Background β-glucan is the major structure component of Candida albicans （C. albicans） cell wall. It has been demonstrated that Dectin-1 as the principal C-type lectin pattern-recognition receptor （PRR） can recog...Background β-glucan is the major structure component of Candida albicans （C. albicans） cell wall. It has been demonstrated that Dectin-1 as the principal C-type lectin pattern-recognition receptor （PRR） can recognize fungal β-glucan and induce immune responses. In this study, we sought to clarify whether insoluble β-glucan from the cell wall of C. albicans （CalG） could induce immune responses in human THP-1 monocytes （a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line） and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Methods Human THP-1 monocytes were challenged with CalG in vitro. The mRNA expression of Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors （TLR2）, proinflammatory cytokine （TNF-a） and chemokine （IL-8） was assayed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The secretion of TNF-a and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. H2O2 release was determined by microplate fluorescent assay. Western blotting was used to analyze IKB-a phosphorylation and degradation. Results Exposure of THP-1 monocytes to CalG led to increased gene expression and secretion of TNF-a and IL-8. CalG induced H2O2 release in a time-dependent manner. CalG hydrolyzed with zymolyase failed to induce gene expression and secretion of TNF-a, IL-8 and H2O2 release. CalG up-regulated the mRNA of Dectin-1, whereas the mRNA level of TLR2 was not altered. THP-1 monocytes challenged with CalG resulted in the activation of NF-KB in a time-dependent manner. Dectin-1 inhibitor laminarin blocked the CalG-induced production of TNF-a and H2O2 in THP-1 monocytes, but no such effect was observed in pretreatment with anti-TLR2 neutralizing antibody and the LPS inhibitor （polymyxin B）. Conclusion CalG may play a role in activation of immune responses in human THP-1 cells throuah Dectin-1, not TLR2.展开更多
Objective::To describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2018 and provide the essential evidences for leprosy control.Methods::We collected data of leprosy cases nationwide from Leprosy Manage...Objective::To describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2018 and provide the essential evidences for leprosy control.Methods::We collected data of leprosy cases nationwide from Leprosy Management Information System in China(LEPMIS)except Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan.And then we performed a descriptive and comparative analysis.Results::A total of 521 new leprosy cases were detected nationwide in 2018,with a case detection rate of 0.037/100,000.The proportion of children under 15 years of age,multi-bacillary(MB)cases,and cases with WHO grade 2 disability(G2D)were 1.3%,89.4%,and 19.0%,respectively.There were 2,479 registered cases of leprosy in China by the end of 2018,accounting for a prevalence rate of 0.178/100,000,with 43 replase cases.Southwest China separately accounted for 312/521(59.9%)newly detected cases and 1,180/2,479(47.6%)registered cases of leprosy in China.Conclusion::China is a low endemic country for leprosy and the detection rate was much lower than the global average.Southwest China is still the key regions for leprosy control,including Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan.In addition,leprosy in low endemic provinces also needs to be focused.展开更多
基金This work was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30671893）.
文摘Background β-glucan is the major structure component of Candida albicans （C. albicans） cell wall. It has been demonstrated that Dectin-1 as the principal C-type lectin pattern-recognition receptor （PRR） can recognize fungal β-glucan and induce immune responses. In this study, we sought to clarify whether insoluble β-glucan from the cell wall of C. albicans （CalG） could induce immune responses in human THP-1 monocytes （a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line） and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Methods Human THP-1 monocytes were challenged with CalG in vitro. The mRNA expression of Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors （TLR2）, proinflammatory cytokine （TNF-a） and chemokine （IL-8） was assayed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The secretion of TNF-a and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. H2O2 release was determined by microplate fluorescent assay. Western blotting was used to analyze IKB-a phosphorylation and degradation. Results Exposure of THP-1 monocytes to CalG led to increased gene expression and secretion of TNF-a and IL-8. CalG induced H2O2 release in a time-dependent manner. CalG hydrolyzed with zymolyase failed to induce gene expression and secretion of TNF-a, IL-8 and H2O2 release. CalG up-regulated the mRNA of Dectin-1, whereas the mRNA level of TLR2 was not altered. THP-1 monocytes challenged with CalG resulted in the activation of NF-KB in a time-dependent manner. Dectin-1 inhibitor laminarin blocked the CalG-induced production of TNF-a and H2O2 in THP-1 monocytes, but no such effect was observed in pretreatment with anti-TLR2 neutralizing antibody and the LPS inhibitor （polymyxin B）. Conclusion CalG may play a role in activation of immune responses in human THP-1 cells throuah Dectin-1, not TLR2.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703139)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS-2017-I2M-1–017)+1 种基金Innovation Research on Critical Diseases(2016ZX320014)The Netherlands Leprosy Relief(ILEPNR412.90.01).
文摘Objective::To describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2018 and provide the essential evidences for leprosy control.Methods::We collected data of leprosy cases nationwide from Leprosy Management Information System in China(LEPMIS)except Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan.And then we performed a descriptive and comparative analysis.Results::A total of 521 new leprosy cases were detected nationwide in 2018,with a case detection rate of 0.037/100,000.The proportion of children under 15 years of age,multi-bacillary(MB)cases,and cases with WHO grade 2 disability(G2D)were 1.3%,89.4%,and 19.0%,respectively.There were 2,479 registered cases of leprosy in China by the end of 2018,accounting for a prevalence rate of 0.178/100,000,with 43 replase cases.Southwest China separately accounted for 312/521(59.9%)newly detected cases and 1,180/2,479(47.6%)registered cases of leprosy in China.Conclusion::China is a low endemic country for leprosy and the detection rate was much lower than the global average.Southwest China is still the key regions for leprosy control,including Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan.In addition,leprosy in low endemic provinces also needs to be focused.
