Rbm8a regulates neurogenesis and reduces Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology in the dentate gyrus of 5×FAD mice

Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent and debilitating neurodegenerative condition that profoundly affects a patient’s daily functioning with progressive cognitive decline,which can be partly attributed to impaired hippocampal neurogenesis.Neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus is likely to persist throughout life but declines with aging,especially in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent evidence indicated that RNA-binding protein 8A(Rbm8a)promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells,with lower expression levels observed in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared with healthy people.This study investigated the hypothesis that Rbm8a overexpression may enhance neurogenesis by promoting the proliferation of neural progenitor cells to improve memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,Rbm8a overexpression was induced in the dentate gyrus of 5×FAD mice to validate this hypothesis.Elevated Rbm8a levels in the dentate gyrus triggered neurogenesis and abated pathological phenotypes(such as plaque formation,gliosis reaction,and dystrophic neurites),leading to ameliorated memory performance in 5×FAD mice.RNA sequencing data further substantiated these findings,showing the enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in biological processes including neurogenesis,cell proliferation,and amyloid protein formation.In conclusion,overexpressing Rbm8a in the dentate gyrus of 5×FAD mouse brains improved cognitive function by ameliorating amyloid-beta-associated pathological phenotypes and enhancing neurogenesis.

Design and Research of Active Gravity Unloading Device for Large Aperture Optical Mirror

The large aperture optical mirror for space is processed and tested in the gravity environment on the ground. After entering space, gravity disappears due to the change of environment, and the mirror surface that has met the engineering requirements on the ground will change, seriously affecting the imaging quality. In order to eliminate the influence of gravity and to ensure the consistency of space and ground, gravity unloading must be performed. In order to meet the requirements of processing and testing for the large aperture space mirror in the state of vertical optical axis, a universal gravity unloading device was proposed. It was an active support and used air cylinders to provide accurate unloading force. First, the design flow of gravity unloading was introduced;then the detailed design of the mechanical structure and control system was given;then the performance parameters of the two types of cylinders were tested and compared, including the force-pressure relationship curve and the force-position relationship curve;finally, the experimental verification of the gravity unloading device was carried out;for a mirror with an aperture of ?2100 mm, the gravity unloading device was designed and a vertical detection optical path was built. The test results showed that by using this gravity unloading device, the actual processing surface accuracy of the mirror was better than 1/50λ-RMS, which met the application requirement of the optical system. Thus, it can be seen that using this gravity unloading device can effectively unload the gravity of the mirror and realize the accurate processing and measurement of the mirror surface. .

Enhancing reversibility of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)by regulating surface oxygen deficiency

Oxygen deficiency has crucial effects on the crystal structure and electrochemical performance of spinel oxide lithium electrode materials such as LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode.In particular,the oxygen stoichiometry on the crystal surface differs from that on the crystal interior in LNMO.The detection of local oxygen loss in LNMO and its correlation with the crystal structure and the cycling stability of LNMO remain challenging.In this study,the effect of oxygen deficiency in LNMO controlled by sintering temperature on the surface crystal structure and electrochemical performance of LNMO is comprehensively investigated.The high concentration of oxygen vacancies segregates at the surface regions of LNMO forming a thin rock‐salt and/or deficient spinel surface layer.The atomic‐level surface structure reconstruction was demonstrated by annular dark‐field and annular brightfield techniques.For the synthesis of LNMO,the higher sintering temperature results in higher crystallinity but the higher oxygen deficiency in LNMO.The high crystallinity of LNMO would increase the thermal stability of LNMO cathodes while the high content of oxygen deficiency would decrease the surface structural stability of LNMO.Therefore,the LNMO sintered at a medium temperature of 850°C achieved the best capacity retention.The results suggest a competitive function mechanism between oxygen stoichiometry and the crystallinity of LNMO on the cycling performance of LNMO.

Hollow ZSM-5 encapsulated with single Ga-atoms for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass waste

The development of efficient metal-zeolite bifunctional catalysts for catalytic fast pyrolysis(CFP) of biomass waste is highly desirable for bioenergy and renewable biofuel production.However,conventional metal-loaded zeolites often suffer from metal sintering during pyrolysis and are thus inactivated.In this study,single-site Ga-functionalized hollow ZSM-5(GaO_x@HS-Z5) was synthesized via an impregnationdissolution-recrystallization strategy without H_(2) reduction.The Ga atom was coordinated to four oxygen atoms in HS-Z5 frameworks.Benefitting from the highly dispersed single-Ga atoms and hollow zeolite framework,3GaO_x@HS-Z5 performed the best in producing hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil compared to impregnated 3GaO_x/HS-Z5 and H_(2)-reduced 3Ga@HS-Z5 in the maize straw CFP.In particular,3GaO_x@HS-Z5 delivered the highest bio-oil yield(23.6 wt%) and hydrocarbon selectivity(49.4 area%).3GaO_x@HS-Z5 also retained its structural integrity and catalytic activity after five pyrolysis-regeneration cycles,demonstrating its advantage in practical biomass CFP.The elimination of H_(2) reduction during the synthesis of catalyst provides an additional advantage for simplifying the CFP process and reducing operating costs.The retained Ga micro-environment and anti-sintering properties were unique for 3GaO_x@HS-Z5,as severe metal sintering occurred during pyrolysis for other metals(e.g.,NiO_x,ZnO_x,FeO_x,and CoO_x) that encapsulated HS-Z5.

Enhancing hydrophobicity via core-shell metal organic frameworks for high-humidity flue gas CO_(2) capture

Developing metal-organic framework(MOF)materials with the moisture-resistant feature is highly desirable for CO_(2)capture from highly humid flue gas.In this work,a new core-shell MOF@MOF composite using Mg-MOF-74 with high CO_(2)capture capacity as a functional core and hydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)as a protective shell is fabricated by the epitaxial growth method.Experimental results show that the CO_(2)adsorption performance of the core-shell structured Mg-MOF-74@ZIF-8 composites from water-containing flue gas is enhanced along with their improved hydrophobicity.The dynamic breakthrough results show that the Mg-MOF-74@ZIF-8 with three assembled layers(Mg-MOF-74@ZIF-8-3)can capture 3.56 mmol-g^(-1)CO_(2)from wet CO_(2)/N_(2)(VCO_(2):V_(N_(2))=15:85)mixtures,which outperforms Mg-MOF-74(0.37 mmol·g^(-1))and most of the reported physisorbents.

Effects of fluorination on crystal structure and electrochemical performance of antiperovskite solid electrolytes

The development of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)depends on exploiting solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)with high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.Fluorination is generally considered to be an effective strategy to improve the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of inorganic SSEs.Here,we report the partial fluorination of the chlo rine sites in an antiperovskite,by which the orthorhombic Li_(2)OHCl was transformed into cubic Li_(2)OHCl_(0.9)F_(0.1),resulting in a fourfold increase in ionic conductivity at 30℃.The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that both the crystal symmetry and the anions electronegativity influence the diffusion of Li+in the antiperovskite structure.Besides,from the perspective of experiments and calculations,it is confirmed that fluorination is a feasible method to improve the electrochemical stability of antiperovskite SSEs.The LiFePO_(4)|Li cell based on Li_(2)OHCl_(0.9)F_(0.1) is also assembled and exhibits stable cycle performance,which indicates that fluorination of antiperovskite SSEs is an effective way to produce high-performance SSEs for practical application of ASSLBs.

An overview of 10-year observation of the South China Sea branch of the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow at the Karimata Strait

Besides the Indonesian throughflow(ITF), the South China Sea throughflow(SCSTF) also contributes to the water transport from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean. However, this South China Sea(SCS) branch at the Karimata Strait is poorly observed until 2007, even though its importance has been suggested by numerical studies for decades. In this paper, we review the nearly 10-year field measurement in the Karimata Strait by the execution of the projects of "SCS-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange(SITE) and Impacts on Seasonal Fish Migration" and "The Transport, Internal Waves and Mixing in the Indonesian Throughflow regions(TIMIT) and Impacts on Marine Ecosystem", which extend the observations from the western Indonesian seas to the east to include the main channels of the ITF, is introduced. Some major achievements from these projects are summarized.

Catalyst design strategies towards highly shape-selective HZSM-5 for paraxylene through toluene alkylation

With the shape selective zeolite catalyst,toluene alkylation with methanol to para-xylene(MTPX)technology could produce highly pure para-xylene(PX)in one step.The lower feedstock cost and less energy consumption in products separation make it more competitive compared to the current toluene disproportionation route.Thus,MTPX is regarded as the most reasonable production route for PX production.This article reviews the strategies that applied to the preparation of high-performance catalysts for MTPX,with special focus on the precise control of pore dimension and acid sites distribution in zeolite to achieve the highest selectivity to PX.The outlook of the MTPX catalyst is also proposed to guide the catalyst development in the field.

Development of a fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting model for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas

A 72-h fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting system was developed for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas. The forecasting model domain covers from from 15°S to 45°N in latitude and 99°E to135°E in longitude including the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Indonesian seas. To get precise initial conditions for the coupled forecasting model, the forecasting system conducts a 24-h hindcast simulation with data assimilation before forecasting. The Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter(EAKF) data assimilation method was adopted for the wave model MASNUM with assimilating Jason-2 significant wave height(SWH) data. The EAKF data assimilation method was also introduced to the ROMS model with assimilating sea surface temperature(SST), mean absolute dynamic topography(MADT) and Argo profiles data. To improve simulation of the structure of temperature and salinity, the vertical mixing scheme of the ocean model was improved by considering the surface wave induced vertical mixing and internal wave induced vertical mixing. The wave and current models were integrated from January 2014 to October 2015 driven by the ECMWF reanalysis 6 hourly mean dataset with data assimilation. Then the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean forecasting system was carried out 14 months operational running since November 2015. The forecasting outputs include atmospheric forecast products, wave forecast products and ocean forecast products. A series of observation data are used to evaluate the coupled forecasting results, including the wind, SHW, ocean temperature and velocity.The forecasting results are in good agreement with observation data. The prediction practice for more than one year indicates that the coupled forecasting system performs stably and predict relatively accurate, which can support the shipping safety, the fisheries and the oil exploitation.

Shanghai expert consensus on totally implantable access ports 2019

Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,and nurses owing to their advantages of convenient carrying,a long maintenance period,low complications,and a high quality of life for patients.Currently,medical personnel that handle TIAP implantation and management in China are from different areas of healthcare,including surgery,internal medicine,radiology,nurse anesthesia,vascular access,etc.,and many only handle TIAP as a part of their duties.Therefore,the operating procedures and steps for the diagnosis and treatment of complications of TIAP vary from person to person,resulting in different incidence and treatment methods for complications in the implantation and use of TIAP in different medical units.Based on this,we have updated the Shanghai expert consensus on TIAPs from 2015 and explored the diagnosis and treatment procedures of related complications while continuing to emphasize standardized implantation and maintenance.

Interconnected sandwich structure carbon/Si-SiO_2/carbon nanospheres composite as high performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficiently improve the electronic conductivity of Si-based anode,but also play a key role in alleviating the negative effect from huge volume expansion over discharge/charge of Si-based anode.The resulting material delivered a reversible capacity of 1094 mAh/g,and exhibited excellent cycling stability.It kept a reversible capacity of 1050 mAh/g over 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96%.

Effects of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals on nitrogen transformation during steam gasification of Shengli lignite

This work evaluated the effects of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals on nitrogen transformation during steam gasification of Shengli lignite at the temperature of 873-1173 K in a fluidized-bed/fixed-bed quartz reactor. The results indicated that the alkali metal Na and alkaline earth metals Ca, Mg in coal have different effects on inherent nitrogen transformation to NH3, HCN and char-N during the lignite steam gasification. Specifically during the steam gasification of Shengli lignite, Na and Ca, Mg not only catalyze the inherent nitrogen conversions to NH3, but also promote the secondary reactions of the nascent char-N as well as the generation of NH3 from the generated HCN, meanwhile they also inhibited the inherent nitrogen conversion to HCN and char-N. The presence of Na, Ca and Mg hindered the formation of oxidized nitrogen (N-X) functional groups, but enhanced pyridinic nitrogen (N-6) and quaternary nitrogen's (N-Q) formation in char.

Vertical velocity and transport in the South China Sea

Deep water in the South China Sea is renewed by the cold and dense Luzon Strait overflow.However,from where and how the deep water upwells is poorly understood yet.Based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model reanalysis data,vertical velocity is derived to answer these questions.Domain-integrated vertical velocity is of two maxima,one in the shallow water and the other at depth,and separated by a layer of minimum at the bottom of the thermocline.Further analysis shows that this two-segmented vertical transport is attributed to the vertical compensation of subsurface water to the excessive outflow of shallow water and upward push of the dense Luzon Strait overflow,respectively.In the abyssal basin,the vertical transport increases upward from zero at the depth of 3500–4000 m and reaches a maximum of 1.5×10^(6) m^(3)/s at about 1500 m.Deep water upwells mainly from the northeastern and southwestern ends of the abyssal basin and off the continental slopes.To explain the upward velocity arising from slope breaks,a possible mechanism is proposed that an onshore velocity component can be derived from the deep western boundary current above steep slopes under bottom friction.

Cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and arrhythmia

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the distribution characteristics of cardiac autonomic nerves and to explore the correlation between cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and arrhythmia. DATA RETRIEVAL： A computer-based retrieval was performed for papers examining the distribution of cardiac autonomic nerves, using “heart, autonomic nerve, sympathetic nerve, vagus nerve, nerve distribution, rhythm and atrial fibrillation” as the key words. SELECTION CRITERIA： A total of 165 studies examining the distribution of cardiac autonomic nerve were screened, and 46 of them were eventually included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distribution and characteristics of cardiac autonomic nerves were observed, and immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and acetylcholine transferase （main markers of cardiac autonomic nerve distribution）. In addition, the correlation between cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and cardiac arrhythmia was investigated. RESULTS： Cardiac autonomic nerves were reported to exhibit a disordered distribution in different sites, mainly at the surface of the cardiac atrium and pulmonary vein, forming a ganglia plexus. The distribution of the pulmonary vein autonomic nerve was prominent at the proximal end rather than the distal end, at the upper left rather than the lower right, at the epicardial membrane rather than the endocardial membrane, at the left atrium rather than the right atrium, and at the posterior wall rather than the anterior wall. The main markers used for cardiac autonomic nerves were tyrosine hydroxylase and acetylcholine transferase. Protein gene product 9.5 was used to label the immunoreactive nerve distribution, and the distribution density of autonomic nerves was determined using a computer-aided morphometric analysis system. CONCLUSION： The uneven distribution of the cardiac autonomic nerves is the leading cause of the occurrence of arrhythmia, and the cardiac autonomic nerves play an important role in the occurrence, maintenance, and symptoms of arrhythmia.

A study of intra-seasonal variations in the subsurface water temperatures in the South China Sea

Through analysis of the results of a verified high-fidelity numerical model, the intra-seasonal variations(ISVs) in the depth of the 22°C isotherm(D22) in the South China Sea(SCS) basin are investigated. The results show that the ISVs in the D22 exhibit distinct seasonality in the SCS. The ISVs in the D22 are quite significant, especially within a band along the northwestern boundary of the basin and at the southern end of the basin during boreal winter. In these areas, the ratio of the standard deviations(STDs) of intra-seasonal band to the STDs of total data could exceed 0.6. Although the ISVs in the D22 are detectable in the area affected by the Vietnam Offshore Current during boreal summer and autumn, these variations are sometimes overwhelmed by oscillations with other frequencies. An analysis of the causes of the ISVs in the D22 in the SCS indicates that sea surface fluxes and wind stirring are not the dominant external driving mechanisms of the phenomena described above. The ISVs in the D22 are thought to be induced mainly by the thermodynamic adjustment of the ocean itself and the associated instabilities. The energy of the northern and southern bands that display strong ISVs in the D22 may be derived from eddy kinetic energy, rather than eddy available potential energy. The diversity of the propagation of the ISVs in the D22 is very conspicuous within these two bands.

Characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents near the Dongsha Island in the northern South China Sea

Near-bottom currents play important roles in the formation and dynamics of deep-water sedimentary systems.This study examined the characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents, especially the tidal components, based on two campaigns(2014 and 2016) of in situ observations conducted southeast of the Dongsha Island in the South China Sea. Results demonstrated near-bottom currents are dominated by tidal currents, the variance of which could account for ～70% of the total current variance. Diurnal tidal currents were found stronger than semidiurnal currents for both barotropic and baroclinic components. The diurnal tidal currents were found polarized with predominantly clockwise-rotating constituents, whereas the clockwise and counterclockwise constituents were found comparable for semidiurnal tidal currents. It was established that diurnal tidal currents could induce strong current shear. Baroclinic tidal currents showed pronounced seasonal variation with large magnitude in winter and summer and weak magnitude in spring and autumn in 2014. The coherent components accounted for ～65% and ～50% of the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal current variances,respectively. The proportions of the coherent and incoherent components changed little in different seasons. In addition to tidal currents, it was determined that the passing of mesoscale eddies could induce strong nearbottom currents that have considerable influence on the deep circulation.

Pressure responses of halide perovskites with various compositions, dimensionalities, and morphologies

Metal halide perovskites(HPVs)have been greatly developed over the last decade,with various compositions,dimensionalities,and morphologies,leading to an emergence of high-performance photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.Despite the tremendous progress made,challenges remain,which calls for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms.Pressure,a thermodynamic variable,provides a powerful tool to tune materials’structures and properties.In combination with in situ characterization methods,high-pressure research could provide a better fundamental understanding.In this review,we summarize the recent studies of the dramatic,pressure-induced changes that occur in HPVs,particularly the enhanced and emergent properties induced under high pressure and their structure-property relationships.We first introduce the characteristics of HPVs and the basic knowledge of high-pressure techniques,as well as in situ characterization methods.We then discuss the effects of pressure on HPVs with different compositions,dimensionalities,and morphologies,and underline their common features and anomalous behaviors.In the last section,we highlight the main challenges and provide suggestions for possible future research on high-pressure HPVs.

Research on the characteristics of atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge under different square wave pulse polarities

Energy efficiency limits the application of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(DBD),such as air purification,water treatment and material surface modification.This article focuses on the electrical and optical effects of the DBD under three square wave pulses polarities-positive,negative and bipolar.The result shows that under the same voltage with the quartz glass medium,the discharge efficiency of bipolar polarity pulse is the highest due to the influence of deposited charge.With the increase of air gap distance from 0.5 to 1.5 mm,average power consumed by the discharge air gap and discharge efficiency decrease obviously under alumina,and increase,and then decrease under quartz glass and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA).Through spectrum diagnosis,in the quartz glass medium,the vibration temperature is the highest under negative polarity pulse excitation.Under bipolar pulse,the vibration temperature does not change significantly with the change of air gap distance.For the three dielectric materials of quartz glass,alumina and PMMA,the molecular vibration temperature is the highest under the quartz glass medium with the same voltage.When the gap spacing,pulse polarity or dielectric material are changed,the rotational temperature does not change significantly.

NaTiSi2O6复合材料用于锂离子电池负极材料

在本文中,我们首次报道了一种新型的硅酸盐负极材料NaTiSi2O6,由溶胶-凝胶法和固相烧结法合成而得。这种材料属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c。通过葡萄糖的高温裂解和碳化,NaTiSi2O6/C复合物被成功制备出来,其表面积为132 m^2·g^-1。在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下其首圈放电和充电的比容量分别为542.9 m Ah·g^-1和266.6 m Ah·g^-1,首圈库伦效率为49.1%。在经过100圈循环后,其充电比容量为224.1 m Ah·g^-1,容量保持率为84.1%。原位X射线衍射测试表明,其充放电机理为嵌入反应。这使得NaTiSi2O6成为硅酸盐负极材料家族中新的一员。

Various Scoring Systems for Predicting Revascularization of Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Successful revascularization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) by percutaneous?coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) compared with CTO PCI failure. The developments of new strategies and new devices have improved the success rate of CTO PCI. However, the complexity of CTO lesions, clinical characteristics of patients and operator experience highly determine the successful revascularization. Using search items,?“chronic total occluion”,?“percutaneous coronary intervention”,?“scoring systems”,?“predictablity”.?We searched Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI. We found six clinically used scoring systems from 2011 to 2018. They included J-CTO score, CT-RECTOR score, CL score, PROGRESS CTO score, ORA score, and Ellis score. All parameters of each scoring systems have been systematically reviewed. The patients with higher score have found to have?adecreased?probability of CTO recanalization. Ellis score that mainly focused on ambiguous proximal cap and hybrid approach seems to provide better predictability in deciding procedure strategy.