赤霉病是小麦的重要病害,严重影响小麦的产量和品质,但由于小麦遗传转化较难,其抗病机制的研究一直进展缓慢。短柄草作为单子叶模式植物,在生长特性和遗传研究等方面具有很大优势。本研究首先明确了短柄草穗部赤霉病发生的最适条件为:温...赤霉病是小麦的重要病害,严重影响小麦的产量和品质,但由于小麦遗传转化较难,其抗病机制的研究一直进展缓慢。短柄草作为单子叶模式植物,在生长特性和遗传研究等方面具有很大优势。本研究首先明确了短柄草穗部赤霉病发生的最适条件为:温度28°C,相对湿度75%。比较小麦Apogee抗、感赤霉病近等基因系受赤霉菌诱导的表达谱,在抗病材料中克隆到一个特异表达的基因并命名为TaWRKY2。利用农杆菌介导的方法将TaWRKY2基因转入短柄草Bd21中,通过穗部接菌鉴定和叶片离体鉴定的方法对转基因植株进行抗病性鉴定,结果表明,与受体Bd21相比,转基因短柄草植株的穗部和叶片赤霉病抗性均增强。作为SA信号路径下游的基因,TaWRKY2可能通过介导水杨酸路径下游病程相关蛋白基因(Pathogenesis related gene,PR基因)的表达,参与抗赤霉病过程。展开更多
A combination system of biotrickling filter （BTF） and biofilter （BF）, adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simu...A combination system of biotrickling filter （BTF） and biofilter （BF）, adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius （55℃） and Micrococcus luteus （ATCC 9341） in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii （Bainier ＆ Sartory） Thom＆ Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii （52.6%）, M. luteus （39.5%）, B. sphaericus （21.6%）, and G. thermoglucosidasius （17.7%）.展开更多
The mutation of the gene encoding a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase（ssi2） has been proved to enhance pathogen resistance in several plants, while it＇s potential to regulate biotic and abiotic st...The mutation of the gene encoding a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase（ssi2） has been proved to enhance pathogen resistance in several plants, while it＇s potential to regulate biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat is still unclear. In this study, we cloned TaSSI2 gene in wheat and provided several evidences of its involvement in multiple biological functions. By using barley stripe mosaic virus（BSMV）-induced gene silencing（VIGS） in wheat, it was found that TaSSI2 negatively regulated both powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight（FHB） resistance, which was consistent with the phenotype observed in knock-out mutants of Kronos. The expression of TaSSI2 was down-regulated by in vitro treatments of methyl jasmonate（Me JA）, but positively regulated by salicylic acid（SA） and abscisic acid（ABA）, implying the cross-talk between different hormone signaling pathways involved in wheat to regulate biotic stresses is still to be elucidated. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PR4 and PR5 indicated that TaSSI2 probably regulated FHB resistance by depressing the SA signaling pathway in wheat. In addition, the over-expression of TaSSI2 increased the content of linolenic acid（18：3） and subsequently enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic Brachypodium. This phenomenon might be associated with its subcellular localization in the whole cytosol, partly overlapping with Golgi apparatus and the secreted vesicles. As a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase, TaSSI2 was proposed to be involved in cell lipid metabolism and carried targets out of the cell from membrane or wax synthesis, resulting in enhanced drought tolerance in plant.展开更多
The effects of direct extracts of compost (DEC), aerated fermentation extracts of compost (AFEC) and non-aerated fermentation extracts of compost (NAFEC) on cucumber growth and the action mechanisms were evaluated bas...The effects of direct extracts of compost (DEC), aerated fermentation extracts of compost (AFEC) and non-aerated fermentation extracts of compost (NAFEC) on cucumber growth and the action mechanisms were evaluated based on the structure and activity analysis of humic-like substances. AFEC increased cucumber growth most significantly, followed by DEC and NAFEC, which was insignificant compared to the control treatment. Humic-like substances from compost extracts played an important role in promoting cucumber growth. Application of humic-like substances stimulated auxin-like activity and increased chlorophyll content and nitrogen accumulation in plants. The positive auxin-like activity of humic-like substances could be attributed to the relative distribution of special carbon groups, such as those with a large amount of peptidic and carbohydratic groups or with a low content of phenolic groups. In conclusion, the best growth promotion by application of AFEC was mainly attributed to the humic-like substances in the AFEC.展开更多
To better understand the role of organic matter(OM)prepared from chicken manure and agriculture residues compost on the growth of plants(Lepidium sativum L.)and antagonistic fungi(Trichoderma harzianum),we analyzed th...To better understand the role of organic matter(OM)prepared from chicken manure and agriculture residues compost on the growth of plants(Lepidium sativum L.)and antagonistic fungi(Trichoderma harzianum),we analyzed the structure and composition of extracted OM using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectroscopy and solid-state13C cross-polarization magic-anglespinning nuclear magnetic resonance(13C CPMAS NMR)spectroscopy.The results showed that the EEM contours of water-extracted OM(WEOM)and alkali-extracted OM(AEOM)were similar.Furthermore,solid-state13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that water extraction could not proportionally pull out aromatic moieties(112–145 ppm)from compost,but the alkali method in proportion extracted both carbohydrates(65–85 ppm)and aromatic moieties.The results suggest that AEOM may better reflect the bulk OM composition of compost,and one should be cautious when applying WEOM as an alternative indicator of total compost OM.Further investigations demonstrated that,compared to carbohydrates,aromatic moieties played a predominant role in growth suppression of Lepidium sativum L.seeds and Trichoderma harzianum.展开更多
文摘赤霉病是小麦的重要病害,严重影响小麦的产量和品质,但由于小麦遗传转化较难,其抗病机制的研究一直进展缓慢。短柄草作为单子叶模式植物,在生长特性和遗传研究等方面具有很大优势。本研究首先明确了短柄草穗部赤霉病发生的最适条件为:温度28°C,相对湿度75%。比较小麦Apogee抗、感赤霉病近等基因系受赤霉菌诱导的表达谱,在抗病材料中克隆到一个特异表达的基因并命名为TaWRKY2。利用农杆菌介导的方法将TaWRKY2基因转入短柄草Bd21中,通过穗部接菌鉴定和叶片离体鉴定的方法对转基因植株进行抗病性鉴定,结果表明,与受体Bd21相比,转基因短柄草植株的穗部和叶片赤霉病抗性均增强。作为SA信号路径下游的基因,TaWRKY2可能通过介导水杨酸路径下游病程相关蛋白基因(Pathogenesis related gene,PR基因)的表达,参与抗赤霉病过程。
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Construction Science and Technol-ogy Project of China (No. 04-02-168).
文摘A combination system of biotrickling filter （BTF） and biofilter （BF）, adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius （55℃） and Micrococcus luteus （ATCC 9341） in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii （Bainier ＆ Sartory） Thom＆ Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii （52.6%）, M. luteus （39.5%）, B. sphaericus （21.6%）, and G. thermoglucosidasius （17.7%）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3315203911, 31471488)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100602)the Transgenic Spe cial Item, China (2016ZX08002003-002 and 2016ZX08009-003)
文摘The mutation of the gene encoding a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase（ssi2） has been proved to enhance pathogen resistance in several plants, while it＇s potential to regulate biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat is still unclear. In this study, we cloned TaSSI2 gene in wheat and provided several evidences of its involvement in multiple biological functions. By using barley stripe mosaic virus（BSMV）-induced gene silencing（VIGS） in wheat, it was found that TaSSI2 negatively regulated both powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight（FHB） resistance, which was consistent with the phenotype observed in knock-out mutants of Kronos. The expression of TaSSI2 was down-regulated by in vitro treatments of methyl jasmonate（Me JA）, but positively regulated by salicylic acid（SA） and abscisic acid（ABA）, implying the cross-talk between different hormone signaling pathways involved in wheat to regulate biotic stresses is still to be elucidated. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PR4 and PR5 indicated that TaSSI2 probably regulated FHB resistance by depressing the SA signaling pathway in wheat. In addition, the over-expression of TaSSI2 increased the content of linolenic acid（18：3） and subsequently enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic Brachypodium. This phenomenon might be associated with its subcellular localization in the whole cytosol, partly overlapping with Golgi apparatus and the secreted vesicles. As a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase, TaSSI2 was proposed to be involved in cell lipid metabolism and carried targets out of the cell from membrane or wax synthesis, resulting in enhanced drought tolerance in plant.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture Public Benefit Research Foundation of China (No. 201103004)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2010AA10Z401)
文摘The effects of direct extracts of compost (DEC), aerated fermentation extracts of compost (AFEC) and non-aerated fermentation extracts of compost (NAFEC) on cucumber growth and the action mechanisms were evaluated based on the structure and activity analysis of humic-like substances. AFEC increased cucumber growth most significantly, followed by DEC and NAFEC, which was insignificant compared to the control treatment. Humic-like substances from compost extracts played an important role in promoting cucumber growth. Application of humic-like substances stimulated auxin-like activity and increased chlorophyll content and nitrogen accumulation in plants. The positive auxin-like activity of humic-like substances could be attributed to the relative distribution of special carbon groups, such as those with a large amount of peptidic and carbohydratic groups or with a low content of phenolic groups. In conclusion, the best growth promotion by application of AFEC was mainly attributed to the humic-like substances in the AFEC.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.2011CB100503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21007027)+1 种基金the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province,Chinathe National"111"Project of China’s Higher Education(No.B12009)
文摘To better understand the role of organic matter(OM)prepared from chicken manure and agriculture residues compost on the growth of plants(Lepidium sativum L.)and antagonistic fungi(Trichoderma harzianum),we analyzed the structure and composition of extracted OM using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectroscopy and solid-state13C cross-polarization magic-anglespinning nuclear magnetic resonance(13C CPMAS NMR)spectroscopy.The results showed that the EEM contours of water-extracted OM(WEOM)and alkali-extracted OM(AEOM)were similar.Furthermore,solid-state13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that water extraction could not proportionally pull out aromatic moieties(112–145 ppm)from compost,but the alkali method in proportion extracted both carbohydrates(65–85 ppm)and aromatic moieties.The results suggest that AEOM may better reflect the bulk OM composition of compost,and one should be cautious when applying WEOM as an alternative indicator of total compost OM.Further investigations demonstrated that,compared to carbohydrates,aromatic moieties played a predominant role in growth suppression of Lepidium sativum L.seeds and Trichoderma harzianum.
