Application of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) in resolution of metabolism pattern of higher alcohols in rat plasma

Higher alcohols are key factors affecting sensory quality and post-drinking comfort of alcoholic beverages. A strategy combining solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPE-GC-MS) was established to analyze the metabolism pattern of higher alcohols in rat plasma after gavage of 4 common alcoholic beverages including huangjiu, baijiu, wine and brandy. 7 mL of dichloromethane was determined as the optimal extraction condition, and 8 higher alcohols were precisely quantified with detection limits of 1.82-11.65 μg/L, recoveries of 89.07%-110.89% and fine repeatability. The fastest absorption and elimination rates of plasma total higher alcohols were observed in baijiu and huangjiu group, respectively, and the highest peak concentration was found in brandy group. Additionally, the metabolic rate of plasma isoamyl alcohol in huangjiu group was faster than that in wine group at the same intragastric administration dosage. This study may provide potential insight for evaluation of alcoholic beverage quality.

Quantitative analysis of Cefpodoxime Proxetil raw material and dry suspension using proton nuclear magnetic resonance

This study established a simple,rapid,and accurate nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)quantitative method to determine the cefpodoxime proxetil content in raw materials and dry suspensions,and evaluated the uncertainty.The relative content of cefpodoxime proxetil iso-A and iso-B was also analyzed based on 1H NMR.In this study,an internal standard method was used,with DMSO-d6 as the solvent and maleic acid and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene as internal standards,to calculate the concentration of the samples.Quantitative analysis was performed using both the traditional quantitative NMR(traditional qNMR)and the quantitative Global Spectral Deconvolution(qGSD)method.The linearity range,quantitation limit,precision,robustness,and accuracy of these quantitative analysis methods were validated.The results indicated that both internal standards and integration methods met the requirements of the“9101 Guidelines for Analytical Method Validation”in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Compared to the traditional qNMR,qGSD has unique advantages in accurate quantitative analysis in complex systems.By using the combined HPLC-SPE-NMR technique,cefpodoxime proxetil iso-A and iso-B were enriched and analyzed,and their NMR data were accurately assigned.The quantitative analysis results were in line with the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

反应温度对N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐二元共聚物结构及性能的影响

以N-苯基马来酰亚胺(N-PMI)、马来酸酐(MAH)为单体,过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯(TBPB)为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法在80～120℃合成了新型耐热改性剂N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐二元共聚物(NMA)。通过核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱对NMA进行了结构表征,证明在80～120℃之间均能制备NMA二元共聚物;采用凝胶渗透色谱法、碱液滴定法、热重分析及差示扫描量热分析对NMA二元共聚物相对分子质量、马来酸酐含量及热性能进行了分析。结果表明,当合成温度为110℃时,NMA的相对分子质量最高,相对分子质量分布最均一,热稳定性最佳;且NMA的玻璃化转化温度(Tg)随着合成温度的升高呈下降趋势。故当合成温度为110℃时,有助于N-PMI均聚结构转换为与MAH共聚结构,得到NMA二元共聚物。

Wasserstein GAN-Based Small-Sample Augmentation for New-Generation Artificial Intelligence: A Case Study of Cancer-Staging Data in Biology

It is essential to utilize deep-learning algorithms based on big data for the implementation of the new generation of artificial intelligence. Effective utilization of deep learning relies considerably on the number of labeled samples, which restricts the application of deep learning in an environment with a small sample size. In this paper, we propose an approach based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) combined with a deep neural network (DNN). First, the original samples were divided into a training set and a test set. The GAN was trained with the training set to generate synthetic sample data, which enlarged the training set. Next, the DNN classifier was trained with the synthetic samples. Finally, the classifier was tested with the test set, and the effectiveness of the approach for multi-classification with a small sample size was validated by the indicators. As an empirical case, the approach was then applied to identify the stages of cancers with a small labeled sample size. The experimental results verified that the proposed approach achieved a greater accuracy than traditional methods. This research was an attempt to transform the classical statistical machine-learning classification method based on original samples into a deep-learning classification method based on data augmentation. The use of this approach will contribute to an expansion of application scenarios for the new generation of artificial intelligence based on deep learning, and to an increase in application effectiveness. This research is also expected to contribute to the comprehensive promotion of new-generation artificial intelligence.

Smart Manufacturing and Intelligent Manufacturing:A Comparative Review

The application of intelligence to manufacturing has emerged as a compelling topic for researchers and industries around the world.However,different terminologies,namely smart manufacturing(SM)and intelligent manufacturing(IM),have been applied to what may be broadly characterized as a similar paradigm by some researchers and practitioners.While SM and IM are similar,they are not identical.From an evolutionary perspective,there has been little consideration on whether the definition,thought,connotation,and technical development of the concepts of SM or IM are consistent in the literature.To address this gap,the work performs a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research literature to systematically compare inherent differences of SM and IM and clarify the relationship between SM and IM.A bibliometric analysis of publication sources,annual publication numbers,keyword frequency,and top regions of research and development establishes the scope and trends of the currently presented research.Critical topics discussed include origin,definitions,evolutionary path,and key technologies of SM and IM.The implementation architecture,standards,and national focus are also discussed.In this work,a basis to understand SM and IM is provided,which is increasingly important because the trend to merge both terminologies rises in Industry 4.0 as intelligence is being rapidly applied to modern manufacturing and human–cyber–physical systems.

反离子聚合聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)薄膜的热电性能研究进展

反离子的选择对电化学聚合聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)薄膜的结构和热电性能的影响备受关注,在已报道的聚合物薄膜中,PEDOT:聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PSS)、PEDOT:甲苯磺酸盐(Tos)、PEDOT:高氯酸(ClO_(4))和PEDOT:三氟甲磺酸酯(OTf)等被广泛研究。文中综合分析了不同类型反离子对PEDOT薄膜热电性能的应用研究,重点阐述了PEDOT:PSS和PEDOT:Tos提高热电性能的工艺方法,PEDOT:PSS薄膜具有高电导率、可水处理和热稳定性高等特点,二次掺杂、化学去掺杂和连续处理工艺能有效提高其热电性能,但是PSS有亲水性的限制;而Tos具有疏水性,且PEDOT:Tos薄膜能够有效平衡赛贝克系数和电导率的关系;其它的PEDOT:ClO_(4)和PEDOT:OTf等薄膜对热电性能也起到了一定的促进作用。最后,展望了反离子聚合PEDOT薄膜作为柔性热电器件和可穿戴电子器件的开发和实际应用。对进一步研究新的反离子聚合具有一定的参考价值。

A developed dual-site Langmuir model to represent the high-pressure methane adsorption and thermodynamic parameters in shale

Comprehending the mechanism of methane adsorption in shales is a crucial step towards optimizing the development of deep-buried shale gas. This is because the methane adsorbed in shale represents a significant proportion of the subsurface shale gas resource. To properly characterize the methane adsorption on shale, which exhibits diverse mineral compositions and multi-scale pore sizes, it is crucial to capture the energy heterogeneity of the adsorption sites. In this paper, a dual-site Langmuir model is proposed, which accounts for the temperature and pressure dependence of the density of the adsorbed phase. The model is applied to the isothermals of methane adsorption on shale, at pressures of up to 30 MPa and temperatures ranging from 40 to 100 ℃. The results show that the proposed model can describe the adsorption behavior of methane on shale more accurately than conventional models, which assume a constant value for the density of adsorbed phase. Furthermore, the proposed model can be extrapolated to higher temperatures and pressures. Thermodynamic parameters were analyzed using correctly derived equations. The results indicate that the widely used, but incorrect, equation would underestimate the isosteric heat of adsorption. Neglecting the real gas behavior, volume of the adsorbed phase, and energy heterogeneity of the adsorption sites can lead to overestimation of the isosteric heat of adsorption. Furthermore, the isosteric heat evaluated from excess adsorption data can only be used to make a rough estimate of the real isosteric heat at very low pressure.

Ensemble kernel method：SVM classification based on game theory

With the development of the support vector machine（SVM）,the kernel function has become one of the cores of the research on SVM.To a large extent,the kernel function determines the generalization ability of the classifier,but there is still no general theory to guide the choice and structure of the kernel function.An ensemble kernel function model based on the game theory is proposed,which is used for the SVM classification algorithm.The model can effectively integrate the advantages of the local kernel and the global kernel to get a better classification result,and can provide a feasible way for structuring the kernel function.By making experiments on some standard datasets,it is verified that the new method can significantly improve the accuracy of classification.

Bloodletting puncture and cupping as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancer-related lymphedema in female adults: A non-randomized controlled pragmatic trial

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of bloodletting puncture and cupping in relieving breast cancer-related lymphedema.Methods:We conducted a non-randomized controlled study at the Galactophore Department of the 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from March 2013 to December 2014.Seventy-five patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer-related lymphedema were divided into two groups in accordance with the patients' treatment choices:the treatment group (n =50) underwent bloodletting puncture and cupping every 5 days for 15 min/session (one session per day) combined with exercise training once a day for 30 minutes;the control group (n =25) underwent the same exercise training alone.Evaluation indexes were measured before and after treatment;these included arm circumference (at the wrist crease,10 cm distal to the wrist crease,the elbow crease,and 10 cm distal to the elbow crease)and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain.The safety of the treatment was also evaluated.Results:The treatment period was 50 days for all 75 patients.At the end of the treatment period,the mean reduction in arm circumference was 1.21 (0.65) cm the treatment group,and 0.58 (0.78) cm in the control group.Compared with the control group,the treatment group had a significantly greater reduction in arm circumference (P =.03) and a significantly lower VAS score for pain (P =.01).No patient in either group experienced any adverse events.Conclusion:Bloodletting puncture and cupping effectively reduces arm circumference and relieves upper limb pain in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema.Our results provide sufficient basis for exploring cupping as long-term therapy for managing breast cancer-related lymphedema.

Metal ions-bridged J-aggregation mediated nanoassembly composition for breast cancer phototherapy

Recently, the highly ordered J-aggregates of organic dyes with intriguing optical properties have received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Herein, binary metal ions Mn(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) are used to induce the formation of indocyanine green(ICG) J-aggregates.Further, the sheet-like J-aggregates are able to act as "carriers" for loading hydrophobic chemotherapeutic gambogic acid(GA), realizing the effect of "killing two birds with one stone" for both treatment and delivery. The as-designed nanoassembly is formed spontaneously in aqueous environment via π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic force, exhibiting enhanced photostability of ICG and outstanding reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation ability. Moreover, significant inhibition of tumor growth by the synergetic effect of phototherapy and chemotherapy is verified in a subcutaneous4T1 tumors model. In conclusion, this work not only presents a facile and green approach to manufacture carrier-free nanodrugs, but also establishes a universal platform that has potential application in the co-delivery of near-infrared dye and hydrophobic molecules.

Early surveillance of rice bakanae disease using deep learning and hyperspectral imaging

Bakanae disease,caused by Fusarium fujikuroi,poses a significant threat to rice production and has been observed in most rice-growing regions.The disease symptoms caused by different pathogens may vary,including elongated and weak stems,slender and yellow leaves,and dwarfism,as example.Bakanae disease is likely to cause necrosis of diseased seedlings,and it may cause a large area of infection in the field through the transmission of conidia.Therefore,early disease surveillance plays a crucial role in securing rice production.Traditional monitoring methods are both time-consuming and labor-intensive and cannot be broadly applied.In this study,a combination of hyperspectral imaging technology and deep learning algorithms were used to achieve in situ detection of rice seedlings infected with bakanae disease.Phenotypic data were obtained on the 9th,15th,and 21st day after rice infection to explore the physiological and biochemical performance,which helps to deepen the research on the disease mechanism.Hyperspectral data were obtained over these same periods of infection,and a deep learning model,named Rice Bakanae Disease-Visual Geometry Group(RBD-VGG),was established by leveraging hyperspectral imaging technology and deep learning algorithms.Based on this model,an average accuracy of 92.2%was achieved on the 21st day of infection.It also achieved an accuracy of 79.4%as early as the 9th day.Universal characteristic wavelengths were extracted to increase the feasibility of using portable spectral equipment for field surveillance.Collectively,the model offers an efficient and non-destructive surveillance methodology for monitoring bakanae disease,thereby providing an efficient avenue for disease prevention and control.

Metal-Decorated Porous Organic Polymers:Bridged the Gap between Organic and Inorganic Scaffolds

Advanced functionalization-decorated porous organic polymers(POPs)are emerging as a prominent research focus,spanning from their construction to applications in gas storage and separation,catalysis,energy storage,electrochemistry,and other areas.Furthermore,the inherent organic nature,tailored pore structures,and adjustable chemical components of POPs offer a versatile platform for the incorporation of various metal active sites.Meticulously designed molecular building blocks can serve as organic ligands uniformly distributed throughout POPs,leading to the effective isolation of inorganic metal active sites at the molecular level.In this manner,POPs containing active metal centers bridge the gap between organic and inorganic scaffolds.This review aims to provide an overview of recent research progress on metal-decorated POPs,focusing on strategies for incorporating metal active sites into POPs and their applications in adsorption,separation,catalysis,and photoelectrochemistry.Finally,current challenges and future prospects are discussed for further research.

MOF-derived Cu based materials as highly active catalysts for improving hydrogen storage performance of Mg-Ni-La-Y alloys

Higher initial(de)hydrogenation temperature and sluggish kinetics are the main bottlenecks to develop Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys with high hydrogen capacity.One of the effective methods of solv ing these problems is introducing additives to enhance(de)hydrogenation kinetics and decrease par ticle sizes to lower(de)hydrogenation temperatures.In this work,Mg85-Ni10-La4.5-Y0.5 alloy doped with Cu@C nanoparticles is prepared,which could enhance(de)hydrogenation kinetics via introducing Cu nanoparticles as a catalyst and reduce the alloy particle sizes via acting as a grinding agent to lowe(de)hydrogenation temperature.The results indicate the dehydrogenation temperature of the modified Mg85-Ni10-La4.5-Y0.5 composite could be decreased to 308.5℃,absorb 4.73 wt%H_(2)at 220℃ within1 min and release 5.01 wt%H_(2)within 4 min at 300℃.Moreover,the capacity retention could be main tained around 98.8%after 10 cycles at 300℃,superior than those of Mg85-Ni10-La4.5-Y0.5 and milled Mg85-Ni10-La4.5-Y0.5.DFT results and characterizations suggest that in-situ formed Mg_(2)Cu could acceler ate the dissociation of Mg-H bonds and the presence of amorphous carbon in Mg-Ni-La-Y-Cu system wil further synergistically improve the(de)hydrogenation kinetics of Mg85-Ni10-La4.5-Y0.5.Reduced particle sizes under the aid of carbon frameworks also help introduce boundaries of the particles and shorten hydrogen diffusion pathways.

The Multifaceted Impact of Education on Fertility:Unpacking the"BASIC"Effects in China

Research is increasingly showing that the impact of education on fertility can result in various and sometimes conflicting outcomes.Using data from the China General Social Survey,this study investigates this issue by exploring five channels(the five"BASIC"effects-base,ambition,spouse,income,and concept effects)through which education might influence diferent fertility behaviors.Using the number of Confucian temples in a region as an instrumental variable for education and employing the two-stage least squares estimation,the results indicate that after taking into account the BASIC effects,the impact of education on actual fertility behavior-both the number of children and the decision to have children-becomes insignificant.However,the negative influence of education on fertility intentions persists.This suggests that,although an increase in the level of education may reduce people's desire to have children,the actual fertility behavior can be influenced more by factors such as individual work status(the base effect)and personal expectations(the ambition effect).These findings provide new insights to assist China to optimize its population policy further,helping policymakers to understand better how education affects fertility choices and to formulate more precise population development strategies.

Dynamic changes of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis during microglial activation and motor neuron loss in the spinal cord of ALS mouse model

Background:Neuron-microglia communication plays a crucial role in the motor neurons(MNs)death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).Neurons can express chemokine(C-X3-C motif)ligand 1(CX3CL1),which mediates microglial activation via interacting with its sole receptor CX3CR1 in microglia.In the present study,we aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis during microglial activation and MNs loss in SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS.Methods:qPCR,western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to examine the mRNA and protein levels and localization of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in the anterior horn region of spinal cord in both SOD1G93A mice and their agematched wild type(WT)littermates at 40,60,90 and 120 days of age.The M1/M2 microglial activation in the spinal cord tissues of SOD1G93A mice and WT mice were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining of M1/M2 markers and further confirmed by qPCR analysis of M1/M2-related cytokines.Results:The immunofluorescent staining revealed that CX3CL1 was predominately expressed in MNs,while CX3CR1 was highly expressed in microglia in the anterior horn region of spinal cord.Compared with age-matched WT mice,CX3CL1 mRNA level was elevated at 40 days but decreased at 90 and 120 days in the anterior horn region of spinal cords in ALS mice.Consistently,CX3CR1 mRNA level was increased at 90 and 120 days.Western blot assay further confirmed the dynamic changes of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in ALS mice.Additionally,the levels of M1/M2 markers of microglia and their related cytokines in the anterior horn region of spinal cord in ALS mice were increased at 90 and 120 days.Moreover,while M1-related cytokines in ALS mice were persistently increased at 120 days,the upregulated M2-related cytokines started to decline at 120 days,suggesting an altered microglial activation.Conclusions:Our data revealed the dynamic changes of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and an imbalanced M1/M2 microglial activation during ALS pathological progression.These findings may help identify potential molecular targets for ALS therapy.

Recent Progress in Non-motor Features of Parkinson’s Disease with a Focus on Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease,which manifests with both motor and non-motor symptoms.Circadian rhythm dysregulation,as one of the most challenging non-motor features of PD,usually appears long before obvious motor symptoms.Moreover,the dysregulated circadian rhythm has recently been reported to play pivotal roles in PD pathogenesis,and it has emerged as a hot topic in PD research.In this review,we briefly introduce the circadian rhythm and circadian rhythm-related genes,and then summarize recent research progress on the altered circadian rhythm in PD,ranging from clinical features to the possible causes of PD-related circadian disorders.We believe that future comprehensive studies on the topic may not only help us to explore the mechanisms of PD,but also shed light on the better management of PD.

土壤中聚乙烯降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性

【目的】农用地膜主要成分为聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE),因其难以被降解,其废弃物常造成"白色污染",本研究从常年覆盖农用地膜的土壤中筛选PE降解菌,并探究其对PE制品的降解效能。【方法】采集的土壤样品用PE为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基进行富集,筛选、纯化PE降解菌,分离菌通过形态染色、生理生化特征、16S rRNA基因序列分析进行鉴定,检测其在不同PE浓度(0%、0.05%、0.10%、0.25%、0.50%、1.00%、2.00%、3.00%)的无机盐培养基中的生长曲线,最后通过扫描电镜、光镜观察,检测分离菌对农用地膜的降解效能。【结果】从土壤中筛选获得一株能够降解PE的分离菌株(命名为SW1),初步鉴定其为放线菌的诺卡氏菌属Nocardia sp.。SW1的生长对PE具有明显浓度依赖,在含2%PE的无机盐培养基中生长最快,在培养的第48 h菌液浓度开始明显增加,第60 h达到最大,而在不含PE的无机盐培养基中未见生长。形态生理学观察表明,35°C培养15d后,扫描电镜观察可见有大量菌嵌入膜内或附于膜表面生长,膜表面粗糙,并开始出现破损;培养60 d后,光镜观察可见膜大面积破损,并出现空洞。【结论】从土壤中筛选获得了一株能够有效降解PE制品的放线菌菌株Nocardia sp. SW1。该研究丰富了PE制品降解微生物的菌种资源,为PE塑料废弃物的生物降解提供了科学数据与参考。

Parameter optimization for torsion spring of deployable solar array system with multiple clearance joints considering rigid–flexible coupling dynamics

In this paper,four novel evaluation indices and corresponding hierarchical optimization strategies are proposed for a deployable solar array system considering panel flexibility and joint clearance.The deployable solar array model consists of a rigid main-body,two panels and four key mechanisms,containing torsion spring mechanism,closed cable loop mechanism,latch mechanism and attitude adjustment mechanism.Rigid and flexible components are established by Nodal Coordinate Formulation and Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation,respectively.The clearance joint model is described by nonlinear contact force model and amendatory Coulomb friction model.The latch time,stabilization time,maximum contact force and impulse sum of the contact force of the solar array system are selected as the four novel evaluation indices to represent the complex dynamic responses of a deployable solar array with clearance joints instead of the lock torque widely used in conventional works.To eliminate the gross errors caused by the nonlinear and nonsmooth mechanical properties,a hierarchical optimization strategy based on an adaptive simulated annealing algorithm and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is adopted for the solar array system with clearance joints.Results indicate that the effects of panel flexibility on the evaluation index responses and design optimization of the solar array system cannot be neglected.Besides,increasing the weight factor of the stabilization time index of the rigid system may compensate for the differences in optimal results of the rigid–flexible coupling system.That may provide some references for optimization design of deployable space mechanisms considering clearance joints.

Distributed vibration control of a large solar power satellite

To deal with the vibration problem of the solar power satellite(SPS),the distributed vibration control approach is investigated in this paper.Taking the Multi-Rotary joints SPS as the research objective,the control unit(CU)and the location relationship matrix are rstly de ned for distributed controller design according to the con guration of SPS.The dynamic model of each CU is therefore established based on the nite element method.The dynamic model of the whole SPS structure is then developed using the CU models,and is updated along with on-orbit assembly.The distributed cooperative controller,using proportional and di erential feedback and the interaction feedback among adjacent CUs,is proposed to suppress vibration.The close-loop distributed cooperative control system is then achieved by integrating all distributed controllers,and the asymptotic stability is proofed by the Lyapunov's stability theorem.To verify the feasibility of the proposed control system,three numerical cases are nally presented.The results demonstrate that the distributed cooperative controllers can e ectively suppress vibration during on-orbit assembly and operation after assembly,and the closed-loop system has good fault tolerance.

Exosome-mimicking nanovesicles derived from efficacy-potentiated stem cell membrane and secretome for regeneration of injured tissue

Translation of exosome-based therapies to pharmaceutical use is hindered by difficulties in large-scale and cost-effective production of clinical-grade exosomes.The rational design of nanovesicles that mimic the functionalities and physicochemical properties of exosomes may circumvent these issues.In this study,membranes and secretome from efficacy-potentiated mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)were developed into size-controllable nanovesicles(Meseomes).MSCs were primed with interferon-y(IFNy)and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNFa),harvested,and exosome-mimicking Meseomes were subsequently synthesized via one-step extrusion.Meseomes demonstrated significant enhancement of pro-angiogenic,pro-proliferative,antiinflammatory,and anti-fibrotic effects on endothelial cells,macrophages,and hepatic stellate cells in vitro.Meseomes from primed MSCs benefited from an enrichment of bioactive and therapeutic molecules compared to nanovesicles from unprimed MSCs,as validated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)proteomic analysis.Systemic administration of Meseomes to acute liver injury models resulted in the recovery of liver function,attenuated tissue necrosis.Further assessment of locally administered Meseomes in acute hindlimb ischemia models resulted in the salvage of the majority of the ischemic hindlimb(>80%),which was due to enhanced angiogenesis and M2 macrophage polarization.The versatility and therapeutic efficacy of our developed acellular Meseomes offer an appealing alternative to traditional cell or exosome therapies for regenerative and translational medicine.