To realize the high-efficiency acquisition of environmental mechanical energy,traditional triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)based on contact-separation consist of two separate triboelectric layers.Their large contact...To realize the high-efficiency acquisition of environmental mechanical energy,traditional triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)based on contact-separation consist of two separate triboelectric layers.Their large contact-separation gap increases the overall volume of the device,making it difficult to realize miniaturization and flexibility.This work,therefore,presents a fully enclosed all-in-one-shaped flexible TENG(FEAST)with an air cavity using rubber mixing and high-temperature vulcanization.The air pressure inside the enclosed air cavity facilitates effective contact-separation of the FEAST.The homogeneous integration between the triboelectric layer and the electrode layer enhances structural firmness without using extra spacer materials.The developed FEAST presents excellent mechanical durability even after 10000 cycles.By increasing the active contact area between the triboelectric materials,a maximum peak-peak output voltage,current,and power density of 130 V,1.1μA,and277 m W/m^(2),respectively,were obtained with an effective stress area of 1 cm2.Moreover,the fully enclosed structure ensures that the output performance is not affected by the external environment.The FEAST was fixed onto the sole of a shoe to demonstrate its applicability in harvesting mechanical energy from human motions.Overall,the developed method provides a simple approach for optimizing the structure of TENGs and is compatible with large-scale manufacturing.展开更多
Ocean intelligent buoy is important for ocean environment monitoring.With the increase of requisite sensors and transportable data,a long power supply has become a problem to be solved urgently.In this work,a hybrid n...Ocean intelligent buoy is important for ocean environment monitoring.With the increase of requisite sensors and transportable data,a long power supply has become a problem to be solved urgently.In this work,a hybrid nanogenerator integrating triboelectric,piezoelectric,electromagnetic,photovoltaic,and thermotropic units is proposed to maximize ocean ambient energy harvesting,which includes static energy(solar and thermal energy)and dynamic energy(wave energy).Compared with a device with a single energy conversion mechanism,this structural design breaks the limit of harvesting time and natural conditions during the energy harvesting process,thereby increasing the harvested energy.Static energy harvesting is realized by the thermoelectric(TG)and photovoltaic(PV)units located inside the device and the PV unit attached to the device surface.Results show that the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 5 V and 41 mA in the external PV and 1.33 V and 49 mA in the internal PV under 30000 Lux illumination,respectively.The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the TG unit are 5 V and 15 m A,respectively.The core component of the dynamic generation unit is the gimbal used to harvest wave energy by the triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),piezoelectric generator(PENG),and electromagnetic generator.When the frequency is 2.4 Hz,the maximum peak-to-peak power of the TENG,PENG,and EMG are 0.25,1.58,and 13.8 mW,respectively.Finally,an intelligent ocean buoy is fabricated by the integration of an energy harvester,a power management circuit,sensors,a microcontroller,and a wireless communication module.Driven by static and dynamic energy,temperature signal,humidity signal,GPS signal,and sound signal are sent to the receiving terminal wirelessly.The ocean energy harvester proposed in this work is of great significance for ocean energy harvesting and ocean wireless monitoring systems.展开更多
Tactile sensors are essential components of wearable electronic devices,but there are still various problems in terms of energy supply,flexibility and skin adaptability.In this paper,we report a self-powered flexible ...Tactile sensors are essential components of wearable electronic devices,but there are still various problems in terms of energy supply,flexibility and skin adaptability.In this paper,we report a self-powered flexible tactile sensor(FTS)mainly composed of a BaTiO_(3)/polyacrylonitrile/Ecoflex(BTO/PAN/Ecoflex)composite film,which can be used for dynamically monitoring human plantar pressure,posture and other physiological and motion parameters.Combining the synergistic piezoelectric properties of PAN and BTO,the output voltage/current of the BTO/PAN/Ecoflex composite film is 4.5/5.8 times that of the BTO/Ecoflex composite film,with maximum instantaneous power that can reach up to 3.375μW.Under the action of external pressure stress,the FTS can reach a normalized voltage sensitivity and voltage linearity of 0.54 V/N and 0.98,respectively.Furthermore,a human-machine interaction test system is built,which can display the stress changes of human body monitoring parts in real time according to voltage changes and different color assignments.The developed human-machine interaction test system provides a new idea for the diagnosis of flatfoot and other medical diseases.Hence,this work proposes new FTSs that use a BTO/PAN/Ecoflex composite film with high sensitivity and great output performance,thus exhibiting immense potential application prospects in medical research,personalized recognition and human-machine interaction.展开更多
The research on flexible pressure sensors has drawn widespread attention in recent years,especially in the fields of health care and intelligent robots.In practical applications,the sensitivity of sensors directly aff...The research on flexible pressure sensors has drawn widespread attention in recent years,especially in the fields of health care and intelligent robots.In practical applications,the sensitivity of sensors directly affects the precision and integrity of weak pressure signals.Here,a pressure sensor with high sensitivity and a wide measurement range composed of porous fiber paper and 3D patterned electrodes is proposed.Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with excellent conductivity were evenly sprayed on the fiber paper to form the natural spatial conducting networks,while the copper-deposited polydimethylsiloxane films with micropyramids array were used as electrodes and flexible substrates.Increased conducting paths between electrodes and fibers can be obtained when high-density micro-pyramids fall into the porous structures of the fiber paper under external pressure,thereby promoting the pressure sensor to show an ultra-high sensitivity of 17.65 kPa^(-1)in the pressure range of 0–2 kPa,16 times that of the device without patterned electrodes.Besides,the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 2.06 kPa^(-1)in an ultra-wide measurement range of 150 kPa.Moreover,the sensor can detect various physiological signals,including pulse and voice,while attached to the human skin.This work provides a novel strategy to significantly improve the sensitivity and measurement range of flexible pressure sensors,as well as demonstrates attractive applications in physiological signal monitoring.展开更多
The wind-induced vibration of a remote sensing tower is the key factor affecting the stability of image sensing and structural reliability. Monitoring the vibration of a long-time unattended tower is critical to its p...The wind-induced vibration of a remote sensing tower is the key factor affecting the stability of image sensing and structural reliability. Monitoring the vibration of a long-time unattended tower is critical to its proper operation. Currently, most monitoring devices are supplied with wired power or battery, significantly limiting their practical applications in remote areas. In this paper,a self-powered vibration sensing device based on hybrid electromechanical conversion mechanisms is proposed. The device depends on a cylindrical magnetic levitation structure sensitive to ambient vibration for transferring mechanical energy and is taken as a dual-functional heterogeneous integrated system comprising electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric generators. When the device vibrates under environmental force driving, the suspension magnet reciprocates vertically and generates induced electromagnetic energy, which is used to power the device. Moreover, the triboelectric and piezoelectric voltages,respectively originating from magnet impact on two separation friction materials and magnetic field repulsion-induced strain deformation of a piezoelectric sheet, are used as the synergistic sensing signals. To improve the output energy, a set of dualsegmented annular coils is designed in an electromagnetic generator, which greatly avoids the obstructive effect of the suspended magnet on the magnetic flux change at its end. Compared with a whole isochoric coil, it increases the output voltage by 78.3%.For the triboelectric sensing module, a silicone film with a large specific surface area is fabricated via 3D modification, which improves the output voltage by 29.4%. Furthermore, a pair of piezoelectric sensing modules is set to improve the accuracy of comparative sensing data. The experimental measurement shows that the device maintains a high sensitivity of 6.711 V(m s;);and excellent linearity of 0.991 in the range of 0–14 m s;. This work provides a practical strategy for the vibration monitoring of remote sensing towers and exhibits attractive potential in early warning and data analysis.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51705476 and 51975542)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFF0300605 and 2019YFF0301802)+1 种基金Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subject Construction(Grant No.1331KSC)Young Academic Leaders of North University of China(Grant No.QX201805)。
文摘To realize the high-efficiency acquisition of environmental mechanical energy,traditional triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)based on contact-separation consist of two separate triboelectric layers.Their large contact-separation gap increases the overall volume of the device,making it difficult to realize miniaturization and flexibility.This work,therefore,presents a fully enclosed all-in-one-shaped flexible TENG(FEAST)with an air cavity using rubber mixing and high-temperature vulcanization.The air pressure inside the enclosed air cavity facilitates effective contact-separation of the FEAST.The homogeneous integration between the triboelectric layer and the electrode layer enhances structural firmness without using extra spacer materials.The developed FEAST presents excellent mechanical durability even after 10000 cycles.By increasing the active contact area between the triboelectric materials,a maximum peak-peak output voltage,current,and power density of 130 V,1.1μA,and277 m W/m^(2),respectively,were obtained with an effective stress area of 1 cm2.Moreover,the fully enclosed structure ensures that the output performance is not affected by the external environment.The FEAST was fixed onto the sole of a shoe to demonstrate its applicability in harvesting mechanical energy from human motions.Overall,the developed method provides a simple approach for optimizing the structure of TENGs and is compatible with large-scale manufacturing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFB2004802, 2019YFF0301802, and2018YFF0300605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 51975542, 51975541 and 62101513)+2 种基金the Applied Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant Nos. 201901D211281,201801D121152 and 20210302124170)National Defense Fundamental Research ProjectProgram for the Innovative Talents of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi
文摘Ocean intelligent buoy is important for ocean environment monitoring.With the increase of requisite sensors and transportable data,a long power supply has become a problem to be solved urgently.In this work,a hybrid nanogenerator integrating triboelectric,piezoelectric,electromagnetic,photovoltaic,and thermotropic units is proposed to maximize ocean ambient energy harvesting,which includes static energy(solar and thermal energy)and dynamic energy(wave energy).Compared with a device with a single energy conversion mechanism,this structural design breaks the limit of harvesting time and natural conditions during the energy harvesting process,thereby increasing the harvested energy.Static energy harvesting is realized by the thermoelectric(TG)and photovoltaic(PV)units located inside the device and the PV unit attached to the device surface.Results show that the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 5 V and 41 mA in the external PV and 1.33 V and 49 mA in the internal PV under 30000 Lux illumination,respectively.The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the TG unit are 5 V and 15 m A,respectively.The core component of the dynamic generation unit is the gimbal used to harvest wave energy by the triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),piezoelectric generator(PENG),and electromagnetic generator.When the frequency is 2.4 Hz,the maximum peak-to-peak power of the TENG,PENG,and EMG are 0.25,1.58,and 13.8 mW,respectively.Finally,an intelligent ocean buoy is fabricated by the integration of an energy harvester,a power management circuit,sensors,a microcontroller,and a wireless communication module.Driven by static and dynamic energy,temperature signal,humidity signal,GPS signal,and sound signal are sent to the receiving terminal wirelessly.The ocean energy harvester proposed in this work is of great significance for ocean energy harvesting and ocean wireless monitoring systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos. 2019YFF0301802, 2019YFB2004802 and 2018YFF0300605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62101513,52175554, 51975542)+1 种基金the Applied Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant Nos. 201901D111146, 20210302124170)Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subject Construction (Grant No. 1331KSC)
文摘Tactile sensors are essential components of wearable electronic devices,but there are still various problems in terms of energy supply,flexibility and skin adaptability.In this paper,we report a self-powered flexible tactile sensor(FTS)mainly composed of a BaTiO_(3)/polyacrylonitrile/Ecoflex(BTO/PAN/Ecoflex)composite film,which can be used for dynamically monitoring human plantar pressure,posture and other physiological and motion parameters.Combining the synergistic piezoelectric properties of PAN and BTO,the output voltage/current of the BTO/PAN/Ecoflex composite film is 4.5/5.8 times that of the BTO/Ecoflex composite film,with maximum instantaneous power that can reach up to 3.375μW.Under the action of external pressure stress,the FTS can reach a normalized voltage sensitivity and voltage linearity of 0.54 V/N and 0.98,respectively.Furthermore,a human-machine interaction test system is built,which can display the stress changes of human body monitoring parts in real time according to voltage changes and different color assignments.The developed human-machine interaction test system provides a new idea for the diagnosis of flatfoot and other medical diseases.Hence,this work proposes new FTSs that use a BTO/PAN/Ecoflex composite film with high sensitivity and great output performance,thus exhibiting immense potential application prospects in medical research,personalized recognition and human-machine interaction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2019YFE0120300,2019YFF0301802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175554,62101513,51975542)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.201801D121152)Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subject Construction(Grant No.1331KSC)National Defense Fundamental Research ProjectResearch Project Supported by Shan Xi Scholarship Council of China(Grant No.2020-109)。
文摘The research on flexible pressure sensors has drawn widespread attention in recent years,especially in the fields of health care and intelligent robots.In practical applications,the sensitivity of sensors directly affects the precision and integrity of weak pressure signals.Here,a pressure sensor with high sensitivity and a wide measurement range composed of porous fiber paper and 3D patterned electrodes is proposed.Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with excellent conductivity were evenly sprayed on the fiber paper to form the natural spatial conducting networks,while the copper-deposited polydimethylsiloxane films with micropyramids array were used as electrodes and flexible substrates.Increased conducting paths between electrodes and fibers can be obtained when high-density micro-pyramids fall into the porous structures of the fiber paper under external pressure,thereby promoting the pressure sensor to show an ultra-high sensitivity of 17.65 kPa^(-1)in the pressure range of 0–2 kPa,16 times that of the device without patterned electrodes.Besides,the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 2.06 kPa^(-1)in an ultra-wide measurement range of 150 kPa.Moreover,the sensor can detect various physiological signals,including pulse and voice,while attached to the human skin.This work provides a novel strategy to significantly improve the sensitivity and measurement range of flexible pressure sensors,as well as demonstrates attractive applications in physiological signal monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62101513, 51975542)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 201901D111146)Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subject Construction (Grant No. 1331KSC)。
文摘The wind-induced vibration of a remote sensing tower is the key factor affecting the stability of image sensing and structural reliability. Monitoring the vibration of a long-time unattended tower is critical to its proper operation. Currently, most monitoring devices are supplied with wired power or battery, significantly limiting their practical applications in remote areas. In this paper,a self-powered vibration sensing device based on hybrid electromechanical conversion mechanisms is proposed. The device depends on a cylindrical magnetic levitation structure sensitive to ambient vibration for transferring mechanical energy and is taken as a dual-functional heterogeneous integrated system comprising electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric generators. When the device vibrates under environmental force driving, the suspension magnet reciprocates vertically and generates induced electromagnetic energy, which is used to power the device. Moreover, the triboelectric and piezoelectric voltages,respectively originating from magnet impact on two separation friction materials and magnetic field repulsion-induced strain deformation of a piezoelectric sheet, are used as the synergistic sensing signals. To improve the output energy, a set of dualsegmented annular coils is designed in an electromagnetic generator, which greatly avoids the obstructive effect of the suspended magnet on the magnetic flux change at its end. Compared with a whole isochoric coil, it increases the output voltage by 78.3%.For the triboelectric sensing module, a silicone film with a large specific surface area is fabricated via 3D modification, which improves the output voltage by 29.4%. Furthermore, a pair of piezoelectric sensing modules is set to improve the accuracy of comparative sensing data. The experimental measurement shows that the device maintains a high sensitivity of 6.711 V(m s;);and excellent linearity of 0.991 in the range of 0–14 m s;. This work provides a practical strategy for the vibration monitoring of remote sensing towers and exhibits attractive potential in early warning and data analysis.
