动态血压监测在老年高血压诊治中的临床意义

目的:研究24 h动态血压监测在老年高血压诊治中的临床意义。方法:对871例高血压患者和380例正常血压者进行偶测血压、24 h动态血压监测和心脏超声检查,分析偶测血压与24 h动态血压在两组病人中的区别,超声左室指数与血压的关系。结果:①偶测收缩压显著高于24 h平均收缩压;②高血压组血压及血压负荷均明显大于对照组;③随着血压的升高左室肥厚的检出率显著增加;④动态血压监测结果和左室质量指数显著相关。结论:动态血压监测较偶测血压更能反映血压对心脏靶器官的影响,有助于判断高血压程度、指导高血压的治疗。

浅析黄土隧道洞内施工环境特征

为揭示黄土隧道施工环境特征及警醒相关人员能够重视工程建设者的职业健康问题。文章以S25静宁至天水高速公路静宁至庄浪段项目南湖隧道为研究对象,采用空气质量检测仪、噪声计、温度计等检测仪器采集了隧洞内相关环境特征数据,并详细分析了粉尘浓度、噪声、温度、亮度、工作时长特征。分析显示:隧道内粉尘浓度严重超标;噪声值远超于对人体神经系统损坏的界限值;二衬和开挖台车上方温度较高;隧道内施工亮度较低以及部分工序连续施工时间较长。最后,提出了改善隧道内施工环境对人体健康的措施,其研究成果能够为探讨工程建设者的职业健康以及改善隧道施工环境提供数据支撑。

Modes of occurrence and pre-concentration of rare earth elements in No.17 coal in Liupanshui coalfield,China

Rare earth elements(lanthanide and yttrium,abbreviated as REY) provide important support for national security,energy production,environmental protection and economic growth.In recent years,many studies have shown that the content of REY in some coal or coal by-products is close to or even higher than that in traditional REY ore,which makes coal a potential source of REY.This study took the No.17 coal of Panzhou mining area in Liupanshui coal field as the research object,and the content and occurrence modes of REY in raw coal and 7 density fraction samples were studied.The results show that the content of REY in the raw coal reaches 220.67 μg/g,which is significantly higher than the average REY content in the world coal and Chinese coal as reported in the literature.Gravity separation has a certain pre-enrichment effect on REY and the fraction sample> 1.8 g/cm~3 has the highest REY of 426.27 μg/g(equal to rare earth oxide 0.1%).Study on correlation between REY and ash yields reveals that the organic affinity of the light rare earth is higher than that of the medium rare earth and the heavy rare earth.As shown by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray flouresence spectroscopy(XRF),the major minerals in coal are kaolinite,quartz and calcite,and the content of REY in coal is significantly related to Al,Si and kaolinite,which implies that REY occur mainly in kaolinite.Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy(LA-ICP-MS) was adopted to determine chemical composition of micro-zone in kaolinite in coal and the results show that there is no obvious correlation between REY and the contents of Al and Si.This indicates that the REY occur probably in the form of adsorption.The research results provide a scientific reference for the potential extraction of the associated REY in the coal.

The evolution of prehistoric arrowheads in northern China and its influential factors

Prehistoric projectile weapons are crucial for understanding the hunting behavior,survival strategies,and subsistence patterns of prehistoric humans.Arrowheads were the primary prehistoric projectile weapon,and here we review the spatiotemporal distribution and changes in the morphology,quantity,and materials composition of arrowheads in the northern regions of China from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods to the Bronze Age,together with the factors that influenced these changes.The results reveal that primitive stone arrowheads appeared sporadically in the Middle Paleolithic period.Additionally,the“broad spectrum revolution”and microblade technology during the Upper Paleolithic promoted the regional-scale diffusion of broad and thick stone arrowheads in northern China.During the Neolithic period,relatively narrow and thin stone and bone arrowheads spread rapidly across the entire Yellow River Basin and most of northeastern China.The dominance of these two types of arrowheads alternated,during the period of 7000–5000 yr BP,the number of arrowheads peaked,possibly closely related to changes in the role of hunting(fishing and hunting)and gathering in the subsistence economy,human population size,and the emergence and development of a grinding technology.During the Bronze Age,a significant number of bronze arrowheads appeared,and the total number of arrowheads increased again,and their distribution expanded to northwestern China.The emergence of a bronze smelting technology and inter-group conflicts may have been the primary factors influencing this trend.Our results demonstrate that arrowheads were always an essential component of prehistoric tool kits.Due to technological developments in subsistence strategies,the morphology,function,and popularity of arrowheads underwent substantial changes during different periods.Therefore,a comprehensive study of prehistoric arrowheads can help better understand the subsistence patterns and processes of economic and societal development of prehistoric humans.

Engineered protein and Jakinib nanoplatform with extraordinary rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a relatively common inflammatory disease that affects the synovial tissue,eventually results in joints destruction and even long-term disability.Although Janus kinase inhibitors(Jakinibs)show a rapid efficacy and are becoming the most successful agents in RA therapy,high dosing at frequent interval and severe toxicities cannot be avoided.Here,we developed a new type of fully compatible nanocarriers based on recombinant chimeric proteins with outstanding controlled release of upadacitinib.In addition,the fluorescent protein component of the nanocarriers enabled noninvasive fluorescence imaging of RA lesions,thus allowing real-time detection of RA therapy.Using rat models,the nanotherapeutic is shown to be superior to free upadacitinib,as indicated by extended circulation time and sustained bioefficacy.Strikingly,this nanosystem possesses an ultralong half-life of 45 h and a bioavailability of 4-times higher than pristine upadacitinib,thus extending the dosing interval from one day to 2 weeks.Side effects such as over-immunosuppression and leukocyte levels reduction were significantly mitigated.This smart strategy boosts efficacy,safety and visuality of Jakinibs in RA therapy,and potently enables customized designs of nanoplatforms for other therapeutics.

Engineered protein nanodrug as an emerging therapeutic tool

Functional proteins are the most versatile macromolecules.They can be obtained by extraction from natural sources or by genetic engineering technologies.The outstanding selectivity,specificity,binding activity,and biocompatibility endow engineered proteins with outstanding performance for disease therapy.Nevertheless,their stability is dramatically impaired in blood circulation,hindering clinical translations.Thus,many strategies have been developed to improve the stability,efficacy,bioavailability,and productivity of therapeutic proteins for clinical applications.In this review,we summarize the recent progress in the fabrication and application of therapeutic proteins.We first introduce various strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy via bioengineering and nanoassembly.Furthermore,we highlight their diverse applications as growth factors,nanovaccines,antibody-based drugs,bioimaging molecules,and cytokine receptor antagonists.Finally,a summary and perspective for the future development of therapeutic proteins are presented.

Fabrication and near-infrared optical responses of 2D periodical Au/ITO nanocomposite arrays

Two-dimensional(2D) periodical Au and indium tin oxide(ITO) nanocomposite arrays have been fabricated based on a self-assembled nanosphere lithography technique. A button-shaped Au nanoparticle was formed on each hollow hemisphere-shaped ITO shell. Importantly, the underlying formation mechanism during the thermal treatment has been thoroughly explored by comparing structures resulting from different deposition conditions in detail. Compared to the Au nanoparticle arrays without ITO shells, the Au/ITO nanocomposite arrays showed a stronger localized surface plasmon resonance effect and higher absorption in the near-infrared(NIR) region, benefiting from the free-electron interaction enhancement between Au and ITO. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated using a modified femtosecond intensity-scan system, and the results demonstrated Au/ITO nanocomposite arrays with a remarkable two-photon absorption saturation effect for femtosecond pulses at 1030 nm. The versatile NIR optical responses indicate the great potential of the elaborately prepared 2D periodical Au/ITO nanocomposite arrays in many applications such as solar cells, photocatalysis,and novel nano optoelectronic devices.

Layer-modulated two-photon absorption in MoS2:probing the shift of the excitonic dark state and band-edge

Questions hovering over the modulation of bandgap size and excitonic effect on nonlinear absorption in twodimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have restricted their application in micro/nano optical modulator, optical switching, and beam shaping devices. Here, degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) in the near-infrared region was studied experimentally in mechanically exfoliated MoS2 from single layer to multilayer. The layer-dependent TPA coefficients were significantly modulated by the detuning of the excitonic dark state (2p). The shift of the quasiparticle bandgap and the decreasing of exciton binding energy with layers were deduced, combined with the non-hydrogen model of excitons in TMDCs and the scaling rule of semiconductors. Our work clearly demonstrates the layer modulation of nonlinear absorption in TMDCs and provides support for layer-dependent nonlinear optical devices, such as optical limiters and optical switches.

Hydrothermal synthesis, structures and properties of metal phosphonates based on m-xylylenediphosphonic acid

In this work, a series of new metal phosphonates were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized based on m-xylylenediphosphonic acids(H4L), including[M(H2L)(bpy)](M = Mn 1, Co 2), [MH2L)(phen)](M = Co3, Cu 4), and [Cu2(H2L)2(bpy00)2] 5(bpy = 2,20-bipyridine,phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bpy00= 4,40-dimethyl-2,20-bipyridine). X-ray diffraction indicated that compounds 1 and2 were isomorphic. Complexes 3 and 4 were shown to crystallize in different space groups but had similar crystallographic units. In the complexes, H4 L was seen to partially deprotonate to afford H2L2-. The H2L2-ligands in 1–4functioned as tetradentate ligands with each phosphonate group adopting bidentate coordination mode with two M centers to generate a 2D layer. In addition, the H2L2-anions in5 functioned as tridentate ligands with one phosphonate group adopting the bidentate mode and another phosphonate group adopti ng the monodentate mode, thus linking three Cu atoms to provide a 1D chain. The IR and thermal stabilities of these compounds were subsequently examined.

Superior comprehensive properties of LaFe_(11.8)Si_(1.2)/Ce_(60)Co_(40) magnetocaloric composites

LaFe_(11.8)Si_(1.2)/Ce_(60)Co_(40) composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering and subsequent diffusion annealing.A novel core-shell structure is observed with the LaFe11.8Si1.2 particles as the core and the(La,Ce)_(2)(Fe,Co,Si)_(17)(2:17)phase as the shell.As diffusion annealing time(t_(a))increases,this core-shell structure is replaced by the formation of the(La,Ce)_(1)(Fe,Co,Si)_(13) phase.Annealing at 1323 K for 12 h results in samples with(-ΔSM)^(max) of 9.30 J/(kg·K)(Δμ0H=2 T),good mechanical properties((σbc)^(max)=402 MPa,ε=4.21%)and thermal conductivity of 8.7 W/(m·K).Thus,bulk composites with excellent comprehensive properties for magnetic refrigeration are obtained in this work.