飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射光谱测温研究进展

当今世界大约90%的能量供应都是由燃烧生成的。在燃烧场中,火焰的温度影响着场中各种组分链式反应的途径和浓度,获取燃烧场温度信息可以为提高燃料燃烧效率,改进燃烧装置的设计提供重要的支撑依据。随着我国在航空、航天和航海这类高端制造业领域的不断发展,各种大型燃气轮机和超声速发动机的研发进入加速期,此类燃烧装置产生的火焰具有高温、高压、湍流超声速和持续时间短等特点。传统的接触式测温法难以对这类湍流燃烧场进行温度测量,近年以激光光谱法为代表的非接触式测温技术逐渐走向成熟,并获得了广泛地应用。与超短脉冲相结合的飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射光谱测温技术凭借可提供高时间分辨率(每秒可提供上千个测温数据)、高测温精度和高测温灵敏度等优势而被应用到各种高温、湍流等复杂燃烧场景温度诊断中。文章概述了飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射测温技术的基本原理,综述了该技术在稳态火焰、加热气体、模拟燃气轮机等燃烧环境中测温工作的研究进展,简要介绍了飞秒时间分辨相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱的研究和应用,着重介绍了可以实现毫秒量级时间分辨率的飞秒啁啾探测脉冲相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射测温技术和混合飞秒/皮秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射测温技术的基本原理和应用进展。指出了三种测温技术的优缺点,并提出飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射测温技术目前需要关注并解决的技术问题,主要为在高温高压湍流燃烧等极端条件下实现高精度CARS光谱高保真反演出温度信息,以及高温高压湍流燃烧场极端条件下如何获得高信噪比CARS信号的问题。展望了今后的发展趋势:通过高时间分辨的测量,获得湍流火焰中温度的瞬时演化规律,并建立各种复杂火焰的温度演化信息数据库,为研究各种发动机机理提供支撑。

γδT细胞的抗肿瘤免疫治疗研究进展

γδT细胞自发现以来,一度被研究学者忽视,甚至被认为是进化史上的"残留物"。随着研究的深入,人们发现γδT细胞数量虽少,但功能强大且全面,在免疫治疗方面更是突出,尤其在肿瘤免疫,感染免疫,自身免疫功能调节,修复损伤等方面的功能及临床治疗价值更是重要。近年来,肿瘤免疫治疗已经展现了独树一帜的运用价值和运用前景,以免疫靶向点治疗、"过继性免疫治疗"、肿瘤疫苗等为首的免疫治疗迅速进步并获得一定临床效果,是目前研究的一大热点,本文以"肿瘤免疫治疗"为立脚点,综述γδT细胞的免疫学特性,活化及抗肿瘤机制,以及在治疗肿瘤治疗方面的研究进展。

中医药信息化面临的困境和对策分析

通过分析目前中医药信息化发展过程存在的中医药数据库建设信息维度与深度不足、中医药自身存在的数据化局限、中医药病例库建设的困境以及中医药信息化进程难以一蹴而就等问题,从建立利用率更高的中医药文献库、借助监督学习及深度学习建立和完善相关中医药标准以及进一步完善病理病例库大数据系统和深化中医药智能进程等方面探讨了相应的对策建议。

Hepatic retinaldehyde deficiency is involved in diabetes deterioration by enhancing PCK1-and G6PC-mediated gluconeogenesis

Type 2 diabetes(T2D) is often accompanied with an induction of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1(RALDH1 or ALDH1A1) expression and a consequent decrease in hepatic retinaldehyde(Rald)levels. However, the role of hepatic Rald deficiency in T2D progression remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that reversing T2D-mediated hepatic Rald deficiency by Rald or citral treatments, or liverspecific Raldh1 silencing substantially lowered fasting glycemia levels, inhibited hepatic glucogenesis,and downregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1(PCK1) and glucose-6-phosphatase(G6PC)expression in diabetic db/db mice. Fasting glycemia and Pck1/G6pc mRNA expression levels were strongly negatively correlated with hepatic Rald levels, indicating the involvement of hepatic Rald depletion in T2D deterioration. A similar result that liver-specific Raldh1 silencing improved glucose metabolism was also observed in high-fat diet-fed mice. In primary human hepatocytes and oleic acidtreated HepG2 cells, Rald or Rald + RALDH1 silencing resulted in decreased glucose production and downregulated PCK1/G6PC mRNA and protein expression. Mechanistically, Rald downregulated direct repeat 1-mediated PCK1 and G6PC expression by antagonizing retinoid X receptor a, as confirmed by luciferase reporter assays and molecular docking. These results highlight the link between hepatic Rald deficiency, glucose dyshomeostasis, and the progression of T2D, whilst also suggesting RALDH1 as a potential therapeutic target for T2D.

In vivo perfusion staining of atherosclerotic lesions and a novel quantification method for lesion size in sequential aortic root sectioning in murine models

Objectives To develop a simple, accurate and reproducible method, which combines macro and histopathological techniques for determining the degree of lipid deposition in genetically modified mice. Method The entire aortas from C57BL/6, ldlr-/- and apoE-/- mice were stained with Sudan IV using either in vivo perfusion or traditional in vitro enface staining techniques. Histological sections of aortic root and hearts were embedded in tissue freezing medium and cut with a cryostat, then stained with Oil Red O. The calculated aortic root area based on the aortic root circumference was used to reduce measurement errors. Results The in vitro en face staining can stain all fat, which include the adventitial tissue around aorta. However the in vivo perfusion staining can specifically stain the fatty deposition inside of aorta. Both entire aorta and aortic root section staining showed that there was a highly significant increase in fatty deposition in the aortas of the genetic modified mice. Although all mice genetic background was same, the apoE-/- mice had larger atherosclerotic lesions than ldlr-/- mice. Conclusions The new in vivo peffusion method is more accurate than the in vitro en face method. The combination of these macro and microscopic techniques overcomes the shortcomings of the earlier published methods which are generally limited to the measurement of fatty red staining areas only, neglecting non-specific adventitial fat staining around aorta and aortic root section tissue distortion.

巴彦淖尔市赏石文化的发展与产业推进的研究

一、赏石文化的历史渊源千百年来,赏石已经成为了一种独特的艺术和文化门类,并且在不断的创新和发展,深受人们的喜爱,越来越走向了大众人群。赏石文化发端于秦,兴盛于唐,成熟于宋。宋代赏石文化成为一种相对独立的艺术门类,当时出现了赏石专著(杜绾的《云林石谱》)。元史《百宫记》中记载元朝设"玛瑙玉局",采集玛瑙玉石,加工为把玩件,有的作为贡品进献朝廷,赋予其文化内涵。