林业社会化服务提高了农户林业生产效率吗?

为探究林业社会化服务对林业生产效率的影响,基于浙江省、福建省、江西省和湖南省738户农户调研样本,分别采用DEA方法、倾向得分匹配法(PSM)测算林业生产效率及林业社会化服务对林业生产效率的影响。结果表明:农户林业生产效率较低,90%以上的农户林业生产效率处于DEA无效,85.9%的DEA无效农户处在规模报酬递增阶段,适当扩大规模将会提高效率;林业社会化服务在整体上能显著促进林业生产效率,但不同的林业社会化服务对林业生产效率的影响程度存在差异。基于此,建议大力完善林业社会化服务体系,特别是林业生产服务体系,推动林业社会化服务专业化和精准化发展,支持和帮助农户提高林业生产水平和管理水平。

药用植物中萜类化合物改善胆汁淤积性肝损伤的作用及机制研究进展

胆汁淤积是由于多种因素导致胆汁生成、分泌异常或胆管梗阻引起胆汁流动障碍的一种病理状态。在胆汁淤积状态下,大量毒性胆汁酸潴留在肝细胞内,如果治疗不及时则会损伤肝脏和胆管细胞,甚至发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化,最终导致肝功能衰竭。研究发现,萜类化合物具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗纤维化等多种药理活性,能够有效缓解多种因素导致的胆汁淤积性肝损伤,有望成为治疗胆汁淤积性肝病的新型药物。本文阐述了近年来药用植物中萜类化合物对胆汁淤积性肝损伤的治疗作用及相关机制,为萜类化合物治疗胆汁淤积性肝病的临床应用和新药研发提供参考。

活血化瘀中药改善代谢相关脂肪性肝病的研究进展

随着人们生活习惯和饮食结构的变化,代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)逐渐成为世界范围内慢性肝脏疾病的主要原因,其临床发病率持续上升,相关药物的研究已经成为人们关注的热点。现代医学研究表明MAFLD与胰岛素抵抗、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激损伤、脂质代谢紊乱和炎症反应等多种病理表现相关。中医将痰浊和瘀血作为MAFLD的重要病因,以肝失疏泄、脾失健运和痰瘀互结为该病病机。临床上从活血化瘀的角度配伍用药,取得了较好的疗效。本文将对近年来活血化瘀中药治疗MAFLD的作用机制和临床研究进行归纳总结,为MAFLD的临床用药及新药研发提供参考和依据。

Desmethylbellidifolin protects against chronic alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating Akt-mTORC1 pathway mediated autophagy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of desmethylbellidifolin(DMB)in chronic alcoholic fatty liver disease.METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups.Control,metadoxine and DMB group(high dose and low dose)mice were fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 5%alcohol for six weeks.Pair-fed group mice were fed with a liquid diet containing the same calories.After treatment,serum GOT,GPT,TG and hepatic T-CHO,TG,GSH,GSH-Px,SOD and CAT levels were measured.Ectopic liver lipid deposition was determined by oil red O and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Lipid metabolism and autophagy related genes expression were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting.Electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope were used to detect autophagosome and autophagy flux.RESULTS DMB treatment markedly reduced serum TG,GOT and GPT levels in alcohol-induced mice,as well as hepatic levels of T-CHO,TG and MDA,while increased the GSH,GSH-Px,SOD and CAT levels in the liver.Oil red O and HE staining showed that the alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and hepatocyte morphology changes were significantly improved by DMB treatment.Mechanistically,the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and fatty acid synthase were significantly decreased,while lipolysis related hormone-sensitive lipase was elevated in mouse liver by DMB treatment.In addition,DMB could inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt and mTORC1,and activate autophagy process by inducing autophagy related genes expression,such as LC3,ATG5 and ATG7.Moreover,treatment with DMB notably increased the number of autolysosome and promote the autophagy flux,which may therefore induce the lipolysis and oxidation of lipids and prevent the alcohol-induced excessive lipid accumulation in the liver.CONCLUSION DMB exerts a protective role in alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the Akt-mTORC1 pathway mediated autophagy activation.

社会化服务、农地确权对农业生产效率的影响研究

随着农业社会化服务体系的不断完善和农地确权政策的实施,农户生产经营方式发生了改变,进而对农业生产效率产生影响。本文利用2018年江西省569个水稻种植户的实地调研数据,运用四阶段DEA-Tobit模型分析了社会化服务、农地确权对农业生产效率的影响。研究结果显示,江西省水稻种植户农业生产效率整体偏低,主要是纯技术效率较低导致;社会化服务促进了农业生产效率的提高,而农地确权则呈现相反的趋势;此外,社会化服务能够有效缓解农地确权对农业生产效率的不利影响;户主年龄、是否为村干部、农业设施价值以及地块数量对农业生产效率也存在显著影响。基于以上分析,为进一步提高农业生产效率,提出应完善社会化服务体系,扩大服务广度以及提高服务质量,同时继续落实农地产权政策,降低流转市场交易费用,促进农地流转,减少粗放经营等政策建议。