UvSMEK1,a Suppressor of MEK Null,Regulates Pathogenicity,Conidiation and Conidial Germination in Rice False Smut Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens

Rice false smut,which is caused by Ustilaginoidea virens,is an emerging disease of rice spikelets in rice-growing areas worldwide.However,the infection mechanism of U.virens on rice spikelets is still unclear.Here,we characterized a suppressor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase or ERK kinase(MEK)null(UvSMEKI)in U.virens that is conserved among filamentous fungi.Compared with wild type U.virens strain P-1,UvSMEKI deletion mutants were defective in pathogenicity and conidial germination.In addition,conidiation of UvSMEKI deletion mutants was significantly reduced on yeast extract tryptone(YT)plates,but inc「eased in YT broth compared with the wild type.Compared with UvSMEKI expression level during the vegetative mycelia and conidiation stages,UvSMEKI dramatically increased during infection of rice florets.Surprisingly,the UvSMEKI deletion mutants exhibited higher tolerance to H_(2)O_(2) and NaCl.In summary,presented evidence suggested that UvSMEKI positively regulated pathogenicity,conidial germination and conidiation in YT broth,and negatively regulated conidiation on YT medium and tolerance to oxidative and osmotic stresses.The results enhanee our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of pathogenicity of U.virens,and present a potential molecular target for blocking rice infection by U.virens.

解淀粉芽胞杆菌Jt84防治水稻稻曲病田间应用技术研究

为了明确解淀粉芽胞杆菌Jt84防治水稻稻曲病田间应用技术,本文初步研究生防菌Jt84定殖规律以及不同喷施时期对水稻稻曲病的防效。结果显示:生防菌Jt84在水稻叶表能够有效定殖,7~16d时,叶表定殖菌量维持在10^(4) cfu/cm^(2),30 d仍可在水稻叶表检测到生防菌Jt84;生防菌Jt84防治水稻稻曲病的最佳防治时期为水稻叶枕平时期(旗叶与倒二叶的叶枕在同一处),田间试验表明在此时期防治,当解淀粉芽胞杆菌Jt84使用量为200~400 mL/667 m^(2)时,对水稻稻曲病防治效果为77.8%~89.5%。

Genome-Wide Identification of Zn_(2)Cys_(6 ) Class Fungal-Specific Transcription Factors(ZnFTFs)and Functional Analysis of UvZnFTFI in Ustilaginoidea virens

Transcription factors(TFs)orchestrate the regulation of cellular gene expression and thereby determine cell functionality.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of TFs containing domains,which named as ZnFTFs,both in ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi.We found that ZnFTFs were widely distributed in these fungal species,but there was more expansion of the ZnFTF class in Ascomycota than Basidiomycota.We identified 40 ZnFTFs in Ustilaginoidea virens,and demonstrated the involvement of UvZnFTF1 in vegetative growth,conidiation,pigment biosynthesis and pathogenicity.RNA-Seq analysis suggested that UvZnFTF1 may regulate different nutrient metabolism pathways,the production of secondary metabolites,and the expression of pathogen-host interaction genes and secreted protein-encodi ng genes.Analysis of the distributi on of differe nt fungal TFs in U.virens further dem on strated that UvZnFTFs make up a large TF family and may play essential biological roles in U.virens.

诸暨律师用英语讲“枫桥经验”,300名留学生点赞

“Good afternoon everybody.It is a great honor for me to make this little introduction to China’s laws,with the hope that every one of you could be‘safe and sound’during your stay in China.(大家下午好,非常荣幸为大家带来这次关于中国法律的小讲座,正如我课件题目所说,希望大家在华期间都能‘平安无虞’。)”11月28日下午,一堂全英文的中国法制课在绍兴文理学院河西校区举行,来听课的是绍兴文理学院的300多名留学生,授课老师是诸暨律师鲍国。

稻曲病菌转录因子UvZnFTF2参与稻曲病菌生长发育和致病性

转录因子通过调控生物体内不同基因的转录进而调控机体的生物学功能。ZnFTFs(Zn2Cys6class fungal-specific transcription factors)家族转录因子具有Zn_clus结构域和fungal_trans结构域,是一类真菌特异性转录因子。关于该转录因子在稻曲病菌中的作用及其机制报道较少。本研究分析了包含一个Zn_clus结构域和fungal_trans结构域的UvZnFTF2转录因子在稻曲病菌侵染不同时间点的转录表达模式,结果表明,在侵染3 d后,UvZnFTF2的表达开始上升,侵染7 d后下降。通过生物信息学分析发现,UvZnFTF2进化上与蝗缘殭菌(Metarhizium acridum)的ZnFTF2(KAG8424307.1)同源性最高。通过在稻曲病菌中沉默UvZnFTF2进行功能研究发现,UvZnFTF2沉默后,稻曲病菌菌丝生长和产孢量显著降低,并且致病性显著下降。RT-PCR分析表明,沉默UvZnFTF2后稻曲病菌中效应子SGP1的转录表达量显著低于野生型菌株。上述结果揭示了UvZnFTF2对稻曲病菌生长、发育和致病性的重要作用,为深入揭示稻曲病菌生长发育和致病分子机制奠定基础。

基层中医院中医药护理管理培训效果与满意度分析

目的:探究基层中医院中医药护理管理培训的效果及护理人员满意度,为基层地区进行中医药护理培训提供基础。方法:于2019年3~12月纳入医院132名护理人员作为研究对象,对纳入的研究对象进行分阶段中医药护理管理培训。比较培训前(3~4月)和培训后(5~12月)研究对象中医知识水平、中医药操作技能水平得分及参与人员满意度。结果:培训后护理人员中医药知识水平得分、护理人员中医药操作技能水平得分均高于培训前(P<0.05)。低年资护理人员培训满意度显著高于中高年资人员(P<0.05)。结论:基层中医院进行中医药护理管理培训能显著提高护理人员中医药知识技能,针对不同工作年限的人员应制定更具有针对性培训方案。