电解/过滤处理高锰地下水实验研究

由于锰的氧化还原电位较高,传统工艺在去除地下水中锰离子大多存在效果不稳定等缺陷,为了使锰离子去除更加经济高效,实验研究了电解/过滤处理高锰地下水的技术的有效性,实验结果表明电解过程及产生的中间产物促进了锰离子的氧化进程,可以实现对地下水中锰离子的高效去除。

Analysis of large datasets for identifying molecular targets in intestinal polyps and metabolic disorders

Background:The interrelation between intestinal polyps,metabolic syndrome(MetS),and colorectal cancer(CRC)is a critical area of study.This research focuses on pinpointing potential molecular targets to understand the link between intestinal polyp formation,metabolic irregularities,and CRC progression.Methods:We examined clinical samples from patients with intestinal polyps coexisting with MetS and compared them with samples from patients with standard intestinal polyps.Transcriptome sequencing and public database analysis were employed to identify significant pathways and genes.These targets were then validated through immunohistochemistry(IHC).Following the RNA interference of key target expression,a series of experiments,including the cell counting kit-8 assay,colony formation,wound healing,and Transwell assays,were conducted.Results:Comparative analysis revealed 75 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the MetS polyp group vs.the control.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment suggested these DEGs were primarily associated with cell cycle and mitosis.Integration with comparative toxicogenomics database(CTD)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)databases highlighted 44 key CRC-related genes.Protein interaction networks indicated connections of purkinje cell protein 4(PCP4),olfactomedin 1(OLFM1),fibronectin 1(FN1),and transforming growth factor beta 3(TGF-β3)with the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.Tumor correlation studies suggested higher risk associations with FN1,PCP4,and TGF-β3,while OLFM1 was identified as a lower risk gene.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in OLFM1 in MetS-associated intestinal polyps.Upon interference with OLFM1 in polyp epithelial cells,there was a significant enhancement in cell proliferation,colony formation,and cell migration and invasion capabilities.Conclusion:Our study highlights a significant decrease in OLFM1 expression in MetS-associated intestinal polyps.And,this reduction in OLFM1 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation,colony formation,and increased cell migration and invasion capabilities.These findings underscore the reduced OLFM1 expression in MetS-associated intestinal polyps may play a crucial role in promoting tumorigenic processes in colorectal pathology.Further research on OLFM1 may provide valuable insights into understanding and targeting MetS-associated intestinal polyps.

预防鼻咽癌根治性放疗后甲状腺功能减退的剂量-体积限制参数的外部验证

目的:验证既往研究报道的甲状腺剂量-体积限制参数是否影响患者放疗后原发性甲状腺功能减退(hypothyroidism,HT)的发生。方法:选取2018年3月至2019年12月福建省肿瘤医院就诊的符合纳入排除标准的92例鼻咽癌患者,末次随访时间为2022年9月,主要结局为原发性HT,单因素和多因素Cox回归分析既往研究报道的甲状腺剂量-体积限制参数与放疗后HT风险之间的关联。结果:中位随访时间为34个月。多因素Cox回归分析显示,调整了年龄、性别和放疗技术后,治疗前甲状腺体积越大(<16 cm^(3)vs.≥16 cm^(3)),45 Gy下甲状腺的绝对体积(the absolute volumes of thyroid spared from 45 Gy,VS45)越大(<5 cm^(3)vs.≥5 cm^(3))、VS50越大(<8 cm^(3)vs.≥8 cm^(3))以及VS60越大(<10 cm^(3)vs.≥10 cm^(3))能够降低放疗后HT的风险[HR(95%CI)分别为0.290(0.099~0.847)、0.320(0.132~0.772)、0.267(0.113~0.633)和0.376(0.163~0.869)]。结论:治疗前甲状腺体积<16 cm^(3)应谨慎放疗后HT的发生,甲状腺VS45≥5 cm^(3)、VS50≥8 cm^(3)和VS60≥10 cm^(3)可以作为甲状腺受照剂量限制推荐参数。

Blocking postsynaptic density-93 binding to C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 promotes microglial phenotypic transformation during acute ischemic stroke

We previously reported that postsynaptic density-93 mediates neuron-microglia crosstalk by interacting with amino acids 357–395 of C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1(CX3 CL1) to induce microglia polarization. More importantly, the peptide Tat-CX3 CL1(comprising amino acids 357–395 of CX3 CL1) disrupts the interaction between postsynaptic density-93 and CX3 CL1, reducing neurological impairment and exerting a protective effect in the context of acute ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. In the current study, we found that the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype increased and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype decreased at different time points. The M1 phenotype increased at 6 hours after stroke and peaked at 24 hours after perfusion, whereas the M2 phenotype decreased at 6 and 24 hours following reperfusion. We found that the peptide Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) facilitates microglial polarization from M1 to M2 by reducing the production of soluble CX3 CL1. Furthermore, the a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 17(ADAM17) inhibitor GW280264 x, which inhibits metalloprotease activity and prevents CX3 CL1 from being sheared into its soluble form, facilitated microglial polarization from M1 to M2 by inhibiting soluble CX3 CL1 formation. Additionally, Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) attenuated long-term cognitive deficits and improved white matter integrity as determined by the Morris water maze test at 31–34 days following surgery and immunofluorescence staining at 35 days after stroke, respectively. In conclusion, Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) facilitates functional recovery after ischemic stroke by promoting microglial polarization from M1 to M2. Therefore, the Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) is a potential therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.

Effect of Jianpi Bushen formula for colon cancer patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy:Statistical analysis plan for a multicenter trial

Background:Patients with colon cancer who receive chemotherapy usually experience various gastrointestinal adverse reactions,including nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which make it challenging for them to adhere to treatment.As an effective traditional Chinese medicine,the Jianpi Bushen formula has been widely used to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Bushen formulae for patients who undergo chemotherapy.This statistical analysis plan(SAP)is intended to enhance the transparency and research quality of our randomized controlled trial.Methods:Our study is a multicenter,double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial.This trial aimed to compare the completion rate of chemotherapy in colon cancer patients who are using and not using Jianpi Bushen formula.To attenuate possible selection bias in the final report,we declared the overall trial design,outcome measures,subgroup analyses,and safety measures.Also,we described the data management and statistical analysis methods in detail.Conclusion:The SAP provides more detailed information than the trial protocol for data management and statistical analysis methods.Further post-hoc analyses can be performed by referring to the SAP,and possible selection bias can be attenuated.

A three-band perfect absorber based on a parallelogram metamaterial slab with monolayer MoS_(2)

As a two-dimensional(2D)material,monolayer MoS2which limits its optical applications has a low absorption efficiency.In this paper,we propose a three-band perfect metamaterial absorber in the visible light range based on monolayer MoS_(2).The peak absorptivity of the structure at each resonance wavelength is nearly perfect,moreover,the light absorption of monolayer MoS2is obviously enhanced at the three resonant wavelengths.The dielectric–dielectric–metal structure we designed produces the coupling of Fabry–Perot resonance and high-order diffraction guided-mode resonance at different absorption peaks,which has been proved by the slab waveguide theory.In addition,the multi-modal absorption phenomenon is explained by extracting the equivalent impedance.The results show that we can adjust the absorption peak wavelength by regulating the parameters of the structure.This structure not only provides an idea for enhancing the interaction between light and two-dimensional materials but also has potential applications for optical detection devices.

基于Vissim仿真的高速公路事故影响因素研究

随着高速公路交通量的增加,车头时距减少,驾驶人换道行为频繁,路网容易产生诸多交通隐患,高速公路的畅通、安全及运营受到极大挑战.为研究高速公路突发事故不同场景对路网运行的影响,以津蓟高速为例,基于Vissim对不同交通量、事故阻断时间、追尾车辆数等场景仿真,基于多元线性回归拟合不同影响因素对平均车速和最大排队长度曲线,得到影响因素的权重占比并能预测不同种类事故的影响程度,能为高速路网交通组织管理、交通事件预警和评估等各应用场景提供定量化交通决策提供思路和方向.

基于高速公路场景的车辆目标跟踪

车辆目标检测与跟踪是高速公路视频监控系统实时监控获取交通参数的关键步骤.本文提出了一种面向高速公路场景的目标轨迹时序信息结合核相关滤波KCF算法的车辆目标跟踪方法,实现了车辆目标的高精度持续跟踪.该方法首先采用基于深度学习的单目标检测SSD算法,通过建立车辆数据集,实现了适用于高速公路场景的车辆目标的分类与检测.然后,基于目标轨迹时序信息实现目标车辆与轨迹的匹配,并且采用KCF跟踪算法对丢失目标进行预测重定位,从而实现车辆目标轨迹的持续跟踪.实验表明,该跟踪方法精度高,且适应多种不同场景,具有较高的应用价值.

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT和MRI及血浆EB病毒水平对鼻咽癌局部复发的诊断价值研究

目的:比较^(18)F-FDG PET/CT、MRI在鼻咽癌局部复发和放疗后改变的鉴别诊断中的应用价值,并确定更合适的SUV_(max)诊断阈值,探索血浆EBV-DNA在发现鼻咽癌复发转移方面的意义。方法:选取2015年1月至2020年2月期间放疗结束至少6个月后在福建省肿瘤医院进行复查的鼻咽癌患者208例,均进行MRI、PET/CT及EB病毒DNA检查(均在1个月内完成)。以活检病理结果或影像学的密切随访(至少1年)作为诊断鼻咽癌是否局部复发的标准,对患者的影像检查结果及相关参数进行比较分析。结果:共有83例患者确诊为鼻咽癌局部复发,125例确诊为无局部复发,后者中77例伴有区域复发和(或)远处转移。PET/CT和MRI对鼻咽癌局部复发的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89.2%vs.67.5%,90.4%vs.92.0%,89.9%vs.82.2%。当诊断临界值SUV_(max)=3.85时,PET/CT的诊断准确性最高,与SUV_(max)=2.5相比,特异性(89.6%vs.68.0%)和准确性(89.4%vs.78.4%)均有显著提升。对纳入患者中治疗失败患者的EB病毒DNA分析发现,局部复发患者的血浆EBV-DNA检测敏感性低于区域复发或远处转移患者。局部复发肿瘤患者的SUV_(max)值与血浆EBV-DNA存在相关性。结论:^(18)F-FDG PET/CT对鼻咽癌局部复发和放疗后改变的鉴别诊断效能优于MRI。SUV_(max)诊断阈值设为3.85时可获得更好的诊断效能。血浆EBV-DNA检测在鼻咽癌区域复发和远处转移方面较灵敏,局部复发者的阳性率并不高,对这部分患者的诊断价值仅提供参考。

车路协同环境高速公路瓶颈车辆换道引导方法

高速公路由于交通事件的发生,常产生瓶颈区域致使车辆频繁换道。为提高高速公路瓶颈区车辆通行效率与安全性能,讨论车路协同环境的优越性,提出了车路协同环境下高速公路瓶颈车辆换道引导方法,通过建立离散选择模型的形式定义传统车辆与智能车辆的换道考虑因素,根据车辆所处位置定义自由换道与强制换道的效用函数,考虑宏观交通流不同渗透率下的速度密度关系,求解期望换道概率并将其引入考虑横向交通流的元胞传输模型以模拟宏观交通流换道行为,从而对瓶颈上游的智能车辆进行引导。利用车辆换道引导方法对宏观交通流进行数值仿真,并设置5组不同渗透率下的交通流。研究结果表明:车路协同环境下不同渗透率的交通流经过瓶颈区的总行程时间均有所减少,渗透率为1时对应的总行程时间最小,为296.21 s,渗透率为0.4变为0.6时总行程时间减小幅度最显著,为8.3%;渗透率为0.8变为1时总行程时间减小幅度最小,为2.7%,因此利用该引导方法对渗透率为0.6的交通流进行引导,其效果最显著。在使用引导方法后,各车道密度趋于均衡,能有效缓解瓶颈区向上游传播的堵塞波。

基于二次卡尔曼滤波修正的尾气排放分布

监测机动车尾气排放并制定科学减排措施迫在眉睫,而如何反映由交通需求变化引起排放分布变化是建立尾气排放分布模型的核心问题.按照"交通需求推演-机动车比功率参数确定-交通排放"的思路,利用机动车比功率参数标定交通需求与尾气排放之间的量化关系.以交通需求数据为基础,通过二次卡尔曼滤波修正交通流状态数据和交通分布数据,并通过动态交通分配获取实时车辆工况参数,与典型车型工况曲线匹配,确定车辆比功率在不同速度区间分布,而后,将机动车行驶特征工况参数代入国际车辆排放(international vehicle emission,IVE)模型中确定排放因子,计算得到区域内机动车尾气排放强度.研究表明,以15 min为预测周期,利用二次卡尔曼滤波估计交通需求的平均相对误差为8.89%,且利用IVE尾气模型模拟具有较好的可靠性.预测结果显示,实现基于动态交通需求的行驶工况所构建的交通污染分布模型具有可行性,且二次卡尔曼滤波修正提供了精度的保证,该推演数据可用于分析尾气分布,评价交通改善措施对尾气排放影响,为制定减排策略提供依据.

基于深度学习的关键岗位人员行为分析系统

针对关键岗位的人员行为分析的问题,提出了一种基于视频的行为分析方法。制作了包含多姿态样本的岗位人员行为数据集,并使用YOLOv3网络训练该数据集得到行为检测模型。使用提出的人员行为分析算法结合行为检测模型对视频进行处理,对人员行为进行初步分析。在人员行为分析算法的基础上,结合图像相似度和明暗度等特征,进行深度分析并给出离岗、睡觉和玩手机事件的判断结果。实验结果表明,制作的数据集在人员行为检测中有较高的检测精度,同时行为分析的准确度也较高,并且能够进行实时处理。

基于相空间重构的卡尔曼滤波短时交通流预测模型

短时交通流预测是实现交通管理、实时信号控制的重要数据基础。为了提高交通流预测的准确性,针对预测周期缩短而使交通流时间序列变得混乱无序这一问题,引入混沌理论概念,提出了基于相空间重构的卡尔曼滤波短时交通流预测模型。首先通过C-C法对一维时间序列进行相空间重构,即在高维空间中产生映射关系,以展现原序列的内在信息。然后通过混沌系统特性指标对交通流的可预测性进行判断。最后根据卡尔曼滤波理论将重构后的相点作为卡尔曼滤波的初值进行预测。研究结果表明:该模型对比6 min为周期的预测,以10 min为周期的交通流预测平均相对误差较小,为4.6%。且样本量少的比样本量多的预测精度低,但在可接受范围内。根据结果表明该方法能够满足智能交通系统的实际需求。

Prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and quality of life evaluations in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)and to assess corresponding health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China.METHODS:This multi-center cross-sectional study included 16 teaching hospitals,which were members of "Hepatobiliary Cooperation Group,Society of Gastroenterology,Chinese Medical Association",from different areas of China carried out between June and October in 2011.All the eligible hospitalized cirrhotic patients(n = 538)were required to complete triplicate number connection tests combined with one digit symbol test for diagnosing MHE.Patients' clinical examination data were complemented by a modified questionnaire assessing HRQoL.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.RESULTS:Male was predominant(68.6%)in 519 patients who met the criteria of the study,with a mean age of 49.17 ± 11.02 years.The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was chronic hepatitis B(55.9%).The prevalence of MHE was 39.9% and varied by ChildPugh-Classification score(CPC-A:24.8%,CPC-B:39.4% and CPC-C:56.1%,P < 0.01).MHE(P < 0.01)and higher CPC scores(P < 0.01)were associated with a high HRQoL scores(reflecting poorer quality of life).The prevalence of MHE was proportionate to CPC(P = 0.01)and high quality of life scores(P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:Hospitalized cirrhotic patients have a high prevalence of MHE that is proportionate to the degree of liver function and HRQoL impairment.

基于机器视觉的工业巡检过程监控分析系统

工业巡检中人员的行为与生产安全息息相关,有关巡检监测方法的设计成为了研究热点.针对目前巡检监控分析依赖于人工判断且精度低的问题,本文提出了一种基于机器视觉的工业现场巡检过程监控分析系统.首先利用YOLOv3网络对将视频流中的人员进行检测,根据检测结果,使用人员行为分析方法,剔除场景内干扰并获取巡检人员真实的行为信息,最后根据人员行为信息对巡检过程进行评估,将评估结果存储至数据库同时发布至网页.本文使用多个监控视角的视频进行实验,实验结果表明,本文所提系统在复杂环境下,能够准确检测巡检人员并分析其行为,同时满足实时处理的需求.本文可以为工业巡检的智能化监测提供参考.

Anti-tumor effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine by inhibiting telomerase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine(DAC) on telomerase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell lines,SMMC-7721 and HepG2.METHODS:The related gene expression in cell lines was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis.The telomerase activity was examined by telomeric repeat amplification protocol-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and DNA methylation was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:The telomerase activity was significantly reduced in both cell lines treated with DAC,accompanied by downregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT).We also observed the effect of DAC on the methylation status of hTERT promoter and the expression of regulatory genes,such as c-myc,p15,p16,p21,E2F1,and WT1.The methylation status of hTERT promoter could be reversed in SMMC-7721 by DAC,but not in HepG2 cells.However,p16 expression could be reactivated by demethylation of its promoter,and c-Myc expression was repressed in both cell lines.Moreover,DAC could enhance the sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agents,such as cisplatin,by induction of apoptosis of HCC cells.CONCLUSION:The DAC exerts its anti-tumor effects in HCC cells by inhibiting the telomerase activity.

Microwave ablation is as effective as radiofrequency ablation for very-early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) is a first?line treatment for very?early?stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), whereas the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA) for very?early?stage HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify this issue by comparing the safety and efficacy of percutaneous MWA with percutaneous RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC.Methods: Clinical data of 460 patients who were diagnosed with very?early?stage HCC and treated with percutane?ous MWA or RFA between January 2007 and July 2012 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Mili?tary Medical University, in Shanghai, China were retrospectively analyzed. Of these 460 patients, 159 received RFA, 301 received MWA. Overall survival(OS), recurrence?free survival(RFS), local tumor progression(LTP), complete ablation, and complication occurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and the prognostic factors associated with survival were analyzed.Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the 1?, 3?, or 5?year OS rates(99.3%, 90.4%, and 78.3% for MWA vs. 98.7%, 86.8%, and 73.3% for RFA, respectively; P = 0.331). Furthermore, no signif?icant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the corresponding RFS rates(94.4%, 71.8%, and 46.9% for MWA vs. 89.9%, 67.3%, and 54.9% for RFA, respectively; P ete ablation rates(98.3% vs. 98.1%, P = 0.309), the LTP rates(9.6% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.883), the compl multivariate analysis, LTP, an= 0.860), or the occurrence rates of major complications(0.7% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.691). Bytiviral therapy, and treatment of recurrence were independent risk fac?tors for OS(P < 0.001), and the alpha?fetoprotein level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS(P = 0.002).Conclusions: MWA is as safe and effective as RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC, supporting MWA as a first?line treatment option for this disease.

Iterative Learning Control for Discrete-time Stochastic Systems with Quantized Information

An iterative learning control(ILC) algorithm using quantized error information is given in this paper for both linear and nonlinear discrete-time systems with stochastic noises. A logarithmic quantizer is used to guarantee an adaptive improvement in tracking performance. A decreasing learning gain is introduced into the algorithm to suppress the effects of stochastic noises and quantization errors. The input sequence is proved to converge strictly to the optimal input under the given index. Illustrative simulations are given to verify the theoretical analysis.

Neuroprotective effects of ZL006 in Aβ1–42-treated neuronal cells

Amyloid beta(Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).ZL006 is shown to reduce over-produced nitric oxide and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke by interrupting the interaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and postsynaptic density protein 95.However,few studies are reported on the role of ZL006 in AD.To investigate whether ZL006 exerted neuroprotective effects in AD,we used Aβ1–42 to treat primary cortical neurons and N2a neuroblastoma cells as an in vitro model of AD.Cortical neurons were incubated with ZL006 or dimethyl sulfoxide for 2 hours and treated with Aβ1–42 or NH3·H2O for another 24 hours.The results of cell counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay and calcein-acetoxymethylester/propidium iodide staining showed that ZL006 pretreatment rescued the neuronal death induced by Aβ1–42.Fluorescence and western blot assay were used to detect oxidative stress and apoptosis-related proteins in each group of cells.Results showed that ZL006 pretreatment decreased neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by Aβ1–42.The results of CCK8 assay showed that inhibition of Akt or NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in cortical neurons abolished the protective effects of ZL006.Moreover,similar results were also observed in N2a neuroblastoma cells.ZL006 inhibited N2a cell death and oxidative stress induced by Aβ1–42,while inhibition of Akt or Nrf2 abolished the protective effect of ZL006.These results demonstrated that ZL006 reduced Aβ1–42-induced neuronal damage and oxidative stress,and the mechanisms might be associated with the activation of Akt/Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways.

Improving cognitive impairment by Tongxinluo via inhibiting expression of beta-secretase 1/beta-amyloid peptide in experimental vascular dementia

BACKGROUND： Tongxinluo has been clinically proven to be effective in improving memory and cognitive function in patients with post-stroke vascular dementia. Is the mechanism related to the deposition of beta-amyloid peptide （A β ） in hippocampus？ OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of Tongxinluo on cognitive impairment in a mouse model with vascular dementia and the changes of A β deposition and β -secretase 1 （BACE1） expression. DESIGN： Randomized controlled study. SETTING： State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology of Nanjing University and Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. MATERIALS： The experiment was carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology of Nanjing University and Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from March 2006 to January 2007. A total of 36 healthy Kunming mice, 18 of each gender, were chosen. The study was conducted in accordance with the National Regulations of Experimental Animal Administration, and all animal experiments were approved by the Committee of Experimental Animal Administration of Nanjing University. Tongxinluo was provided by Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： All mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, including naive control （n=6）, sham-operated control （n=6） and experimental groups treated with different doses of Tongxinluo （0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg/d; n=6 for each group） or vehicle （n=6）. Five groups were subjected to bilateral common carotid arteries （2-VO） occlusion to produce a vascular dementia model （no occlusion was performed in sham-operated group）. The mice in the Tongxinluo treatment groups were intragastricly administered daily with a Tongxinluo suspension （40 g/L in distilled water） at doses of 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 g/kg/d from day 1 to day 30 post-surgery. The animals in vehicle, sham-operated and naive groups were administered an equal volume of distilled water. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Escape latency time determined in all groups of mice before and after 2-VO occlusion by Morris water maze. ②Changes in BACEI mRNA expression in the hippocampi of mice among the six groups by RT-PCR assay, and BACEI and A β protein expression in the hippocampi of mice by Western blot. RESULTS： All 36 mice were involved in the final analysis.① No difference was detected in escape latency time to a hidden platform among all groups in water maze test before surgery （P 〉 0.05） At 30 days after 2-VO occlusion, the vehicle animals exhibited a significantly longer latency in finding the hidden platform compared to that of sham-operated and naive animals （P 〈 0.01）. The prolonged escape latency was significantly reduced by oral administration of 0.4 g or 0.6 kg/day （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）. BACEI mRNA and protein expression in vehicle animals were much higher than in sham-operated and naive animals （P 〈 0.01）. The ischemia-induced increases in BACE1 mRNA and protein level were attenuated by all three doses of Tongxinluo treatment （P 〈 0.01）, and the 0.4 g/kg/d treatment was the most effective. A β protein expression in vehicle animals after 2-VO occlusion were much higher than in sham-operated and naive animals （P 〈 0.01）. 2-VO occlusion-induced A β generation was significantly attenuated by all doses of Tongxinluo treatment, with the most effective dose being 0.4 g/kg/d （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： BACE1 mRNA levels and protein levels of BACEI and A β are reduced in the hippocampi of vascular dementia model mice by all three doses of Tongxinluo treatment, with the most effective dose being 0.4 g/kg/d. The results suggest that inhibition of post-ischemia BACEI expression and A β generation in brain might underlie Tongxinluo＇s effects in improving cognitive impairment.