Application of Patient Simulators Combined with Internet plus Scenario Simulation Teaching Models on Intravenous Infusion Nursing Education in China

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of applying patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation teaching models on intravenous (IV) infusion nursing education, and to provide scientific evidence for the implementation of advanced teaching models in future nursing education. Methods: Enrolled 60 nurses who took the IV infusion therapy training program in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 for research. 30 nurses who were trained in traditional teaching models from January to December 2022 were selected as the control group, and 30 nurses who were trained with simulation-based teaching models with methods including simulated patients, internet, online meetings which can be replayed and scenario simulation, etc. from January to December 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Evaluated the learning outcomes based on the Competency Inventory for Nursing Students (CINS), Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability, and proficiency in the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of IV infusion therapy. Nursing quality, the incidence of IV infusion therapy complications and nurse satisfaction with different teaching models were also measured. Results: The scientific research ability, PSI scores, CINS scores, and comprehensive learning ability of the experimental group were better than those of the control group (P 0.05), and their assessment results of practical skills, nursing quality of IV infusion therapy during training, and satisfaction with teaching models were all better than those of the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The incidence of IV infusion therapy complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, indicating statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Teaching models based on patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation enable nursing students to learn more directly and practice at any time and in any place, and can improve their proficiency in IV infusion theoretical knowledge and skills (e.g. PICC catheterization), core competencies, problem-solving ability, comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability and the ability to deal with complicated cases. Also, it helps provide high-quality nursing education, improve the nursing quality of IV therapy, reduce the incidence of related complications, and ensure the safety of patients with IV therapy.

Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover Considering Ecosystem Services for a Dense-Population Watershed Based on a Hybrid Dual-Subject Agent and Cellular Automaton Modeling Approach

Land use/land cover represents the interactive and comprehensive influences between human activities and natural conditions,leading to potential conflicts among natural and human-related issues as well as among stakeholders.This study introduced economic standards for farmers.A hybrid approach(CA-ABM)of cellular automaton(CA)and an agent-based model(ABM)was developed to effectively deal with social and land-use synergic issues to examine human–environment interactions and projections of land-use conversions for a humid basin in south China.Natural attributes and socioeconomic data were used to analyze land use/land cover and its drivers of change.The major modules of the CA-ABM are initialization,migration,assets,land suitability,and land-use change decisions.Empirical estimates of the factors influencing the urban land-use conversion probability were captured using parameters based on a spatial logistic regression(SLR)model.Simultaneously,multicriteria evaluation(MCE)and Markov models were introduced to obtain empirical estimates of the factors affecting the probability of ecological land conversion.An agent-based CA-SLR-MCE-Markov(ABCSMM)land-use conversion model was proposed to explore the impacts of policies on land-use conversion.This model can reproduce observed land-use patterns and provide links for forest transition and urban expansion to land-use decisions and ecosystem services.The results demonstrated land-use simulations under multi-policy scenarios,revealing the usefulness of the model for normative research on land-use management.

Development of a monochromatic crystal backlight imager for the recent double-cone ignition experiments

We developed a monochromatic crystal backlight imaging system for the double-cone ignition(DCI) scheme, employing a spherically bent quartz crystal. This system was used to measure the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the head-on colliding plasma from the two compressing cones in the DCI experiments. The influence of laser parameters on the x-ray backlighter intensity and spatial resolution of the imaging system was investigated. The imaging system had a spatial resolution of 10 μm when employing a CCD detector. Experiments demonstrated that the system can obtain time-resolved radiographic images with high quality, enabling the precise measurement of the shape, size, and density distribution of the plasma.

Mechanism of Camellia nitidissima Chi in Treating Premature Ovarian Failure Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore active components and molecular biological mechanisms of Camellia nitidissima Chi in the treatment of premature ovarian failure(POF).[Methods]The active components and corresponding targets of C.nitidissima Chi were retrieved through literature and the TCMSP database.POF-related disease targets were identified using the OMIM and Genecards databases.A PPI network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.10.2.A herb-active component-target-pathway network diagram was also constructed with Cytoscape 3.10.2.The CytoNCA plugin was used to screen out the top five core targets and core active components.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the intersecting targets were performed using DAVID.Finally,molecular docking was conducted using Auto Dock to verify the interaction between core targets and active components,and visualization was done using PyMol.[Results]A total of 26 active components and 461 targets of C.nitidissima Chi were identified,with 154 intersecting targets related to POF.The core components of the herb included 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol,3',4-O-dimethylcedrusin,eriodictyol,quercetin,and vanillin.The PPI network revealed that the main targets were epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),protein kinase B1(AKT1),proto-oncogene Src(SRC),hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF1A),and estrogen receptor 1(ESR1).KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 10 pathways closely related to POF,mainly involving the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species,endocrine resistance,and the HIF-1 signaling pathway.Molecular docking results showed that the core active components had strong binding activity with the targets.[Conclusions]C.nitidissima Chi has multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway characteristics in the comprehensive treatment of POF,providing informational support for its clinical application.

电荷迁移方向调控的BiVO_(4)量子点/苝四羧酸Z型异质结与纳米金修饰在人工光合成H_(2)O_(2)中的协同作用

利用太阳能驱动的半导体光催化技术将H_(2)O和O_(2)转化为H_(2)O_(2),是传统蒽醌工艺的可持续替代方案之一.在光催化O_(2)还原生产H_(2)O_(2)的过程中,主要涉及到O_(2)的还原和H_(2)O的氧化两个半反应.然而,单一的窄带隙半导体往往难以满足整体反应的热力学电位要求.为了克服这一挑战,研究人员借鉴自然光合作用的原理,提出了构建Z型异质结体系的策略.这种体系不仅能有效促进电荷的分离,从而增强光催化效率,而且能保留光生电荷较强的氧化还原能力,这对于H_(2)O_(2)的光合成至关重要.此外,O_(2)的活化对于H_(2)O_(2)光合成同样重要.然而,目前在构建Z型异质结时,对于Z型异质结的两组分自身电荷传输方向的匹配性鲜有关注.因此,构建具有电荷定向传输的Z型异质结,并精准负载O_(2)活化位点,对于提高H_(2)O_(2)的光合成效率和稳定性具有重要意义.本文以苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐(PTCDA)为前驱体,在水解的过程中,引入预制备的钒酸铋量子点(BQD),原位构建BQD/PTA Z型异质结.然后,通过低温辅助光还原策略将纳米Au精确修饰在苝四甲酸(PTA)上,制得具有定向电荷传输的BQD/PTA-Au Z型异质结.形貌表征结果表明,PTA的形态为平均厚度为3.5 nm的不规则纳米片,其表面均匀负载了直径约为7 nm的BQD纳米颗粒,而超小的Au纳米粒子(直径约为5 nm)则负载在PTA纳米片的边缘.优化后的BQD/PTA-Au异质结光催化H_(2)O_(2)产率为218.6μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),约为PTA纳米片的6.4倍;此外,在405 nm波长下,该异质结的表观量子产率为PTA的4.8倍.在模拟太阳光条件下,BQD/PTA-Au异质结的太阳能到化学能转换效率(SCC)为0.47%;且在连续5次的循环实验中表现出良好的稳定性.光物理和光化学测试结果表明,BQD/PTA Z型异质结的构建显著促进了PTA的电荷分离,Au修饰后复合体的电荷分离进一步增强.扫描开尔文探针(SKP)测试结果表明,BQD和PTA的能带结构满足Z型电荷传输路径,电子顺磁共振和原位X射线光电子能谱分析结果表明,所构建的Z型异质结由于电荷传输方向匹配,显著促进·O_(2)-自由基的形成;而后续的Au修饰则能够定向接受来自PTA的光生电子.旋转圆盘电极测试结果表明,BQD/PTA-Au的平均电子转移数最接近2,说明其遵循两电子氧还原反应(ORR)路径.结合物种捕获实验推测,·O_(2)-自由基是BQD/PTA-Au异质结光合成H_(2)O_(2)的主要活性物种.原位漫反射红外光谱测试证实,纳米Au修饰可进一步提高O_(2)在催化剂表面吸附,并加速两电子的O_(2)还原反应.综上,本文围绕着具有各向异性电荷迁移的PTA,设计构建了电荷定向迁移的Z型异质结体系,实现了高效的H_(2)O_(2)光合成,为高效Z型异质结体系设计构建提供了新思路.

Compact ultrafast neutron sources via bulk acceleration of deuteron ions in an optical trap

A scheme for a quasi-monoenergetic high-flux neutron source with femtosecond duration and highly anisotropic angular distribution is proposed.This scheme is based on bulk acceleration of deuteron ions in an optical trap or density grating formed by two counter-propagating laser pulses at an intensity of-10^(16)W~cm^(2)in a near-critical-density plasma.The deuterons are first pre-accelerated to an energy of tens of keV in the ambipolar fields formed in the optical trap.Their energy is boosted to the MeV level by another one or two laser pulses at an intensity of-10^(20)W~cm^(2),enabling fusion reactions to be triggered with high efficiency.In contrast to previously proposed pitcher–catcher configurations,our scheme can provide spatially periodic acceleration structures and effective collisions between deuterons inside the whole target volume.Subsequently,neutrons are generated directly inside the optical trap.Our simulations show that neutron pulses with energy 2–8 MeV,yield 10^(18)–10^(19)n/s,and total number 106–107 in a duration-400 fs can be obtained with a 25μm target.Moreover,the neutron pulses exhibit unique angularly dependent energy spectra and flux distributions,predominantly along the axis of the energy-boosting lasers.Such microsize femtosecond neutron pulses may find many applications,such as high-resolution fast neutron imaging and nuclear physics research.

How to realize an ultrafast electron diffraction experiment with a terahertz pump:A theoretical study

To integrate a terahertz pump into an ultrafast electron diffraction(UED)experiment has attracted much attention due to its potential to initiate and detect the structural dynamics both directly.However,the deflection of the electron probe by the electromagnetic field of the terahertz pump alters the incident angle of the electron probe on the sample,impeding it from recording structural information afterwards.In this article,we studied this issue by a theoretical simulation of the terahertz-induced deflection effect on the electron probe,and came up with several possible schemes to reduce such effect.As a result,a terahertz-pump-electron-probe UED experiment with a temporal resolution comparable to the terahertz period is realized.We also found that Me V UED was more suitable for such terahertz pump experiment.

Observation of Zeeman splitting effect in a laser-driven coil

The Zeeman splitting effect is observed in a strong magnetic field generated by a laser-driven coil.The expanding plasma from the coil wire surface is concentrated at the coil center and interacts with the simultaneously generated magnetic field.The Cu I spectral lines at wavelengths of 510.5541,515.3235,and 521.8202 nm are detected and analyzed.The splittings of spectral lines are used to estimate the magnetic field strength at the coil center as∼31.4±15.7 T at a laser intensity of∼5.6310^(15) W/cm^(2),which agrees well with measurements using a B-dot probe.Some other plasma parameters of the central plasma disk are also studied.The temperature is evaluated from the Cu I spectral line intensity ratio,while the electron density is estimated from the Stark broadening effect.

Ultra-High Specific Absorption of Metallic Binary-Groove Gratings

A metallic binary-groove gratings, which can be exploited to absorb light at C-band and sense materials with refractive index (1.0 - 1.2), is proposed and investigated numerically. Both ultra-high absorption (99.937%) and sensitivity (1600 nm/RIU) are achieved.

血清免疫球蛋白GN-糖基的高通量分析——一种消化道癌症的非侵入性生物标志物

免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)的N-糖基化在炎症性疾病的发展中起着重要作用。本研究旨在评价IgG N-糖基在消化道癌症亚型中的诊断效能。从中国医学科学院肿瘤医院招募749名消化道癌症患者,包括食管癌(esophageal cancer,EC)、胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)、结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)和胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer,PC)患者。采用亲水交互高效液相色谱-超高效液相色谱(hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using ultra-performance liquid chromatography,HILIC-UPLC)分析血浆中IgG的N-糖基构成。采用Bio-Plex悬液芯片系统检测方法(Bio-Rad)进行炎症因子检测。采用典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis,CCA)探索糖基和炎症因子之间的相关性。采用LASSO回归和logistic回归模型,基于检测到的糖基谱建立可用于区分胃肠癌症患者和健康人群诊断模型。与健康对照组相比,EC、GC、CRC和PC患者的唾液酸化和半乳糖基化水平降低,而二等分乙酰葡萄糖胺基化水平在消化道癌症患者中升高。此外,只有胰腺癌患者具有低水平的岩藻糖基化。消化道癌症组的IL-1β、IL-31和sCD40L水平均高于对照组。IgG N-糖基的组成与炎症因子相关(r=0.556)。基于糖基的模型表现出良好的诊断效能,EC、GC、CRC和PC的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.972、0.871、0.867和0.907。这些研究结果表明,IgG N-糖基在调节消化道肿瘤的发病机制中发挥了重要作用。血清IgG N-糖基可以作为潜在的非侵入性辅助消化道癌症临床诊断的方法。

Enhancement of–OH content on mechanical properties of antiperovskite solid electrolytes

All-solid-state batteries,renowned for their enhanced safety and high energy density,have garnered broad interest.Oxide solid electrolytes are highly anticipated for their balanced performance.However,their high Young’s modulus and inadaptability to volume change during cycling lead to poor contact and eventual battery failure.In this work,Young’s modulus of Li_(1+x)(OH)_(x)Cl samples is lowered to a level comparable to that of sulfide by regulating the–OH content.As the–OH content increases,Young’s modulus of Li_(1+x)(OH)_(x)Cl samples decreases significantly.This may be due to the local aggregation of–OH groups,forming cavities similar to LiOH structure,which reduces the bonding of the structure.On the premise of high Li-ion conductivity and electrochemical stability,the lowered Young’s modulus improves the contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrodes,forming a strong and stable interfacial layer,thereby improving interfacial and cycling stability.The symmetrical lithium metal cell shows excellent cycle performance of 600 h,and the assembled LiFePO_(4)|Li_(2.4)(OH)1.4Cl|Li cell shows significantly enhanced cycling endurance with 80%capacity retention after 150 cycles.This work not only emphasizes the crucial importance of Young’s modulus in improving interface issues but also offers innovative approaches to advance the mechanical properties of solid electrolytes.

Sulfated liposome-based artificial cell membrane glycocalyx nanodecoys for coronavirus inactivation by membrane fusion

As a broad-spectrum antiviral nanoparticle,the cell membrane nanodecoy is a promising strategy for preventing viral infections.However,most of the cell membrane nanodecoys can only catch virus and cannot induce inactivation,which may bring about a considerably high risk of re-infection owing to the possible viral escape from the nanodecoys.To tackle this challenge,sulfated liposomes are employed to mimic the cell membrane glycocalyx for constructing an artificial cell membrane glycocalyx nanodecoy that exhibits excellent anti-coronavirus activity against HCoV-OC43,wild-type SARS-CoV-2,Alpha and Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus.In addition,this nanodecoy,loaded with surface sulfate groups as SARS-CoV-2 receptor arrays,can enhance the antiviral capability to virus inactivation through destroying the virus membrane structure and transfer the spike protein to postfusion conformation.Integrating bio-inspired recognition and inactivation of viruses in a single supramolecular entity,the artificial cell membrane nanodecoy opens a new avenue for the development of theranostic antiviral nanosystems,whose mass production is favored due to the facile engineering of sulfated liposomes.

Design, performance and application of a line-imaging velocity interferometer system for any reflector coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer system at the Shenguang-Ⅱ upgrade laser facility

The velocity interferometer system for any reflector(VISAR) coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer(SOP) system is used as a diagnostic tool in inertial confinement fusion(ICF) experiments involving equations of state and shock timing.To validate the process of adiabatically compressing the fuel shell through precise tuning of shocks in experimental campaigns for the double-cone ignition(DCI) scheme of ICF, a compact line-imaging VISAR with an SOP system is designed and implemented at the Shenguang-II upgrade laser facility. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the system are better than 30 ps and 7 μm, respectively. An illumination lens is used to adjust the lighting spot size matching with the target size. A polarization beam splitter and λ/4 waveplate are used to increase the transmission efficiency of our system. The VISAR and SOP work at 660 and 450 nm, respectively, to differentiate the signals from the scattered lights of the drive lasers. The VISAR can measure the shock velocity. At the same time, the SOP system can give the shock timing and relative strength. This system has been used in different DCI campaigns, where the generation and propagation processes of multi-shock are carefully diagnosed.

Proton radiography of magnetic fields generated with an open-ended coil driven by high power laser pulses

Recently generation of strong magnetic(B)fields has been demonstrated in capacitor coils heated by high power laser pulses[S.Fujioka et al.,Sci.Rep.3,1170(2013)].This paper will present a direct measurement of B field generated with an open-ended coil target driven by a nanosecond laser pulse using ultrafast proton radiography.The radiographs are analyzed with particle-tracing simulations.The B field at the coil center is inferred to be ~50 T at an irradiance of ~5×10^(14) W·cm^(-2).The B field generation is attributed to the background cold electron flow pointing to the laser focal spot,where a target potential is induced due to the escape of energetic electrons.

Protein adsorption onto diethylaminoethyl dextran modified anion exchanger:Effect of ionic strength and column behavior

Our previous studies on bovine serum albumin （BSA） adsorption to diethylaminoethyl dextran （DEAE dextran, DexD, grafting-ligand） and DEAE （D, surface-ligand） modified Sepharose FF resins found that all the grafted resins （FF-DexD and FF-D-DexD） exhibited extremely fast uptake rate （effective diffusivity, De, De/Do 〉 1.4）, which was six times greater than the ungrafted resins （De/Do 〈 0.3）. In this work, the influence of ionic strength （IS） on 6 typical DEAE dextran-grafted resins was investigated. Bath adsorption equilibria and kinetics, breakthrough, and linear gradient elution experiments were conducted. Commercial DEAE Sepharose FF was used for comparison. It is found that protein adsorption capacities on DEAE dextran-FF resins and the commercial resin decreased with increasing IS, but DEAE dextran-FF resins exhibited much higher capacity sensitivity to salt concentration. Besides, steeper decrease of adsorption capacities could be obtained at higher graftingligand or surface-ligand density. It is worth noting that the facilitating role of surface-ligand to the ＂chain delivery＂ effect was weakened after adding salt, leading to the less improvement in uptake rate by increasing surface-ligand density at higher IS. Although the uptake rates of the DEAE dextran-FF resins increased first and then decreased with increasing fS, they kept the extremely high level of De values （De/Do 〉 1.1 ） at the their working/binding IS range. Moreover, the DEAE dextran-FF resin displayed much higher adsorption capacities and De values than commercial ungrafted resin in their working condition. Furthermore, the column results of DEAE dextran-FF resins presented higher dynamic binding capacities than and similar elution ISs with DEAE Sepharose FF to achieve similar （or even higher） recoveries suggest the excellent chromatographic column performance of the DEAE dextran-FF resins. Finally, both high recovery and purity of BSA and γ-globulin could be easily achieved using the typical DEAE dextran-FF column, FF-D60-DexD160, to separate their binary mixtures, by step gradient elution. The research has provided new insights into the practical application of the series of DEAE-dextran grafted resins in protein chromatography and proved their superiority.

GDF15 negatively regulates chemosensitivity via TGFBR2-AKT pathway-dependent metabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Treating patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is challenging due to the high chemoresistance.Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15)is crucial in the development of various types of tumors and negatively related to the prognosis of ESCC patients according to our previous research.In this study,the link between GDF15 and chemotherapy resistance in ESCC was further explored.The relationship between GDF15 and the chemotherapy response was investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies.ESCC patients with high levels of GDF15 expression showed an inferior chemotherapeutic response.GDF15 improved the tolerance of ESCC cell lines to low-dose cisplatin by regulating AKT phosphorylation via TGFBR2.Through an in vivo study,we further validated that the anti-GDF15 antibody improved the tumor inhibition effect of cisplatin.Metabolomics showed that GDF15 could alter cellular metabolism and enhance the expression of UGT1A.AKT and TGFBR2 inhibition resulted in the reversal of the GDF15-induced expression of UGT1A,indicating that TGFBR2-AKT pathway-dependent metabolic pathways were involved in the resistance of ESCC cells to cisplatin.The present investigation suggests that a high level of GDF15 expression leads to ESCC chemoresistance and that GDF15 can be targeted during chemotherapy,resulting in beneficial therapeutic outcomes.

Response of HD-V2 radiochromic film to argon ions

A two-dimensional dose detector for ion beam is required in many high energy density physics experiments.As a solid detector,the GAFChromic film offers a good spatial resolution and dosimetric accuracy.For an absolute dose measurement,the relative effectiveness,which represents the darkening efficiency of the film to a radiation source,needs to be taken into consideration.In this contribution,the dose-response of HD-V2 to argon ions is presented for the first time.The calibration was taken over the dose range of 65 Gy-660 Gy with 8-keV argon ions.The response of net optical density is from 0.01 to 0.05.Triple-color dose-response functions are derived.The relative effectiveness for the argon ion beams is about 5%,much lower than that of protons and carbon ions.To explain this effect,the inactivation probability based on track theory of ion bombardment is proposed.Furthermore,a theoretical prediction of the relative effectiveness for single ion is presented,showing the dependence of the darkening efficiency on the atomic number and the incident energy of ions.

Ultrafast electron diffraction

Ultrafast electron diffraction （UED） technique has proven to be an innovative tool for providing new insights in lattice dynamics with unprecedented temporal and spatial sensitivities. In this article, we give a brief introduction of this technique using the proposed UED station in the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility （SECUF） as a prototype. We briefly discussed UED＇s functionality, working principle, design consideration, and main components. We also briefly reviewed several pioneer works with UED to study structure-function correlations in several research areas. With these efforts, we endeavor to raise the awareness of this tool among those researchers, who may not yet have realized the emerging opportunities offered by this technique.

Effects of laser waveform on the generation of fast electrons in laser–solid interactions

In the scheme of fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion,the fuel temperature mainly relies on fast electrons,which act as an energy carrier,transferring the laser energy to the fuel.Both conversion efficiency from the laser to the fast electron and the energy spectrum of the fast electron are essentially important to achieve highly effective heating.In this study,a two-dimensional particle in cell simulation is applied to study the generation of fast electrons from solid-density plasmas with different laser waveforms.The results have shown that the slope of the rising edge has a significant effect on fast electron generation and energy absorption.For the negative skew pulse with a relatively slow rising edge,the J×B mechanism can most effectively accelerate the electrons.The overall absorption efficiency of the laser energy is optimized,and the fast electron yield in the middle-and low-energy range is also improved.

Design and performance analysis of indoor calibration device for the forcemeasuring system of the tractor three-point hitch

The real-time monitoring of the load in farming by the sensor installed on the tractor's three-point hitch can effectively improve the farming efficiency and force-position combined control,reduce the compaction risk of the wheel on the soil and reduce the fuel consumption in farming process.However,the measurement and quantification of the loads on the three-point hitch have some problems remaining unresolved:testing the accuracy and reliability of a load measuring system is hard when the tractor works in a field,the mathematical model of spatial forces usually lacks a practical and effective validation,and the calibration process of the measurement system is inconvenient and incomplete while easily causing a low accuracy.Specifically,this paper builds a new spatial-force mathematical model based on the geometry of a three-point hitch.To eliminate the discrepancy of the geometric model with the actual structure and to refine the mathematical model,a calibration process is conducted by developing a calibration bench,which is equipped with a data acquisition system and a multi-parameter monitoring interface.The three-point hitch installed on this calibration bench is subject to steady-state loading.The loading force,angle of the lower drawbar,and three-component forces(three shaft pin sensors’forces)of the three-point hitch are well measured.With applying for the measured data to calibrate the theoretical mathematic model eventually derives the resultant force from all the three-component forces,a dynamical loading bench was developed to test the calculated resultant force for the three-point hitch during the sinusoidal and randomly variant dynamical loadings tests.A hitch force measurement system is also developed to collect real-time data and calculate the resultant force of measured three-component forces through the calibrated mathematical model.The results of the dynamical loading tests show that the average relative error MRE=1.09%with an average force measurement time delay beingΔt=0.5 s,the root mean square error RMSE=59.3 N,and the coefficient of determination R2=0.9903.As observed,the shape and the trend of the generated resultant force curve are basically the dynamical loading force.The dynamical loading test proves the high efficacy and reliability of the proposed indoor calibration method for calculating the load based on the three-component forces as measured on the three-point hitch.Besides,the preliminary study of the proposed method on the hitch load provides great potential to improve the indoor six-component measurement and quantification of both the force and momentum acting on the three-point hitch.