环渤中凹陷挥发性原油特征及其主控因素

为研究环渤中凹陷挥发性原油特征、成藏主控因素和有利区带,利用原油族组分、原油物性、PVT高压物性实验分析等技术手段,对渤中凹陷及围区多个油田和含油气构造的原油组分和物性特征进行了统计分析,明确了渤中凹陷挥发性原油“五高三低”的特征以及各特征的数值范围。基于多组分相态变化的机理分析认为,渤中凹陷易于发育挥发性原油油藏的主控条件有3个:①优质烃源岩经过较高的热演化能够为挥发性原油提供轻质烃类组分;②渤中凹陷埋深较大,高温高压能够满足挥发性原油赋存的条件;③渤中凹陷快速沉降形成的区域泥岩盖层是挥发性原油能够保存的有利条件。基于渤中凹陷的温压梯度,推测渤中凹陷及围区埋深在2.5~4.3 km且有区域泥岩封盖的地层中易于发现挥发性油藏。

渤海海域渤中凹陷中生界火山机构地质模式及建造过程

精细刻画火山机构对火山岩储层预测十分重要。渤海海域中生界发育多类火山机构,且受后期改造强烈,目前缺乏对该区火山机构类型、结构及建造过程的系统研究。利用岩心、测井及地震资料,将渤海海域中渤中凹陷生界火山机构分为熔岩穹丘、复合层火山、火山碎屑岩席及盾状火山4种类型。分别刻画了这4种火山机构内部喷发单元及岩性、岩相构成,建立了地质模型,并概括形态特征及内部结构建立了4种火山机构对应的建造过程示意图。其中,熔岩穹丘具有高纵/横比,由厚层酸性熔岩构成,内部一般为块状构造;复合层火山在该盆地内分布范围广、规模大,外部形态为丘状,但纵/横比小于熔岩穹丘,内部岩性复杂,多为熔岩和火山碎屑岩互层构成的层状结构;盾状火山为平缓的低丘状外形,主要由基性岩组成,其岩浆黏度低、流动范围较大,所以形成的机构规模大,内部多为席状构造;火山碎屑岩席为席状及充填状,纵/横比极小,内部为多期喷发叠加形成的层状结构。此外,通过对比不同火山机构的物性,发现研究区熔岩穹丘及复合层火山的储层物性最好,火山碎屑岩席次之,盾状火山最差;熔岩穹丘及复合层火山机构可作为后续有利油气勘探目标。

渤海蓬莱20-2油田原油物性差异及成因

通过对渤海蓬莱20-2油田原油物性和色谱-质谱等实验数据进行成藏综合分析与研究,探讨新近系馆陶组原油物性差异及成因。蓬莱20-2油田原油具有高密度、高黏度、低硫、低蜡和低凝固点的稠油特征,油田南区的原油物性呈现出优于北区和东区的特点。南区的原油来自庙西南洼沙三段烃源岩的贡献,其成熟度较低;而北区和东区的原油分别来自渤东凹陷沙三段和庙西北洼沙一段烃源岩的贡献,其成熟度均较高。油田区原油物性差异的主要原因是原油中蜡组分具有相对较强的抗降解能力,其蜡组分形成的有利条件是来自热演化程度较低、藻类来源丰富的富烃凹陷贡献。

渤西伸展背景下先存-新生断裂体系特征及控藏作用

渤海西部发育NE、NW、EW向3组断裂体系,NE、NW向断裂形成了复杂的共轭断裂体系,断裂系统的复杂性直接影响了区内油气差异富集。在区域应力场特征研究基础上,基于伸展背景下先存共轭-新生断裂物理模拟实验,对先存构造控制下新生断裂体系特征及控藏作用进行了研究。研究区深、浅部构造的耦合是"区域应力场、先存基底形态"共同决定的,地幔热活动对区域应力场的影响更加明显,并导致区内主要以伸展作用为主。先存断裂在近SN向斜向伸展作用下,断裂选择性复活。先存构造走向与区域伸展作用力方向的差异,导致同一断层不同段的应力性质存在不同,并直接影响油气的聚集与保存。先存断裂与近SN向拉伸方向的夹角越大,断裂的伸展分量越强,以拉张作用为主,有利于油气浅层聚集,反之,则走滑分量增强,以走滑作用为主,有利于深层油气保存。

渤海海域变质岩风化壳发育特征及其储层定量预测

随着渤海油田锦州25-1南、锦州20-2以及渤中26-2等风化壳型油气田的相继发现,以及近两年渤中19-6千亿方大气田的重大勘探突破,元古−太古宇变质岩逐步成为渤海海域潜山勘探层系的重点之一。为了研究渤海变质岩潜山风化壳的发育特征并建立其储层预测方法,通过对典型潜山取心、薄片、测井、常量元素以及物性资料分析,划分了变质岩潜山的风化壳纵向结构,明确了风化壳发育差异的控制因素,并以5项因素灰关联系数为介质,采用Q型聚类法对储层级别进行了优劣排序。研究结果表明:变质岩风化壳可以划分为5个纵向结构,其发育程度明显受岩性、构造和保存条件等因素的影响,其中,被前人忽视的上覆沉积环境作为风化壳的保存条件意义重大。对11口已钻井风化壳进行变量因子归类,由好到差划分了Ⅰ−Ⅳ4个储层级别。利用该方法在渤中19-6风化壳预测中的应用效果较好。

断裂凸面脊的刻画及“源-断-圈”耦合的控藏作用:以庙西南凸起南侧边界为例

为研究庙西南凸起南侧断阶带油藏油气差异分布规律,快速寻找油气高丰度区,结合该区油气成藏期,新建立了一套适用于研究区断裂高效输导效率的确定方法。通过新采集处理的三维地震资料,结合已有的钻井和测井资料,从几何学和运动学方面对该构造的4条边界断裂进行精细刻画研究,结果表明F1和F2断裂不存在凸面脊,且油气成藏期活动速率小,不利于油气向上输导;F3断裂在油气成藏期最大活动速率达106 m/Ma,并与断裂凸面脊重合,油气输导效率较高;F4断裂存在的凸面脊在油气成藏期活动速率为63 m/Ma,油气高效输导效率次之。最后结合烃源岩和断圈配置的关系,确定F3断裂具有较好的"源-断-圈"耦合关系,对应的W圈闭具有较大可能成为油气高丰度区块。该方法不仅在渤海秦皇岛33构造区和旅大16构造区的勘探中得到了较好的应用,而且也将为渤海地区下一步浅层油气的勘探提供重要的参考意义。

Texture and tectonic attribute of Cenozoic basin basement in the northern South China Sea

Based on the drilling data,the geological characteristics of the coast in South China,and the interpretation of the long seismic profiles covering the Pearl River Mouth Basin and southeastern Hainan Basin,the basin basement in the northern South China Sea is divided into four structural layers,namely,Pre-Sinian crystalline basement,Sinian-lower Paleozoic,upper Paleozoic,and Mesozoic structural layers.This paper discusses the distribution range and law and reveals the tectonic attribute of each structural layer.The Pre-Sinian crystalline basement is distributed in the northern South China Sea,which is linked to the Pre-Sinian crystalline basement of the Cathaysian Block and together they constitute a larger-scale continental block—the Cathaysian-northern South China Sea continental block.The Sinian-lower Paleozoic structural layer is distributed in the northern South China Sea,which is the natural extension of the Caledonian fold belt in South China to the sea area.The sediments are derived from southern East China Sea-Taiwan,Zhongsha-Xisha islands and Yunkai ancient uplifts,and some small basement uplifts.The Caledonian fold belt in the northern South China Sea is linked with that in South China and they constitute the wider fold belt.The upper Paleozoic structural layer is unevenly distributed in the northern South China.In the basement of Beibu Gulf Basin and southwestern Taiwan Basin,the structural layer is composed of the stable epicontinental sea deposit.The distribution areas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the southeastern Hainan Basin belong to ancient uplifts in the late Paleozoic,lacking the upper Paleozoic structural layers.The stratigraphic distribution and sedimentary environment in Middle-Late Jurassic to Cretaceous are characteristic of differentiation in the east and the west.The marine,paralic deposit is well developed in the basin basement of southwestern Taiwan but the volcanic activity is not obvious.The marine and paralic facies deposit is distributed in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin basement and the volcanic activity is stronger.The continental facies volcano-sediment in the Early Cretaceous is distributed in the basement of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southeastern Hainan Basin.The Upper Cretaceous red continental facies clastic rocks are distributed in the Beibu Gulf Basin and Yinggehai Basin.The NE direction granitic volcanic-intrusive complex,volcano-sedimentary basin,fold and fault in Mesozoic basement have the similar temporal and spatial distribution,geological feature,and tectonic attribute with the coastal land in South China,and they belong to the same magma-deposition-tectonic system,which demonstrates that the late Mesozoic structural layer was formed in the background of active continental margin.Based on the analysis of basement structure and the study on tectonic attribute,the paleogeographic map of the basin basement in different periods in the northern South China Sea is compiled.