低泡表面活性剂AMEO的合成及性能研究

以壬二酸二单乙醇酰胺为原料,通过乙氧基化反应合成了一系列具有不同氧乙烯含量的壬二酸二单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚(AMEO-p,p=30,40,50,60,70)低泡型表面活性剂。通过红外谱图证明合成了目标产物,并测定了实际氧乙烯含量,其结果与理论氧乙烯含量基本一致。测试了系列AMEO-p的润湿性,去污性,泡沫性等应用性能,优选出润湿性能好,去污力强,泡沫低的AMEO-50表面活性剂。并对其表面性质与物化性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,AMEO-50的临界胶束浓度为0.5 g/L,平衡表面张力为31.21 mN/m。其质量浓度的增加会导致动态表面张力达到平衡的时间缩短,且表面张力降低的速率增快。另外AMEO-50可以与水任意比例互溶,无凝胶相区,具有高浊点,低凝固点的特性,是一种应用温度范围广、可用于超浓缩洗涤产品配方中的低泡型表面活性剂。

Quantum cascade lasers grown by MOCVD

Sharing the advantages of high optical power,high efficiency and design flexibility in a compact size,quantum cascade lasers(QCLs)are excellent mid-to-far infrared laser sources for gas sensing,infrared spectroscopic,medical diagnosis,and defense applications.Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)is an important technology for growing high quality semiconductor materials,and has achieved great success in the semiconductor industry due to its advantages of high efficiency,short maintenance cycles,and high stability and repeatability.The utilization of MOCVD for the growth of QCL materials holds a significant meaning for promoting the large batch production and industrial application of QCL devices.This review summarizes the recent progress of QCLs grown by MOCVD.Material quality and the structure design together determine the device performance.Research progress on the performance improvement of MOCVD-grown QCLs based on the optimization of material quality and active region structure are mainly reviewed.

The Scattering of SH Wave in a Nano Hole Embedded the Infinite Inhomogeneous Medium

Scattering of the shear waves by a nano-sized cylindrical hole embedded the inhomogeneous is investigated in this study. The Helmholtz equation with a variable coefficient is transformed the standard Helmholtz equation by the complex function method and the conformal mapping method. By wave function expanding method, the analytical expressions of the displacement field and stress field in the inhomogeneous medium are obtained. Considering the surface effect and using the generalized Young-Laplace equation, we obtain the boundary conditions at nano arbitrary-shaped hole, then the field equations satisfying boundary conditions are attributed to solving a set of infinite algebraic equations. Numerical results show that when the radius of the cylindrical cavity shrinks to nanometers, surface energy becomes a dominant factor that affects the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the cylindrical cavity. The influence the density variation of the inhomogeneity on the DSCF is discussed at the same time.

High powerλ~8.5μm quantum cascade laser grown by MOCVD operating continuous-wave up to 408 K

Robust quantum cascade laser(QCL)enduring high temperature continuous-wave(CW)operation is of critical importance for some applications.We report on the realization of lattice-matched InGaAs/InAlAs/InP QCL materials grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD).High interface quality structures designed for light emission at 8.5μm are achieved by optimizing and precise controlling of growth conditions.A CW output power of 1.04 W at 288 K was obtained from a 4 mm-long and 10μm-wide coated laser.Corresponding maximum wall-plug efficiency and threshold current density were 7.1%and 1.18 kA/cm2,respectively.The device can operate in CW mode up to 408 K with an output power of 160 mW.

含噻二唑季铵盐表面活性剂对Q235钢的缓蚀性能

通过表面张力法研究一种含噻二唑季铵盐表面活性剂(MTOTB)在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的表面活性;通过电化学测试、静态失重和表面形貌分析研究MTOTB及相应的2-巯基-5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑(MMTD)在1 mol/L HCl溶液中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明,MTOTB在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的临界胶束浓度为0.36 mmol/L;当添加浓度为0.5 mmol/L时,MTOTB对在1 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡48 h碳钢片的缓蚀率可达95.34%,同样条件下,MMTD对碳钢的缓蚀率为78.34%,说明MTOTB对碳钢的腐蚀抑制效率显著优于MMTD。SEM-EDS表明,MTOTB可以吸附在碳钢表面,有效抑制碳钢片的腐蚀。

改性油脂乙氧基化物磺酸盐的性能测试及其在机洗餐具用洗涤剂中的应用

改性油脂乙氧基化物磺酸盐(SNS-80)是一种以植物油脂为原料得到的绿色环保的阴离子型表面活性剂,安全无刺激,可广泛应用于各类洗涤剂产品中。分别采用旋转黏度计、Ross-Miles泡沫仪、帆布沉降法、振荡法和改进的酸滴定法测试了SNS-80的黏度、发泡稳泡性能、润湿、乳化和钙皂分散力,并测试了SNS-80在室温和(95±2)℃时的表观耐盐和耐碱性能;将SNS-80应用于机洗餐具用洗涤剂中,考察了其稳定性和去污性能,并与市售产品进行了比较。结果表明,SNS-80水溶液在整个浓度区间内都具有低的黏度,且无凝胶相区,起始泡沫高但消泡快,具有好的钙皂分散力,1 g SNS-80可以分散18.7 g钙皂;表观耐盐能力低温时较高温时好,对一价盐的耐受能力较二价盐高;而表观耐碱度则是在高温时好,在(95±2)℃时可高达168 g/L。与市售机洗餐具洗涤剂相比,以SNS-80为主活性物得到的产品具有更好的去污能力。

C_(12-14)仲醇乙氧基化物的合成与性能研究

以KOH、CH_(3)OK为催化剂催化C_(12-14)仲醇乙氧基化反应合成了环氧乙烷加合数为3的仲醇聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂SAEO_(3)。评价了两种催化剂的催化C_(12-14)仲醇乙氧基化反应活性。系统考察了催化剂的变化对SAEO_(3)性能(包括表面性能、物化性能和应用性能等)的影响。并将实验室合成的SAEO_(3)与市售Secol-30产品的各项性能进行对比。得出的结论如下:相比于KOH催化剂,利用CH_(3)OK催化仲醇乙氧基化反应时,该催化剂反应活性和产物选择性较高。SAEO_(3)与市售Secol-30产品物化性能比较接近,CH_(3)OK催化得到的仲醇醚的浊点高于其他产品。SAEO_(3)的cmc低于市售Secol-30产品。但Secol-30降低表面张力的能力更加优越些,在较低浓度下可将水溶液的表面张力降低至28.25 mN/m。SAEO_(3)产品的应用性能润湿、乳化、泡沫,去污能力均优于Secol-30。该类仲醇聚氧乙烯醚属于低泡表面活性剂,无凝胶相区且去污能力优越,因此可将其应用于浓缩洗涤剂产品中。

Effects of parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola on chlorophyll a fluorescence and nutrient accumulation of host plant Haloxylon ammodendron in the Taklimakan Desert

The parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola attaches to Haloxylon ammodendron, a perennial shrub with high tolerance to salinity and drought. However, little was known about the parasite-host relation between the two species. Effects of the parasite on chlorophyll a fluorescence and nutrient accumulation in the host plant （H. am- modendron） were investigated in the Taklimakan Desert. Some photosynthetic parameters of both host and non-host H. ammodendron plants were measured by in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence technology in the field. The assimilating branches of host and non-host plants were collected and nutrient and inorganic ion contents were analyzed. The results from field experiments showed that the infection of C. deserticola reduced the non-photochemical quenching of the variable chlorophyll fluorescence （NPQ） and the potential maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry （Fv/Fm） of the host. Compared with non-host plants, the host H. ammodendron had low nutrient, low inorganic ion contents （Na~ and K~） and low K~/Na~ ratios in the assimilating branches. It suggested that C. deserticola infection reduced the nutrient acquisition and caused damage to the photoprotection through thermal dissipation of the energy of the photosystem II in the host, resulting in a decrease in the tolerance to salinity and high radiation. It was concluded that the attachment of the parasite plant （C. deserticola） had negative effects on the growth of its host.

Dynamic Analysis of Nanosized Arbitrary Shape Inclusion under SH Waves

The scattering of shear waves (SH waves) by nano-scale arbitrary shape inclusion in infinite plane is studied by complex variable function theory. Firstly, the governing equation and the relationships between stress and displacement are given by classical elastic theory. Secondly, the arbitrary shape inclusion in the two-dimensional plane is transformed into a unit circle domain by conformal mapping, the incident wave field and the scattered wave field are presented. Next, the stress and displacement boundary conditions are established by considering surface elasticity theory, The infinite algebraic equations for solving the unknown coefficients of the scattered and standing waves are obtained. Finally, the influence of surface effect, non-dimensional wave number, Shear modulus and hole curvature on the dynamic stress concentration factor are analyzed by some examples, the numerical results show that the surface effect weakens the dynamic stress concentration. With the increase of wave number, the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) decreases. Shear modulus and hole curvature have significant effects on DSCF.

Alkoxylation for Surfactant Productions: towards the Continuous Reactors

Introduction The alkoxylation reactions are generally performed in semibatch reactors,[1] also in series, in which the catalyst and the substrate （alkyl phenols, fatty alcohols or acids）are initially charged while epoxide （ethylene or propylene oxide） is added during the reaction course. This particular synthesis strategy is due to the high reactivity of alkoxides

Investigation of Propoxylation and Ethoxylation of 2-Ethylhexanol in the Presence of an Alkaline and DMC Type Catalyst at Initial Stages of the Syntheses

This paper reports the results of monopropoxylation and monoethoxylation of ethylhexyl alcohol performed in the presence of KOH and a DMC type catalyst, respectively. The existing differences are discussed in terms of kinetic performance of the syntheses, as well as the obtained products＇ compositions. The investigated DMC type catalyst showed 60 to 70 times as high conversion rates, narrower homolog distributions and higher selectivity, in comparison with KOH. Interpretation of the experimental results was performed using kinetic parameters of the WeibulI-Nycander-Gold model and the Natta Mantica relationships. In spite of any differences between the reactivity of the investigated catalysts and alkylene oxides, a significant contribution ofpolymerisation parallel to the target polyaddition was determined, absorbing a major part of the converted adducts, both in the presence of DMC and KOH.

High-power distributed feedback lasers based on InP corrugated sidewalls atλ~2μm

We report a high-power single-mode InP-based 2μm distributed feedback(DFB)laser with a second-order buried grating and corrugated sidewalls.A second-order semiconductor grating is used for in-plane feedback and vertical out-coupling.The corrugated sidewalls are used to eliminate higher-order transverse modes.For the DFB laser with a 2 mm long cavity and 15μm wide ridge,the maximum continuous-wave edge-emitting and surface-emitting single-mode powers at 300 K are up to 81 and 42 m W,respectively.A single-lobed far-field radiation pattern with a low divergence angle of approximately 8.6°is achieved by a device with a ridge width of 15μm.The single-longitudinal-mode emission wavelength of the fabricated laser can be adjusted from2003.8 nm at 288 K to 2006.9 nm at 313 K without any mode hopping.Robust single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio of 30 dB is achieved under all injection currents and temperature conditions.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Innovation from 1998 to 2016

Digital technologies are ubiquitous in our everyday lives.They have been widely embedded into the core processes of services and products,as well as into the operations of many organizations.These digital technologies bring many changes to our work and lifestyles,to the organization of companies,and even to the structures of whole industries.Thus,digital innovation is a research hotspot.This study investigates the development of digital innovation research using a bibliometric method with visual mapping.The status of digital innovation research is analyzed through citation analysis.Influential references,authors,and top-tier journals are identified.The literature’s intellectual structure is mapped through co-word analysis.In addition,co-citation network analysis is used to describe the evolution of digital innovation research,and cluster analysis of the main research stream is conducted.Several research topics addressed by recent papers are also discussed.Finally,cross-country comparisons reveal that the US is currently taking the leading role and that China is a newcomer with potential contributions to make in this research area.