Alcohol solvent effect on the self-assembly behaviors of lignin oligomers

The interactions between lignin oligomers and solvents determine the behaviors of lignin oligomers self-assembling into uniform lignin nanoparticles(LNPs).Herein,several alcohol solvents,which readily interact with the lignin oligomers,were adopted to study their effects during solvent shifting process for LNPs’production.The lignin oligomers with widely distributed molecular weight and abundant guaiacyl units were extracted from wood waste(mainly consists of pine wood),exerting outstanding self-assembly capability.Uniform and spherical LNPs were generated in H_(2)O-n-propanol cosolvent,whereas irregular LNPs were obtained in H_(2)O-methanol cosolvent.The unsatisfactory self-assembly performance of the lignin oligomers in H_(2)O-methanol cosolvent could be attributed to two aspects.On one hand,for the initial dissolution state,the distinguishing Hansen solubility parameter and polarity between methanol solvent and lignin oligomers resulted in the poor dispersion of the lignin oligomers.On the other hand,strong hydrogen bonds between methanol solvent and lignin oligomers during solvent shifting process,hindered the interactions among the lignin oligomers for self-assembly.

Protective mechanism of quercetin compounds against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity

Quercetin compounds have antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anticancer pharmacological functions.Longterm exposure to acrylamide(AA)can cause liver injury and endanger human health.However,whether quercetin compounds can attenuate AA-induced liver injury and the specific mechanism are not clear.Here,we studied the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of quercetin compounds in reducing AA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.In vivo studies found that quercetin-like compounds protect against AAinduced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress levels,activating the Akt/m TOR signaling pathway to attenuate autophagy,and improving mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.In vitro studies found that quercetin compounds protected Hep G2 cells from AA by attenuating the activation of AA-induced autophagy,lowering reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels by exerting antioxidant effects and thus attenuating oxidative stress,increasing mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and improving apoptosis-related proteins,thus attenuating AA-induced apoptosis.Furthermore,the conformational differences between quercetin compounds correlated with their protective capacity against AA-induced hepatotoxicity,with quercetin showing the best protective capacity due to its strongest antioxidant activity.In conclusion,quercetin compounds can protect against AA-induced liver injury through multiple pathways of oxidative stress,autophagy and apoptosis,and their protective capacity correlates with antioxidant activity.

Mulberry Biomass-Derived Nanomedicines Mitigate Colitis through Improved Inflamed Mucosa Accumulation and Intestinal Microenvironment Modulation

The therapeutic outcomes of conventional oral medications against ulcerative colitis(UC)are restricted by inefficient drug delivery to the colitis mucosa and weak capacity to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment.Herein,a fluorinated pluronic(FP127)was synthesized and employed to functionalize the surface of mulberry leaf-derived nanoparticles(MLNs)loading with resveratrol nanocrystals(RNs).The obtained FP127@RN-MLNs possessed exosome-like morphologies,desirable particle sizes(around 171.4 nm),and negatively charged surfaces(−14.8 mV).The introduction of FP127 to RN-MLNs greatly improved their stability in the colon and promoted their mucus infiltration and mucosal penetration capacities due to the unique fluorine effect.

兽用抗寄生虫药氯氰碘柳胺钠致中毒性视网膜病变1例

1例32岁双眼视力下降2个月女性患者,因自觉眼内寄生虫感染服用多种抗寄生虫药,其中包括兽用药氯氰碘柳胺钠。扫频光源相干光层析成像术检查显示双眼外层视网膜结构消失,视网膜外核层和色素上皮层之间均质弥漫性高反射病变,临床诊断为兽用抗寄生虫药氯氰碘柳胺钠中毒性视网膜病变。因患病时间较长,营养神经、改善循环治疗后视力预后不佳。

正常胎儿脑表面沟回在三维反转水晶仿真成像上的发育变化规律

目的探讨应用三维水晶反转仿真成像技术(3D-ICRV)分析正常胎儿脑沟和脑回发育变化规律的方法。方法选取2019年1月至2021年12月于南方医科大学第一临床医学院附属深圳妇幼保健院进行产前检查的正常孕周连续的单胎妊娠孕妇,连续孕周段为15~35孕周,使用经腹超声以丘脑横切面获取三维容积。采用一种全新的3D-ICRV超声技术,对胎儿大脑半球的脑沟回进行大脑表面3D-ICRV成像,选取其中能够清晰显示胎儿脑表面沟回的容积,观察并描述胎儿大脑表面脑沟脑回的发育变化规律。所有病例均进行了产后随访。结果300例正常连续孕周的单胎胎儿纳入研究。成功获取颅脑容积及清晰的3D-ICRV图像的胎儿共294例,成功率为98%(294/300)。每例胎儿选取2个最佳的颅脑容积,共计588个颅脑容积进行分析。脑沟回在3D-ICRV成像上呈现一种相对恒定的变化发育规律,在妊娠15~25周,外侧裂是第一个也是唯一能在3D-ICRV图像上被识别的结构。从26~35孕周,除大脑外侧裂发生变化外,脑表面的沟、回相继出现,并逐渐加深。其中,在26周最先出现中央沟及颞上沟,然后依次出现额上沟、顶内沟、额下沟、颞下沟等。25~30孕周是大多数脑沟回显现的主要时期,是评价皮质发育的最佳时期。结论应用3D-ICRV成像可以显示正常胎儿脑沟回发育变化规律,了解这些变化对产前评估大脑皮层发育成熟度及进一步的临床咨询和管理具有重要意义。