不同建群种下多穗柯作为伴生树种的适应性分析

以野生多穗柯为对象进行每木检尺,研究以木荷、苦槠、杉木为建群种,多穗柯作为伴生树种的生长状况,结果表明:多穗柯常作为伴生树种出现,其适应性因建群种的不同而有所差异,不同建群种对多穗柯的树高、胸径、枝下高、冠幅、材积生长具有显著性影响,在杉木下种植多穗柯,其树高生长量最大(7.40m),苦槠次之(6.15m),木荷最小(5.51m);3类建群种与多穗柯胸径、冠幅生长具有相关性,在杉木下种植表现最佳,木荷次之,在苦槠下种植表现最差;然而,苦槠建群种下的多穗柯枝下高最大(2.76m),与木荷、苦槠下种植的多穗柯相比,杉木下的多穗柯具有更多的材积量,比前两者分别增加了35.33%、31.65%。因此,在人工林种植中,应选择多穗柯与杉木混交,以构造人工林近自然经营模式。

Evaluation and Selection of Introduced Tree Species in the Beijing-Tianjin Corridor

Based on the extensive analysis of natural and social conditions,regional development,and characteristics of tree species in the Beijing-Tianjin corridor,a comprehensive evaluation index system that consists of A,B,C,D layers was established for introduced tree species.Nine local representative introduced tree species were evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The results showed that Platanus orientalis,Quercus mongolicus,and Zizyphusjujube performed better comprehensively and were recommended as the dominant introduced tree species in the Beijing-Tianjin corridor.Other representative introduced tree species should be appropriately developed in the region.Main factors that should be taken into account for introduced tree species including drought tolerance,wintering habit,growth rate,leanness tolerance,pollution tolerance,saline tolerance,and disease resistance.

Water Purification Capacity of Four Kinds of Aquatic Plants in the Upper Reaches of Luanhe River

Under artificially simulated conditions, the water purification effects of Lythrum salicaria, Typha minima, Scirpus validus, Iris wilsonii and their configurations were studied. The results showed that various aquatic plants and their configurations showed purification effects for total nitrogen(TN), nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^-), total phosphorus(TP), orthophosphate(PO_4^(3-)) and chemical oxygen demand(COD) in water body, and the purification effects of aquatic plant configurations were better than those of single ones. Regression analysis was conducted for dynamics of various water quality indicators. The removal rates of TN and COD within 50 d by the combination of L. salicaria and I. wilsonii were 73.83% and 77.4%, respectively, with the best purification effect; the removal rate of NO_3^- within 20 d by the combination of S. validus and I. wilsonii was 89.41%; and the combination of S. validus and I. wilsonii showed the best removal effect for TP and PO43-, of which the 50-d removal rates were 88.98% and 92.39%, respectively. Reasonable choice of local aquatic plants and their optimal combinations can be applied in the improvement of water quality of rivers.

Categorized Analysis of Forest Ecological Values in the China’s Conversion Cropland to Forest Program

The China’s Conversion Cropland to Forest Program(CCFP)is one of the largest national ecological construction programs,which has effectively improved ecological environment and produced large ecological benefi t.To provide references for further improving ecological benefi t of CCFP,we analyzed the features,differences and relationships of the categorized forest ecological“benefi t value”(B-V)s in 3 kinds of forest restoration ways in different regions in CCFP,using the data of Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network(CFERN)from 1999 to 2013 and the methods of the national standards of(LY/T1606-2003),(LY/T1721-2008)and(LY/T1952-2011).The result showed that annual B-Vs of unit area varied in the range of 3.5-10.0 e4 RMBs/hm2·a.Water conservation B-Vs and species conservation B-Vs are the 2 largest constituents,nutrient accumulation B-V was the least in total B-Vs.The B-Vs performed inconsistently among the forest restoration ways and different regions.The rank of average annual total B-Vs of unit area from high to low was“hillside forest conservation”,“returning cropland to forest”,“afforestation on suitable barren hills and wasteland”.Species conservation B-Vs and water conservation B-Vs in southern regions were higher than that of northern and northwestern regions in China.The hot and rainy regions could produce higher species conservation B-Vs.The regression analysis indicated that water conservation B-Vs had signifi cantly positive correlation with the relevant total B-Vs and positive correlation with the relevant atmosphere purification B-Vs whether in regional or in unit area scale.Unit area species conservation B-V was negatively correlated with the relevant nutrient accumulation B-Vs except the way of“afforestation on suitable barren hills and wasteland”.Regional total species conservation B-Vs had signifi cantly negative correlation with its relevant nutrient accumulation B-Vs except“hillside forest conservation”way.We suggest that suitable forest restoration ways must be selective according to the regional specifi c,B-V features and local ecological goals.

苏醒前利多卡因膀胱冲洗减轻麻醉恢复期导尿管刺激的临床观察

2019年5—9月采用前瞻性研究方法,将郴州市第一人民医院麻醉科全身麻醉苏醒前的60例45~65岁、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级男性患者,随机分为L组和C组,均为30例,在患者苏醒前L组采用100 mg利多卡因+生理盐水共20 ml、C组采用生理盐水20 ml行膀胱冲洗,夹闭5 min放开,观察患者清醒是否有尿意,尿道刺激感评分,无意识抓导尿管行为,出现尿管相关躁动以及需要补救用药的情况。L组尿道刺激评分(1.94±0.15)分,有尿意者2例,无意识抓导尿者1例,未发生躁动及补救用药情况,C组分别为(3.95±0.69)分,有尿意者12例,无意识抓导尿者10例、躁动者6例,补救用药12例。提示,麻醉苏醒前期使用利多卡因进行膀胱冲洗可以减轻麻醉苏醒期导尿管相关刺激的症状。