恒轴压卸围压条件下粉砂岩应力应变特征与能量演化

为了获得高陡山区地下工程顶部粉砂岩在开挖后的应力应变和能量演化特征,开展了不同围压下粉砂岩恒轴压卸围压三轴试验,分析其应力应变、应变能转化以及能量耗散特征。结果表明,恒轴压卸围压条件下,围压越高,试样围压卸载率越低,且试样破坏越快、变形越大。不同围压下能量转化特征曲线趋势基本一致,与应力应变曲线有较好的相关性。围压恒定轴压升高阶段,除围压产生的应变能密度基本恒定外,其他能量演化曲线具有呈指数升高的特征;主要表现为原生孔隙压密,能量转化率较低。轴压恒定围压卸载至试样破坏阶段,轴向应力与能量曲线两者突变点基本对应;产生较大程度宏观破裂,能量转化率较高。试样破坏后围压恒定和继续施加轴向应变阶段,低围压能量释放更强,试样破坏更为碎裂。能量耗散具有总体上先升高后降低再陡增的特征,围压越低,试样破坏时应变越小、能量耗散比越大,试样破坏更加碎裂;围压越高,对试样能量耗散抑制作用越强,有利于弹性应变聚集,更容易产生岩爆现象。

降雨诱发填方路堤边坡变形机制物理模拟研究

填方路堤变形失稳是西部山区工程建设的常见问题。重庆某高速公路边坡为典型的堆载条件下降雨诱发型滑坡,填方堆载后,填方边坡在连续降雨条件下,沿基岩之上的软弱面产生滑动破坏。定性分析认为,降雨在滑坡形成中起着关键作用,为了研究填方边坡在降雨条件下的变形破坏机制及孔隙水压力与变形之间的关系,采用物理模拟方法研究边坡变形失稳的全过程,分析孔隙水压力随降雨时间的变化规律及其与变形破坏的关系。研究结果表明:边坡后缘大方量堆载,改变了其应力条件,是滑坡产生的主要因素。场地施工改变了原有的地表水环境,连续强降雨致使大量下渗的雨水,不仅显著改变坡体应力条件,而且雨水沿着滑面运移软化滑带,是滑坡产生的重要诱发因素。孔隙水压力在坡体失稳过程中起着关键作用,填方体土碎屑、泥质含量大,下渗的雨水携带上部细小颗粒及滑带泥质成分至滑带附近,堵塞地下水消散通道,表现为坡体变形积累,孔隙水压力增加;边坡变形陡增,孔隙水压力降低。该滑坡破坏分为降雨下渗、滑带饱水软化、后缘产生裂缝、裂缝贯通-整体滑动4个阶段,为蠕滑-拉裂式滑坡。

公众对泥石流灾害认知水平及影响因素研究——以四川省汶川县为例

为探讨公众的灾害认知水平对减灾效果的影响,构建了由减灾知识技能指数、灾害谣言认知指数、减灾政策认知指数及减灾行为倾向指数组成的泥石流灾害认知水平评价指标体系,评估四川省汶川县公众对泥石流灾害认知水平,并运用单因素方差分析和地理探测器中的因子探测、交互作用探测分析公众灾害认知水平的群体差异、各因素的影响程度及其之间的交互作用.结果表明:①公众的综合认知指数平均值仅为0.56,减灾知识技能指数、灾害谣言认知指数、减灾政策认知指数及减灾行为倾向指数平均值分别为0.47,0.61,0.35,0.71;②综合认知指数在不同性别、文化程度、受灾次数及接受减灾培训频率的公众之间存在显著差异;③减灾培训频率对综合认知指数的影响程度最大,受灾次数次之,性别的影响程度最小;④减灾培训频率、受灾次数、文化程度和受访者性别这些因素之间存在着交互作用.

降雨条件下不良填筑路基破坏过程物理模拟

为研究不良填筑路基在降雨条件下变形破坏机制,采用相似材料和物理模拟实验方法再现填方路基变形破坏全过程,揭示降雨和软弱夹层与不良填筑路基变形破坏的内在联系。研究表明,雨水和坡后汇聚水流大量下渗,路基自重增加,下滑推力增大,坡体应力条件发生显著改变。软弱夹层相对隔水,下渗雨水在软弱夹层上运移受阻,夹层浸水软化,于坡体稳定性产生不利影响。路基内部碎屑颗粒含量大,进而堵塞地下水消散通道,孔隙水压力持续增加,加剧坡体变形,最终导致路基失稳。该路基破坏过程可分为水流下渗、坡体应力调整、后缘拉裂缝形成、裂缝贯通-整体破坏四个阶段。

Deformation and failure of a high-steep slope induced by multi-layer coal mining

During underground mining,accurate revelation on the deformation and failure mechanisms of a high-steep slope under multi-layer mining conditions facilitates the prevention and control of geological disasters in mines.Numerical simulation based on discrete element theory can be used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of action of deformation and failure of a slope under complex geological and multi-layer mining conditions.By utilising PFC2 D(particle flow code) software,the deformation and failure characteristics of a high-steep slope in Faer Coal Mine in Guizhou Province,China were investigated.Additionally,the mechanism of influence of different numbers of mining layers on the deformation and failure of the high and steep slope was elucidated.The result showed that after the goaf passed by the slope toe,multi-layer mining aggravated the subsidence and deformation of the slope toe:the slope toppled forward as it sank.The toppling of the slope changed the slope structures:the strata in the front of the slope were transformed from anti-dip to down-dip features.Extruded by collapsedtoppled rock mass,the slope toe and the rock mass located in the lower part of the slope toe generally exhibited a locking effect on the slope.Multi-layer mining degraded the overall stability of the slope,in that the total displacement of the slope was much greater than the total mining thickness of the coal seams.Based on the aforementioned research,ideas for preventing and controlling geological disasters during mining operations under a high-steep slope were proposed.