升高(P<0.05),血清AchR-Ab、TNF-β、IL-4、IL-10、TSH和TRH水平明显升高,T3R和NE水平明显下降(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,补脾强力复方中、高剂量组及西药组胸腺CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg、CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)Treg细胞比例升高,CD4+CD25-Foxp3+Treg和CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(-)Treg细胞比例下降,血清AchR-Ab、TNF-β、IL-4、IL-10、TSH和TRH水平下降(P<0.05);T3R和NE水平升高。结论补脾强力复方可以通过调控HPTT轴及其相关因子,改善EAMG大鼠自身免疫平衡。

First light for the sodium laser guide star adaptive optics system on the Lijiang 1.8 m telescope

A first generation sodium Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics System （LGS-AOS） was developed and integrated into the Lijiang 1.8 m telescope in 2013. The LGS-AOS has three sub-systems： （1） a 20W long pulsed sodium laser, （2） a 300-millimeter-diameter laser launch telescope, and （3） a 37-element com- pact adaptive optics system. On 2014 January 25, we obtained high resolution images of an my 8.18 star, HIP 43963, during the first light of the LGS-AOS. In this paper, the sodium laser, the laser launch telescope, the compact adaptive optics system and the first light results will be presented.

A 37 mJ,100 Hz,high energy single frequency oscillator

Ways on energy enhancement for single frequency oscillator are reported in this paper.By quantitative analysis on gain and loss coefficients for each cavity mode with inserted etalons,a 37 mJ,100 Hz high energy single-frequency Nd:YAG oscillator is obtained.The pulse energy is promoted by enhancement of nearly 7 times for a single frequency oscillator reported.The result proves that this method does help for energy enhancement.It has attractive potential for high energy single frequency oscillator design,especially on condition of intensive side pumped or long cavity laser,where strong competitors exist and are hard to be suppressed.

Pump pulse characteristics of quasi-continuous-wave diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG laser

The influence of pumping laser pulse on the property of quasi-continuous-wave(QCW)diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG laser is investigated theoretically and experimentally.Under remaining a fixed duty cycle,the average output power increases,and the corresponding thermal focal length shorten with the increase of the pump pulse duration,which attributes to the decrease of the ratio of pulse buildup time to the pulse duration.At a pump power of 146 W,the laser output power changes from 65.1 W to 81.2 W when the pulse duration is adjusted from 150μs to 1000μs,confirming a significant enhancement of 24.7%.A laser rate equation model incorporating the amplified spontaneous emission is also utilized and numerically solved,and the simulated results agree well with the experimental data.

A High Conversion Efficiency Q-Switched Intracavity Nd:YVO_4/KTA Optical Parametric Oscillator under Direct Diode Pumping at 880nm

We report a high conversion efficiency Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/KTiOAsO_4(KTA) intracavity optical parametric oscillator(IOPO) operating near 3.5 um based on direct 880 nm laser diode(LD) pumping. A maximum average idler output power of 2.6 W with a pulse width of about 7.9 ns is achieved under an absorbed LD power of 45.4 W at a pulse repetition rate(PRR) of 10 kHz. The maximum optical-optical conversion efficiency from LD power to OPO mid-infrared(MIR) output of 6.74% is achieved. To our knowledge, this is the highest conversion efficiency for a KTA-IOPO by exploiting a Q-switched laser as the parent fundamental pump source. The beam quality factors M^2 of the MIR beam at the full output power with a PRR of 10 kHz are within 2.12 in both the horizontal and vertical directions, indicating a near Gaussian mode.

High-power ultraviolet 278-nm laser from fourth-harmonic generation of an Nd：YAG amplifier in CsB3O5 crystal

We report on the experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of a nanosecond pulse high power ultraviolet（UV） 278 nm laser by fourth-harmonic generation（FHG） of a 1112-nm Nd：YAG amplifier in LiB3O5（LBO） and CsB3O5（CBO） crystals. The UV laser delivers a maximum average power of 10.3 W at 278 nm with peak power of 36.8 k W under input pump power of 41 W at 556 nm. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest output power at the specific UV wavelength of 278 nm. We also performed the theoretical investigation on the FHG with a model in the Gaussian approximation of both spatial and temporal profiles, especially accounting for the two-photon absorption effect in CBO crystal for the first time. The average output power, pulse width, and beam spatial distribution of the UV laser were simulated. The theoretical calculations are in close agreement with the experimental results.

High-energy picosecond single-pass multi-stage optical parametric generator and amplifier

We demonstrate a new management of multi-stage optical parametric generator(OPG)and amplifier(OPA)to obtain high-energy picosecond sources with high beam quality.The setup of multi-stage OPG-OPA requires mode-matching between the pump beam and the stable mode of the OPG-OPA.In a proof-of-principle experiment,the single-pass multi-stage OPG-OPA consists of three walk-off compensated KTP crystal pairs and two lenses,pumped by an 86 ps,1064 nm 10 kHz picosecond laser.The signal light at~1.77μm has an average output power of 502 mW with record energy up to 50.2μJ.The beam quality factor of the signal light can be improved toM^(2)_(x) ×M^(2)_(y)after filtering out about 40%signal power.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first picosecond single-pass multi-stage OPG-OPA pumped at kHz regime.

A 45-μJ,10-kHz,burst-mode picosecond optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped at a second harmonic cavity

A novel high-energy picosecond optical parametric oscillator(OPO)was realized by placing an OPO in a secondharmonic(SH)cavity.In a proof-of-principle experiment,we demonstrated excellent burst energy of 45μJ for the OPO signal at 900 nm that operates at a pulse repetition rate of 10 k Hz and a pulse width of 46.8 ps.The beam quality was measured as M_(x)^(2)=1.44 and M_(y)^(2)=1.40 in the orthogonal directions,corresponding to an average beam factor M^(2)=1.42.So far,this study is the first to investigate high-energy ps OPO synchronously pumped in a second-harmonic cavity.

A sodium laser guide star coupling efficiency measurement method

A large telescope＇s adaptive optics （AO） system requires one or more bright artificial laser guide stars to improve its sky coverage. The recent advent of a high power sodium laser is perfect for such application. However, besides the output power, other parameters of the laser also have a significant impact on the brightness of the generated sodium laser guide star, mostly in non-linear relationships. When tuning and optimizing these parameters it is necessary to tune based on a laser guide star generation performance metric. Although return photon fluxis widely used, variability of the atmosphere and sodium layer makes it difficult to compare results from different sites or even within a short time period for the same site. A new metric, coupling efficiency, is adopted in our field tests. In this paper, we will introduce our method for measuring the coupling efficiency of a 20W class pulse sodium laser for AO application during field tests that were conducted during 2013-2015.

Numerical study of a 20W class QCW pulsed sodium guide star laser's performances at five sites in China

In the past few years,Chinese astronomical community is actively testing astronomical sites for several new optical/infrared ground-based telescopes.These site testing campaigns conducted were mainly focused on fundamental performances of the sites,such as cloud coverage,seeing,temperature,etc.With increasing interests in sodium laser guide star adaptive optics for these new telescopes in the Chinese astronomical community,it is interesting to investigate the performance of the laser guide star at these sites,especially considering that the sodium laser guide star’s on-sky performance is significantly influenced by sites’local performances,such as geomagnetic field,sodium layer dynamics,density of air molecule,etc.In this paper,we studied sodium laser guide star’s performance of a 20 W class Quasi Continuous Wave(QCW)pulsed laser developed by TIPC with numerical simulation for five selected sites in China.

Coaxial Multi-Wavelength Generation in YVO4 Crystal with Stimulated Raman Scattering Excited by a Picosecond-Pulsed 1064 Laser

The multiwavelength characteristics of stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)in YVO4 crystal excited by a picosecond laser at 1064nm are investigated theoretically and experimentally.Laser output with seven wavelengths is achieved coaxially and synchronously at 894,972,1175,1312,1486,1713 and 2022 nm in a YVO4 crystal.The maximum total Raman output energy is as high as 2.77mJ under the pump energy of 7.75mJ.A maximum total Raman conversion efficiency of 47.8%is obtained when the pump energy is 6.54 mj.This is the highest order of Stokes components and the highest output energy generated by YVO4 reported up to date.This work expands the Raman spectrum of YVO4 crystal to the near-IR regime,with seven wavelengths covered at the same time,paving the way for new wavelength generation in the near-IR regime and its multiwavelength application.

High-energy,hundred-picosecond pulsed 266 nm mid-ultraviolet generation by a barium borate crystal

We present a high-energy,hundred-picosecond(ps)pulsed mid-ultraviolet solid-state laser at 266 nm by a direct second harmonic generation(SHG)in a barium borate(BaB_(2)O_(4),BBO)nonlinear crystal.The green pump source is a 710 mJ,330 ps pulsed laser at a wavelength of 532 nm with a repetition rate of 1 Hz.Under a green pump energy of 710 mJ,a maximum output energy of 253.3 mJ at 266 nm is achieved with 250 ps pulse duration resulting in a peak power of more than 1 GW,corresponding to an SHG conversion efficiency of 35.7%from 532 to 266 nm.The experimental data were well consistent with the theoretical prediction.To the best of our knowledge,this laser exhibits both the highest output energy and highest peak power ever achieved in a hundred-ps/ps regime at 266 nm for BBO-SHG.

碳酸铅真空热分解的实验研究

废旧铅酸蓄电池湿法处理过程得到碳酸铅,碳酸铅分解可以制备出PbO.根据碳酸铅的特性以及真空热分解方法的优势,开展碳酸铅真空热分解的实验研究.在系统压强30 Pa的条件下,研究了加热温度、保温时间、颗粒尺寸等因素对碳酸铅真空热分解的影响,借助TG-DSC和XRD的手段对原料和实验产物进行分析.结果表明:保温时间30 min,加热温度310～490℃,可得到PbCO_3·2PbO和ɑ-PbO;加热温度490～580℃,可得β-PbO.分解时间由30 min至180 min,碳酸铅分解完全.加热温度400℃,分解时间为30 min时,不同颗粒尺寸混合的物料更有利于热分解反应进行.通过实验研究,以期用废旧铅酸蓄电池制备氧化铅提供了一种新思路.

High-power wavelength-tunable and power-ratio-controllable dual-wavelength operation at 1319 nm and 1338 nm in a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

We report the first demonstration on three types of 1.3 μm spectral region in a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. In order to dissipate the heat deposition effectively to obtain good beam quality, the Nd:YAG rod crystal with 1° cut-angle on end faces is side-pumped by the quasi-continuous-wave pulsed laser diode. A Suprasil etalon is well designed as the intracavity mode-selector to obtain wavelength-tunable single line or power-ratio-controllable dual line operation at1319 nm and 1338 nm. With the pump pulse width of 200 μs and pump power of 410 W, the acousto-optic Q-switched laser delivered a pulse width of 117 ns at 400 Hz repetition rate, and the M2factor was measured to be about 1.87. 1319 nm together with 1338 nm single-wavelength laser achieved an average output power of 47.6 W and 39.9 W with a linewidth of 0.48 nm and 0.32 nm, and a tunable range of 111.2 pm and108.6 pm, respectively. Among dual-wavelength oscillation, both lines can be tuned at almost equal intensity level with 45.7 W total output power, which is input into an LBO crystal to generate red light of 11.4 W for 659 nm,6.7 W for 664 nm, and 7.5 W for 669 nm. The 1.3 μm wavelength-selectable operation realized by using the same laser configuration may enhance the application in the fields of tunable lasers and THz frequency generation.