Composition of Wheat Rhizosphere Antagonistic Bacteria and Wheat Sharp Eyespot as Affected by Rice Straw Mulching

To assess the effect of rice straw mulching on changes of antagonistic bacteria and the incidence of wheat sharp eyespot, a multi-year field study was performed to compare unmulched plots and the plots mulched with rice straw for two or three years. Bacterial and fungal populations were evaluated in the cultures prepared from the wheat rhizosphere and bulk soils. Rice straw mulching increased the number of pseudomonas colony forming units in wheat rhizosphere and bulk soils. The proportion of total bacteria that were fluorescent pseudomonads was higher in mulched than in unmulched soil. Bacterial isolates antagonistic to Rhizoctonia cerealis were identified using an inhibition zone test. A series of these isolates were typed by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Pseudomonads had higher antagonistic activity against R. cerealis than other species, and more than 80% of rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonads were antagonistic to R. cerealis. The disease indices were lower in the mulched plots than in the unmulched control. These results suggest that rice straw mulching in a rice-wheat rotation increases the number of fluorescent pseudomonads. Additionally, these fluorescent pseudomonads may contribute to the control of wheat sharp eyespot.

禾本科植物内生真菌研究20:基于NRPS5基因的我国东部早熟禾亚科植物内生真菌系统发育学分析

【背景】冷季型禾草-Epichloae真菌内生共生体在我国广泛存在,Epichloae内生真菌具有遗传多样性。【目的】选取来自江苏、山东和安徽等6省共8地的早熟禾亚科植物中的21个Epichlo?sp.菌株,检测菌株的NRPS5基因;分析不同宿主内Epichlo?属内生真菌NRPS5基因多样性。【方法】提取Epichlo?spp.菌株DNA,利用特异性引物对菌株中NRPS5基因进行PCR检测和序列分析,并基于NRPS5基因构建最大简约法系统发育树。【结果】NRPS5基因可能广泛分布于我国东部冷季型禾本科植物Epichloae内生真菌中。在同种内生真菌和同一宿主(除鹅观草)中的不同种内生真菌中NRPS5基因相对保守,但不同宿主的内生真菌其碱基序列差异大,与宿主植物采集地点、采集时间和子座的有无均无相关性,NRPS5基因的差异主要与宿主植物有关。这说明NRPS5基因序列比较保守,推测属于NRPS蛋白的功能核心区。【结论】NRPS5基因序列相对保守,可作为真菌遗传多样性分析的一种辅助手段。