An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agri...An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agricultural control measures such as crop rotation,field cleaning,fertilizer and water management,physical control measures such as catching and killing,trapping,blocking,photoelectric energy treatment,biological control measures such as the use of natural enemies,pathogenic microorganisms,other beneficial organisms and metabolites,and scientific and rational chemical control measures.Comprehensive prevention and control not only controls vegetable diseases and pests effectively,but also protects the ecological environment.展开更多
This paper describes the flow simulation of a dual rotor, three-bladed wind turbine module with a shroud to determine its performance. The parameters that were evaluated are the effects of adding a second rotor, wind ...This paper describes the flow simulation of a dual rotor, three-bladed wind turbine module with a shroud to determine its performance. The parameters that were evaluated are the effects of adding a second rotor, wind speed, distance between the two rotors, the size of the front rotor and the shroud. The results were obtained by using the Solid Works 2015 flow simulation program. Also, the benefits and cost issues for wind generating systems are illustrated.展开更多
Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy. The precise origin of PE remains obscure. Placenta has been considered to play a central role in its pathology. Here we present a brief overlook of pl...Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy. The precise origin of PE remains obscure. Placenta has been considered to play a central role in its pathology. Here we present a brief overlook of placenta related pathogenic factors that might be involved in the pathology changes of PE. A series of factors that correlated with placenta pathology have been regarded attributed to the mechanism of the disease. Some of the factors may be confirmed to be useful biomarkers in the early prediction and monitoring of the disease in a future.展开更多
Recently,studies show that deep learning-based automatic speech recognition(ASR)systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples(AEs),which add a small amount of noise to the original audio examples.These AE attacks pos...Recently,studies show that deep learning-based automatic speech recognition(ASR)systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples(AEs),which add a small amount of noise to the original audio examples.These AE attacks pose new challenges to deep learning security and have raised significant concerns about deploying ASR systems and devices.The existing defense methods are either limited in application or only defend on results,but not on process.In this work,we propose a novel method to infer the adversary intent and discover audio adversarial examples based on the AEs generation process.The insight of this method is based on the observation:many existing audio AE attacks utilize query-based methods,which means the adversary must send continuous and similar queries to target ASR models during the audio AE generation process.Inspired by this observation,We propose a memory mechanism by adopting audio fingerprint technology to analyze the similarity of the current query with a certain length of memory query.Thus,we can identify when a sequence of queries appears to be suspectable to generate audio AEs.Through extensive evaluation on four state-of-the-art audio AE attacks,we demonstrate that on average our defense identify the adversary’s intent with over 90%accuracy.With careful regard for robustness evaluations,we also analyze our proposed defense and its strength to withstand two adaptive attacks.Finally,our scheme is available out-of-the-box and directly compatible with any ensemble of ASR defense models to uncover audio AE attacks effectively without model retraining.展开更多
Ultra-broadband,intense,coherent terahertz(THz)radiation can be generated,detected,and manipulated using laser-induced gas or liquid plasma as both the THz wave transmitter and detector,with a frequency coverage spann...Ultra-broadband,intense,coherent terahertz(THz)radiation can be generated,detected,and manipulated using laser-induced gas or liquid plasma as both the THz wave transmitter and detector,with a frequency coverage spanning across and beyond the whole THz gap."Such a research topic is termed plasma-based THz wave photonics in gas and liquid phases."In this paper,we review the most important experimental and theoretical works of the topic in the non-relativistic region with pump laser intensity below 1018 W/cm^(2).展开更多
Colliding of two counter-propagating laser pulses is a widely used approach to create a laser field or intensity surge.We experimentally demonstrate broadband coherent terahertz(THz)radiation generation through the in...Colliding of two counter-propagating laser pulses is a widely used approach to create a laser field or intensity surge.We experimentally demonstrate broadband coherent terahertz(THz)radiation generation through the interaction of colliding laser pulses with gas plasma.The THz radiation has a dipole-like emission pattern perpendicular to the laser propagation direction with a detected peak electric field 1 order of magnitude higher than that by single pulse excitation.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,it provides a deep insight into the physical picture of laser–plasma interaction,exploits an important option to the promising plasma-based THz source,and may find more applications in THz nonlinear near-field imaging and spectroscopy.展开更多
High-quality-factor(high-Q-factor)electromagnetic resonance plays an important role in sensor applications.Previously proposed gas refractive index sensors are often limited by the large cavity length or microscale fa...High-quality-factor(high-Q-factor)electromagnetic resonance plays an important role in sensor applications.Previously proposed gas refractive index sensors are often limited by the large cavity length or microscale fabrication process in practical applications.Recently,ultra-high Q factor resonance based on the bound state in the continuum(BIC)has provided a feasible approach to solve these problems.In this paper,we propose a metasurface structure consisting of a single size tetramer cylinder.It supports dual band toroidal dipole(TD)resonances driven by BIC.The physical mechanism of double TD resonances is clarified by the multipole decomposition of the metasurface band structure and far-field scattering power.The sensor structure based on this achieves a sensitivity of 518.3 MHz/RIU,and the maximum line width does not exceed 680kHz.The high-Q-factor electromagnetic resonance has the advantages of polarization independence and simplicity to manufacture.These findings will open up an avenue to develop the ultrasensitive sensor in the gigahertz regime.展开更多
Solving the optimization problem to approach a Nash Equilibrium point plays an important role in imperfect information games,e.g.,StarCraft and poker.Neural Fictitious Self-Play(NFSP)is an effective algorithm that lea...Solving the optimization problem to approach a Nash Equilibrium point plays an important role in imperfect information games,e.g.,StarCraft and poker.Neural Fictitious Self-Play(NFSP)is an effective algorithm that learns approximate Nash Equilibrium of imperfect-information games from purely self-play without prior domain knowledge.However,it needs to train a neural network in an off-policy manner to approximate the action values.For games with large search spaces,the training may suffer from unnecessary exploration and sometimes fails to converge.In this paper,we propose a new Neural Fictitious Self-Play algorithm that combines Monte Carlo tree search with NFSP,called MC-NFSP,to improve the performance in real-time zero-sum imperfect-information games.With experiments and empirical analysis,we demonstrate that the proposed MC-NFSP algorithm can approximate Nash Equilibrium in games with large-scale search depth while the NFSP can not.Furthermore,we develop an Asynchronous Neural Fictitious Self-Play framework(ANFSP).It uses asynchronous and parallel architecture to collect game experience and improve both the training efficiency and policy quality.The experiments with th e games with hidden state information(Texas Hold^m),and the FPS(firstperson shooter)games demonstrate effectiveness of our algorithms.展开更多
AlGaN-based materials have exhibited considerable potential for fabricating ultraviolet(UV)light-emitting diodes(LEDs)owing to their direct,wide,and adjustable energy bandgap.AlGaN-based devices have extensive appli-c...AlGaN-based materials have exhibited considerable potential for fabricating ultraviolet(UV)light-emitting diodes(LEDs)owing to their direct,wide,and adjustable energy bandgap.AlGaN-based devices have extensive appli-cability owing to their stable physico-chemical properties.With decades of research effort,significant progress has been achieved in enhancing the working efficiency of AlGaN-based LEDs by optimizing the crystalline qual-ity,doping efficiency,and device design.In this review,methods to obtain high-quality AlGaN-based materials,achieve high doping efficiency,and design UV-LED structures are summarized and discussed.Finally,the issues that need to be addressed in AlGaN-based UV-LED devices are highlighted.展开更多
We herein propose a co-delivery approach where small interference RNA(siRNA)and anticancer chemotherapeutic drug are simultaneously loaded into a single delivery carrier for the combined treatment of breast cancer and...We herein propose a co-delivery approach where small interference RNA(siRNA)and anticancer chemotherapeutic drug are simultaneously loaded into a single delivery carrier for the combined treatment of breast cancer and metastasis prevention.The co-delivery vector is composed of chondroitin sulfate(CS)-coatedβ-cyclodextrin-polyethylenemine polymer,which is capable of loading paclitaxel(PTX)and siRNA simultaneously to form therapeutic nanocomplexes.The nanocomplex,termed as CPPTX-siCD146-CS,is demonstrated to have strong active targeting ability towards CD44-overexpresing breast cancer cells.Moreover,the co-delivery of PTX and siRNA not only effectively inhibits cancer cells proliferation and induces apoptosis,but also well prevents metastasis.Importantly,CP-PTX-siCD146-CS nanocomplexes exhibit stronger cytotoxic effects and anti-metastatic effects on MBA-MD-231 breast cancer cells,in comparison with PTX or siCD146 mono-treatment.The current study defines a potential therapeutic strategy for the combined breast cancer treatment and metastasis prevention from a codelivery perspective.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2020YFA0608000]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42075141]+2 种基金the Meteorological Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U2142211]the Key Project Fund of the Shanghai 2020“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”for Social Development[grant number 20dz1200702]the first batch of Model Interdisciplinary Joint Research Projects of Tongji University in 2021[grant number YB-21-202110].
基金Supported by Major Agricultural Technologies in Shandong Province in 2023 Collaborative Promotion Plan Task Book"Demonstration and Promotion of Key Technologies for the Application of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Organic Waste Fertilizer Fruits and Vegetables"(SDNYXTTG-2023-29).
文摘An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agricultural control measures such as crop rotation,field cleaning,fertilizer and water management,physical control measures such as catching and killing,trapping,blocking,photoelectric energy treatment,biological control measures such as the use of natural enemies,pathogenic microorganisms,other beneficial organisms and metabolites,and scientific and rational chemical control measures.Comprehensive prevention and control not only controls vegetable diseases and pests effectively,but also protects the ecological environment.
文摘This paper describes the flow simulation of a dual rotor, three-bladed wind turbine module with a shroud to determine its performance. The parameters that were evaluated are the effects of adding a second rotor, wind speed, distance between the two rotors, the size of the front rotor and the shroud. The results were obtained by using the Solid Works 2015 flow simulation program. Also, the benefits and cost issues for wind generating systems are illustrated.
文摘Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy. The precise origin of PE remains obscure. Placenta has been considered to play a central role in its pathology. Here we present a brief overlook of placenta related pathogenic factors that might be involved in the pathology changes of PE. A series of factors that correlated with placenta pathology have been regarded attributed to the mechanism of the disease. Some of the factors may be confirmed to be useful biomarkers in the early prediction and monitoring of the disease in a future.
基金supported in part by NSFC No.62202275,Shandong-SF No.ZR2022QF012 projects.
文摘Recently,studies show that deep learning-based automatic speech recognition(ASR)systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples(AEs),which add a small amount of noise to the original audio examples.These AE attacks pose new challenges to deep learning security and have raised significant concerns about deploying ASR systems and devices.The existing defense methods are either limited in application or only defend on results,but not on process.In this work,we propose a novel method to infer the adversary intent and discover audio adversarial examples based on the AEs generation process.The insight of this method is based on the observation:many existing audio AE attacks utilize query-based methods,which means the adversary must send continuous and similar queries to target ASR models during the audio AE generation process.Inspired by this observation,We propose a memory mechanism by adopting audio fingerprint technology to analyze the similarity of the current query with a certain length of memory query.Thus,we can identify when a sequence of queries appears to be suspectable to generate audio AEs.Through extensive evaluation on four state-of-the-art audio AE attacks,we demonstrate that on average our defense identify the adversary’s intent with over 90%accuracy.With careful regard for robustness evaluations,we also analyze our proposed defense and its strength to withstand two adaptive attacks.Finally,our scheme is available out-of-the-box and directly compatible with any ensemble of ASR defense models to uncover audio AE attacks effectively without model retraining.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62075157,61875151,and 62235013)Tianjin Municipal Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.20JCJQJC00190)+3 种基金Key Fund of Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(No.JCYJ20200109150212515)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0701000)Prof.Xi-Cheng Zhang in The Institute of Optics at University of Rochester has support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(Nos.FA9550-21-1-0389 and FA9550-21-1-0300)the National Science Foundation(No.ECCS-2152081).
文摘Ultra-broadband,intense,coherent terahertz(THz)radiation can be generated,detected,and manipulated using laser-induced gas or liquid plasma as both the THz wave transmitter and detector,with a frequency coverage spanning across and beyond the whole THz gap."Such a research topic is termed plasma-based THz wave photonics in gas and liquid phases."In this paper,we review the most important experimental and theoretical works of the topic in the non-relativistic region with pump laser intensity below 1018 W/cm^(2).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875151,62075157)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0701000)。
文摘Colliding of two counter-propagating laser pulses is a widely used approach to create a laser field or intensity surge.We experimentally demonstrate broadband coherent terahertz(THz)radiation generation through the interaction of colliding laser pulses with gas plasma.The THz radiation has a dipole-like emission pattern perpendicular to the laser propagation direction with a detected peak electric field 1 order of magnitude higher than that by single pulse excitation.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,it provides a deep insight into the physical picture of laser–plasma interaction,exploits an important option to the promising plasma-based THz source,and may find more applications in THz nonlinear near-field imaging and spectroscopy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11811530052)Intergovernmental Scienceand Technology Regular Meeting Exchange Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.CB02-20)+1 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics(Grant No.SKLA02020001A04)Undergraduate Research and Innovation Projects of China(Grant No.2021102Z).
文摘High-quality-factor(high-Q-factor)electromagnetic resonance plays an important role in sensor applications.Previously proposed gas refractive index sensors are often limited by the large cavity length or microscale fabrication process in practical applications.Recently,ultra-high Q factor resonance based on the bound state in the continuum(BIC)has provided a feasible approach to solve these problems.In this paper,we propose a metasurface structure consisting of a single size tetramer cylinder.It supports dual band toroidal dipole(TD)resonances driven by BIC.The physical mechanism of double TD resonances is clarified by the multipole decomposition of the metasurface band structure and far-field scattering power.The sensor structure based on this achieves a sensitivity of 518.3 MHz/RIU,and the maximum line width does not exceed 680kHz.The high-Q-factor electromagnetic resonance has the advantages of polarization independence and simplicity to manufacture.These findings will open up an avenue to develop the ultrasensitive sensor in the gigahertz regime.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB1002503)Science and Technology Innovation 2030-“New Generation Artificial Intelligence”Major Project(2018AAA0100902),China.
文摘Solving the optimization problem to approach a Nash Equilibrium point plays an important role in imperfect information games,e.g.,StarCraft and poker.Neural Fictitious Self-Play(NFSP)is an effective algorithm that learns approximate Nash Equilibrium of imperfect-information games from purely self-play without prior domain knowledge.However,it needs to train a neural network in an off-policy manner to approximate the action values.For games with large search spaces,the training may suffer from unnecessary exploration and sometimes fails to converge.In this paper,we propose a new Neural Fictitious Self-Play algorithm that combines Monte Carlo tree search with NFSP,called MC-NFSP,to improve the performance in real-time zero-sum imperfect-information games.With experiments and empirical analysis,we demonstrate that the proposed MC-NFSP algorithm can approximate Nash Equilibrium in games with large-scale search depth while the NFSP can not.Furthermore,we develop an Asynchronous Neural Fictitious Self-Play framework(ANFSP).It uses asynchronous and parallel architecture to collect game experience and improve both the training efficiency and policy quality.The experiments with th e games with hidden state information(Texas Hold^m),and the FPS(firstperson shooter)games demonstrate effectiveness of our algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.61725403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.61922078,61874090 and 61974002)+4 种基金Key Research Program of CAS(Grant No.XDPB22)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grants No.Y201945 and 2019222)the Key scien-tific and technological Program of Xiamen(Grant No.3502Z20191016)the Youth Talent Promotion Project of Chinese Institute of Electron-ics(Grant No.2020QNRC001)the Key-Area Research and Devel-opment Program of Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(Grant No.20YZ10).
文摘AlGaN-based materials have exhibited considerable potential for fabricating ultraviolet(UV)light-emitting diodes(LEDs)owing to their direct,wide,and adjustable energy bandgap.AlGaN-based devices have extensive appli-cability owing to their stable physico-chemical properties.With decades of research effort,significant progress has been achieved in enhancing the working efficiency of AlGaN-based LEDs by optimizing the crystalline qual-ity,doping efficiency,and device design.In this review,methods to obtain high-quality AlGaN-based materials,achieve high doping efficiency,and design UV-LED structures are summarized and discussed.Finally,the issues that need to be addressed in AlGaN-based UV-LED devices are highlighted.
基金supported Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.520002^*172210381)。
文摘We herein propose a co-delivery approach where small interference RNA(siRNA)and anticancer chemotherapeutic drug are simultaneously loaded into a single delivery carrier for the combined treatment of breast cancer and metastasis prevention.The co-delivery vector is composed of chondroitin sulfate(CS)-coatedβ-cyclodextrin-polyethylenemine polymer,which is capable of loading paclitaxel(PTX)and siRNA simultaneously to form therapeutic nanocomplexes.The nanocomplex,termed as CPPTX-siCD146-CS,is demonstrated to have strong active targeting ability towards CD44-overexpresing breast cancer cells.Moreover,the co-delivery of PTX and siRNA not only effectively inhibits cancer cells proliferation and induces apoptosis,but also well prevents metastasis.Importantly,CP-PTX-siCD146-CS nanocomplexes exhibit stronger cytotoxic effects and anti-metastatic effects on MBA-MD-231 breast cancer cells,in comparison with PTX or siCD146 mono-treatment.The current study defines a potential therapeutic strategy for the combined breast cancer treatment and metastasis prevention from a codelivery perspective.