非对称弦测法中基于梯度下降的轨道不平顺复原方法

本研究提出了一种基于梯度下降的轨道不平顺复原方法。基于非对称弦测法理论,轨道不平顺的复原过程可描述为一个欠定线性系统的优化问题。本文提出采用梯度下降法求解该优化问题,采用了考虑正则项的二次型代价函数。为了评估所提出方法的性能,本研究搭建了一个轨道检测小车,并在一个缩尺桥梁模型上进行了现场试验。通过与水准仪测量值的比较,验证了基于梯度下降轨道不平顺复原方法具有良好精度。与传统的需要专门设计逆滤波器的轨道不平顺复原方法相比,本研究所提出的方法物理意义明确,只需基于非对称弦测法原理建立优化模型,这表明本方法在现场实测中具有良好的可操作性。此外,重复性评估表明,在调整不同的弦长以及多次重复测量时,本研究所提出的方法可复现一致的轨道不平顺结果,表明该方法具有良好的测量重复性。本研究所提出的方法可对轨道不平顺进行准确复原,为轨道平顺性状态及时有效评估提供数据支撑,进而保证列车运行的平稳与安全。

A novel refined dynamic model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system for random vibration and running safety assessment

Running safety assessment and tracking irregularity parametric sensitivity analysis of high-speed maglev train-bridge system are of great concern,especially need perfect refinement models in which all properties can be well characterized based on various stochastic excitations.A three-dimensional refined spatial random vibration analysis model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system is established in this paper,in which multi-source uncertainty excitation can be considered simultaneously,and the probability density evolution method(PDEM)is adopted to reveal the system-specific uncertainty dynamic characteristic.The motion equation of the maglev vehicle model is composed of multi-rigid bodies with a total 210-degrees of freedom for each vehicle,and a refined electromagnetic force-air gap model is used to account for the interaction and coupling effect between the moving train and track beam bridges,which are directly established by using finite element method.The model is proven to be applicable by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation.By applying the proposed stochastic framework to the high maglev line,the random dynamic responses of maglev vehicles running on the bridges are studied for running safety and stability assessment.Moreover,the effects of track irregularity wavelength range under different amplitude and running speeds on the coupled system are investigated.The results show that the augmentation of train speed will move backward the sensitive wavelength interval,and track irregularity amplitude influences the response remarkably in the sensitive interval.

Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

装配式建筑混凝土构件公差控制国内外标准分析

针对装配式混凝土构件的尺寸允许公差控制对装配式建筑施工的重要工程意义,分析了国内外装配式建筑标准中混凝土构件生产与安装阶段的构件尺寸允许公差异同,指出其差异体现为允许公差值与取值范围、公差配分形式、构件类型和尺寸大小等。结果表明:各标准对构件允许公差划分原则和方法不同,中国标准侧重于公差取值及范围,而国外标准兼顾了构件尺寸大小和构件类型等影响;中国国家标准对构件尺寸允许公差要求比行业和地方标准严格;既有装配式建筑公差标准缺乏公差确定准则和系统的全过程公差控制理论,各标准中未考虑公差累积和抵消效应,部分公差控制要求相互抵触。

干湿交替硫酸盐环境中混凝土耐久性研究进展

阐述了干湿交替硫酸盐环境中混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀类型、机理模型、损伤评判准则和试验制度方法等,剖析了混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀机理与耐久性退化特征。分析结果表明既有研究存在许多不足,主要体现为研究成果与实测结果偏离较大、模拟试验侵蚀机理失真、试验制度参数选取缺乏依据,既有侵蚀模型多基于经验获得,尚未提出合理的混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀评判准则和量化方法。此外,未探讨模拟试验和真实服役环境下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀间的相关性,试验结果的合理性和真实性值得商榷。

钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维陶粒混凝土与钢筋黏结锚固性能试验研究

为了研究钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维陶粒混凝土与变形钢筋的黏结锚固性能,克服陶粒混凝土韧性差及其与钢筋黏结性能不佳的缺陷,对16组不同混杂比的钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维陶粒混凝土试件进行中心拉拔试验,得到混杂纤维掺量对陶粒混凝土与钢筋黏结破坏形态、黏结强度以及黏结滑移曲线的影响规律。采用能量法量化评价混杂纤维对黏结滑移的影响,利用试验数据计算得到钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维陶粒混凝土与钢筋的临界锚固长度。结果表明:钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维陶粒混凝土拉拔试件的破环形态为拔出破坏,延性较好;黏结滑移曲线具有完整的上升段和下降段,钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混掺对黏结强度可产生正混杂效应,钢纤维对黏结性能的改善起主导作用,聚丙烯纤维次之;混杂纤维能大幅提升黏结滑移曲线的上升段及下降段能量吸收值,明显改善黏结韧性和变形能力;混杂纤维陶粒混凝土的临界锚固长度较未掺纤维时可减小23%;掺入钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维能显著改善陶粒混凝土与变形钢筋的锚固黏结性能,提高黏结延性,减小陶粒混凝土与变形钢筋的的锚固长度。

混凝土与各向同性岩石强度理论研究进展

强度理论是研究复杂应力状态下材料是否破坏的理论,该文总结了古典强度理论以及混凝土和各向同性岩石等两类现代强度理论,将各项同性现代强度理论分为剪应力强度理论、八面体强度理论与主应力强度理论。通过收集国内外已有相关三轴实验数据对各种主要强度理论进行论述、比较与评价,在此基础上对混凝土和各向同性岩石的主应力空间损伤比强度理论进行展望。

混凝土随机损伤本构模型研究新进展

综述了混凝土微观损伤机理与随机损伤本构模型研究现状,介绍了本课题组在混凝土随机损伤本构模型方面取得的研究进展:进行了考虑mode-Ⅱ微裂缝的微观损伤机理分析,提出并验证了混凝土随机损伤本构模型——束-链模型,发展了测定多轴受压混凝土损伤变量的X-射线CT方法。最后,得到了相关研究结论。

钢纤维混凝土多轴损伤比强度准则

以损伤比强度理论为基础,建立了钢纤维混凝土真三轴损伤比强度准则,并根据钢纤维混凝土试验资料,推荐了钢纤维混凝土损伤比变量表达式中的6个经验参数。利用钢纤维混凝土在单轴、双轴和三轴受力状态下的应力-应变曲线试验结果验证了损伤比取值合理性,对比了单轴受拉、单轴受压和双轴等压等典型受力状态下钢纤维混凝土和普通混凝土损伤比变量取值的差异。通过与国内外共104组钢纤维体积率为0.5%~2.5%的钢纤维混凝土三轴强度试验资料的比较,表明六经验参数钢纤维混凝土损伤比强度准则的三维破坏包络面接近已有认识;通过与国内外强度准则比较,表明损伤比强度准则与钢纤维混凝土三轴试验数据有较高的吻合度。对于围压三轴受力状态,提出简化的钢纤维混凝土常规三轴强度准则,并与已有常规三轴强度准则进行比较分析。此外,对于材料处于二轴受力,推荐了简化的损伤比二轴强度准则中的经验参数取值。

Probabilistic model and analysis of coupled train-ballasted track-subgrade system with uncertain structural parameters

Random dynamic responses caused by the uncertainty of structural parameters of the coupled train-ballasted track-subgrade system under train loading can pose safety concerns to the train operation.This paper introduced a computational model for analyzing probabilistic dynamic responses of three-dimensional(3D)coupled train-ballasted track-subgrade system(TBTSS),where the coupling effects of uncertain rail irregularities,stiffness and damping properties of ballast and subgrade layers were simultaneously considered.The number theoretical method(NTM)was employed to design discrete points for the multi-dimensional stochastic parameters.The time-histories of stochastic dynamic vibrations of the TBSS with systematically uncertain structural parameters were calculated accurately and efficiently by employing the probability density evolution method(PDEM).The model-predicted results were consistent with those by the Monte Carlo simulation method.A sensitivity study was performed to assess the relative importance of those uncertain structural parameters,based on which a case study was presented to explore the stochastic probability evolution mechanism of such train-ballasted track-subgrade system.

Stress redistribution of simply supported reinforced concrete beams under fire conditions

This study presents experimental and numerical investigations of simply supported steel reinforced concrete(RC)beams under fire.The temperature field of cross sections,the vertical deflection at mid-span,and specifically the axial expansion displacement at beam-ends were measured during the fire tests.A novel finite element(FE)model of a RC beam under fire was developed,in which the water loss in the heat transfer analysis and the concrete transient strain in the mechanical analysis were considered.Based on the validated FE model proposed in this study,parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the beam type,the protective layer thickness,and the load ratio on the thermal and mechanical behavior of simply supported RC beams.It was found that greater fire resistance and fire performance of girder beams in comparison to secondary beams contributed to the non-structural reinforcements,which effectively compensated for the reduced tensile capacities of structural reinforcements because of the degradation of the material properties.In addition,the history of normal stress distributions of concrete under fire can be divided into three phases:expansion,stress redistribution and plateau phases.

Novel dynamic test system for simulating high-speed train moving on bridge under earthquake excitation

China’s high-speed railways are always facing the potential damage risk induced by strong earthquakes.And the route design concept of“using bridge instead of embankment”has also greatly increased the probability of high speed trains moving on bridges when a strong earthquake happens.In the past decades,a bunch of theoretical and numerical studies have been conducted in the seismic dynamic field of high-speed railway.However,the effective dynamic test system for verifying the given method and theoretical results is still lacking.Therefore,a novel dynamic test system(DTS)consisting of a shaking table array and a train-pass-bridge reduced-scale model is proposed in this paper.Through some crucial technical problems discussion,the effectiveness of similar design scheme and the feasibility of reduced-scale DTS are elaborated,and then the detailed DTS structures are given and displayed as part-by-part.On this basis,the demonstration tests are conducted and compared with the numerical simulation.The results show that the proposed DTS is accurate and effective.Therefore,the DTS can provide a new physical simulation approach to study the high-speed train’s running safety on bridges under earthquakes and can also provide a reference for the construction of related systems.

临床医学检验专业的培养目标与教学思考

医学检验在疾病的预防、诊断和治疗过程中都具有重要的作用,是评估健康状况、监测诊疗过程的重要手段。医学检验专业的培养目标就是要培养高素质、能力强、有创新精神的实践应用型检验人才,使其符合新时代的检验要求。通过分析检验专业教学内容、考核方式方法等方面存在的问题,从改革实践教学、优选教学方法、优化考核评价体系、加强师资队伍建设、促进实践基地建设等方面寻求策略,提高学生的临床能力和就业竞争力。

Spontaneous Polymerization of An Amino Acid Based Amphiphile at Air/water Interface Investigated by ESI-MS and Transmission IR Spectrometry

Self-assemblies of amphiphilic molecules are proposed to play a ubiquitous role at the early stages of evolution in the formation of primitive biopolymers.[1]As regard to the significance of N-phosphoryl amino acids as a model for the co-evolution of protein and nucleic acids at the prebiotic stage,[2]amphiphilic N-phosphoryl amino acids with two hydrophobic tails were synthesized.

腺病毒肺炎白细胞、C反应蛋白及降钙素原的对比分析

目的比较分析腺病毒肺炎儿童中白细胞计数、C反应蛋白及降钙素原水平的差异变化,为腺病毒肺炎诊疗提供参考依据。方法选取2017年12月至2019年3月诊断为腺病毒肺炎的患儿87例,将其分为3型肺炎组(38例)和7型肺炎组(37例),轻症肺炎组(57例)和重症肺炎组(30例),分析比较组间白细胞计数、C反应蛋白及降钙素原浓度。结果 7型肺炎组白细胞计数显著低于3型肺炎组[分别为(8.9±4.4)×109/L、(13.4±6.3)×109/L,P<0.01],而降钙素原浓度显著高于3型肺炎组[分别为3.37(0.38,4.03)、0.18(0.11,0.75)ng/mL,P<0.01]。重症肺炎组C反应蛋白和降钙素原浓度都高于轻症肺炎组[分别为50.3(14.1,63.2)、26.4(3.0,34.0)mg/L;分别为3.99(0.92,5.04)、0.28(0.11,0.8)ng/mL)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 C反应蛋白和降钙素原浓度的升高与重症腺病毒肺炎密切相关,可以作为评估腺病毒肺炎病情的可靠指标。