不同季节营养液定量管理对无土栽培迷你型萝卜生长和养分含量的影响

研究3个不同生长季低于最适营养液浓度的定量栽培对迷你型萝卜生长和养分含量的影响。试验设定3个处理:硝态氮浓度为500(T1)、400(T2)和300(T3)mg·株^(-1),分别为最适浓度的60%、50%和40%,在春、秋和冬3个生长季测定水培迷你型萝卜地上部和地下部生长、各部位养分和硝酸盐含量等。结果显示,春季各处理均达到商品质量,地下部鲜重最高为T1处理达到54.5 g,但秋、冬季地下部生长较春季缓慢,叶长显著增加。3个季节各处理地上部和地下部N、K、Ca等营养元素含量变化不大,但硝酸盐含量呈不规律变化,今后还有待进一步研究。综合考虑,适合无土栽培周年生产迷你型萝卜的最适硝态氮浓度为400 mg·株^(-1)。

冀西北清水河流域不同白桦林型土壤分形特征

为探明不同白桦林型土壤分形维数与土壤质地及土壤理化性质之间的关系,本研究选取冀西北清水河流域白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk)纯林、华北落叶松(Larix principis-ruppredhtii Mayr)×白桦混交林、山杨(Populus davidiana)×白桦混交林3种典型白桦林型,对林下土壤颗粒组成及养分进行测定,利用分形模型比较其土壤颗粒的分形特征,以及分形维数与土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明:(1)土壤分形维数介于2.388~2.563之间,3种白桦林型平均分形维数大小排序为:白桦纯林(2.474)>山杨×白桦混交林(2.453)>华北落叶松×白桦混交林(2.423)。(2)土壤分形维数随土层深度的增加呈增长趋势。(3)3种白桦林型林下土壤均为典型的粉砂壤土,土壤分形维数与粉粒和黏粒分别呈极显著与显著的正相关关系,而与极细砂粒则呈显著的负相关关系。(4)分形维数与土壤pH值呈显著正相关关系,而与有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量均为极显著负相关关系。针阔混交林(华北落叶松×白桦混交林)分形维数相比其他2种林型较低,土壤养分含量显著高于其他2种白桦林型。因此,土壤分形维数可以作为判断土壤质地与土壤养分差异的指标。

Community Structure and Seasonal Variation of Soil Arthropods in the Forest-Steppe Ecotone of the Mountainous Region in Northern Hebei,China

Soil fauna have been receiving more and more attention because they play an important role in nutrient cycling.However,there is a lack of information on soil arthropods in the forest-steppe ecotone in the mountainous region of northern Hebei,which makes it difficult to meet the need of protecting biodiversity in this area.Soil arthropod communities were investigated in the forest-steppe ecotone in northern Hebei province to provide basic information on changes in mountain soil fertility,which could promote the development of soil arthropod communities in mountain ecotones.From the preliminary identification,a total of 7994 individual soil arthropods were collected,which belonged to 25 groups,6 classes and 24 orders.Acarina,Hymenoptera and Collembola were the dominant groups in the ecotone.The number of Acarina was higher than Collembola,and this phenomenon was obviously different from other areas in the same climate zone.The increased abundance of rare groups in the Forest zone with the richer vegetation,higher arthropod abundance and more substantial litter depth,could be interpreted as a reaction to the suitable soil environment and food supply.And these rare groups were sensitive to environmental changes,which could be regarded as biotic indicators for evaluating soil quality.The analysis of community diversity showed that the abundance index (d),the Shannon-Wiener index (H'),the evenness index (J) and the density-group index (DG) were significantly higher in the forest zone,lower in the forest-steppe zone,and lowest in the meadow-steppe zone.Seasonal variations in community composition correlated with changes in average air temperature and precipitation in this ecotone.Groups and individuals of soil arthropod communities in the three zones were present in greater numbers in the middle of the rainy season than in the early or late periods of the rainy season as a whole.At the same time,seasonal changes in soil arthropod communities from different plots were also influenced by habitat condition.

海藻多酚类化合物及其抗氧化活性研究进展

海藻多酚类化合物是来自海藻的次级代谢产物,种类较多,具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌以及抗炎等生物活性,广泛应用在食品、化妆品和药品等领域。文中简要综述了海藻多酚类化合物的分类及其抗氧化活性,概述了其抗氧化的作用机制和影响因素,旨在为海藻多酚的开发利用提供依据。

基于最佳分析粒度的崇礼区林地景观格局分析

林地是河北省张家口市崇礼区最主要的生态系统类型,其优劣决定着2022年冬奥会崇礼赛区区域景观结构和格局均衡与否,进而影响当地的生态环境。该研究利用ArcGIS和Fragstats软件,对比景观指数随粒度变化效应,确定最佳分析粒度,并对崇礼区林地景观结构特征和景观格局进行研究。结果表明:景观面积指数、最大斑块占景观面积比例指数、香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数和分离度指数具有明显的粒度效应,林地景观格局的最佳分析粒度为30 m。1)崇礼区乔木林地景观百分比最大(44.14%),辅林地最小(0.11%),不同林地类型景观面积百分比大小排序为乔木林地>荒山地>特灌林地>未成林地>未封林地>沙荒地>疏林地>无立木林地>辅林地。2)斑块数量、斑块密度、边缘密度、景观形状指数均为乔木林地最大,周长-面积分维数辅林地最大(1.55)。3)乔木林地的分布最为集中,分离度指数最小,为397.49;沙荒地的连通性最弱,聚合度指数最大,为88.99%;蔓延度指数为64.66%,表明多种斑块类型呈密集分布格局。4)林地景观香农多样性指数为1.17,香农均匀度指数为0.53。崇礼区林地各景观类型破碎化严重,异质性、分布均匀程度和连接度均较低,景观多样性水平整体较低。