帕金森病伴疼痛患者大脑皮层厚度改变的结构MRI研究

目的基于高分辨率结构MRI技术探讨帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)伴疼痛患者大脑皮层厚度(cortical thickness,CT)的异常改变及其与疼痛评分的相关性,揭示PD疼痛的神经解剖基础。材料与方法本研究于2020年9月至2022年3月招募了经苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科确诊的82例PD患者及附近社区的29例无痛正常对照(normal control,NC)志愿者。采集所有受试者的人口学、临床资料以及结构MRI图像。采用非运动症状问卷和视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analog Scale,VAS)对PD患者分别进行疼痛筛查和疼痛程度评估。依据VAS评分将PD患者分为PD伴疼痛(PD patients with pain,PDP)组41例和PD不伴疼痛(PD patients without pain,nPDP)组41例。CT分析步骤如下:采用计算解剖学工具箱12(Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12,CAT12)软件包对结构像进行预处理获得全部被试者的全脑CT图;统计分析采用one-way ANOVA及post-hoc事后检验。统计结果采用无阈值聚类增强(threshold-free cluster enhancement,TFCE)及错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR)进行多重比较校正,阈值设为P<0.05。最后,提取PDP组差异脑区的CT值与VAS评分进行偏相关性分析。结果One-way ANOVA分析发现PDP组、nPDP组及NC组间CT值存在差异的脑区包括右侧额上回、右侧额中回下部及右侧额下回三角部。Post-hoc事后分析显示,与nPDP组相比,PDP组的右侧额中回下部及右侧额下回三角部CT值减低(P=0.033、0.007)。与NC组相比,PDP组的右侧额上回、右侧额中回下部及右侧额下回三角部CT值均减低(P<0.001)。偏相关分析未发现PDP组的右侧额中回下部及右侧额下回三角部CT值与VAS评分存在显著相关(P=0.088)。结论右侧前额叶区域(额中回及额下回)的CT减低可能是PD伴疼痛患者的神经解剖基础,该区域可能通过调节疼痛感知以及与疼痛相关的情绪/情感、认知加工等方面参与了PD疼痛的发生。

Intelligent Recognition Using Ultralight Multifunctional Nano‑Layered Carbon Aerogel Sensors with Human‑Like Tactile Perception

Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory fusion.Under limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and rapidly.However,replicating this unique capability in robots remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a new form of ultralight multifunctional tactile nano-layered carbon aerogel sensor that provides pressure,temperature,material recognition and 3D location capabilities,which is combined with multimodal supervised learning algorithms for object recognition.The sensor exhibits human-like pressure(0.04–100 kPa)and temperature(21.5–66.2℃)detection,millisecond response times(11 ms),a pressure sensitivity of 92.22 kPa^(−1)and triboelectric durability of over 6000 cycles.The devised algorithm has universality and can accommodate a range of application scenarios.The tactile system can identify common foods in a kitchen scene with 94.63%accuracy and explore the topographic and geomorphic features of a Mars scene with 100%accuracy.This sensing approach empowers robots with versatile tactile perception to advance future society toward heightened sensing,recognition and intelligence.

Non-dimensional analysis on blast wave propagation in foam concrete:Minimum thickness to avoid stress enhancement

Foam concrete is a prospective material in defense engineering to protect structures due to its high energy absorption capability resulted from the long plateau stage.However,stress enhancement rather than stress mitigation may happen when foam concrete is used as sacrificial claddings placed in the path of an incoming blast load.To investigate this interesting phenomenon,a one-dimensional difference model for blast wave propagation in foam concrete is firstly proposed and numerically solved by improving the second-order Godunov method.The difference model and numerical algorithm are validated against experimental results including both the stress mitigation and the stress enhancement.The difference model is then used to numerically analyze the blast wave propagation and deformation of material in which the effects of blast loads,stress-strain relation and length of foam concrete are considered.In particular,the concept of minimum thickness of foam concrete to avoid stress enhancement is proposed.Finally,non-dimensional analysis on the minimum thickness is conducted and an empirical formula is proposed by curve-fitting the numerical data,which can provide a reference for the application of foam concrete in defense engineering.

作为拟形的“抽象游戏”:智能时代的女性虚拟化身生存与认知传播

本文围绕智能时代的女性与虚拟化身技术问题展开探讨。从可供性、可见性与可能性的视角来看,虚拟化身不仅是中介化的自我呈现工具,也是数字化生存的重要载体,经历了从话语到具身的研究路径转型,并影响着虚拟空间的自我他者认知与传播行为。由于具身化身影响的内隐性,女性人机传播中的化身研究需要借助女性主义的视角,超越本质主义进行自反性的探索。因此,智能时代女性化身生存的研究需要更多社会事实和经验,研究融合认知传播的研究范式与研究工具,以启发女性主义人机传播在瞬时反应与微观效果层面的更为细颗粒度的实证探索,以期为未来更为宏观的人与技术社会关系的理论化研究打下基础。

OSAHS患者的脑功能异常改变:基于VMHC的静息态fMRI研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者脑镜像同伦连接(voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity,VMHC)的改变及其与临床指标的相关性。材料与方法本研究以呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)15次/h为界值,分为中度或重度组(OSAHS组,n=68)、正常或轻度组(对照组,n=47)。所有被试者均为男性,均行多导睡眠(polysomnography,PSG)监测、剑桥神经心理自动化成套测试、结构及静息态fMRI扫描。比较组间VMHC指标差异,并提取异常脑区VMHC值与PSG指标和剑桥认知指标进行偏相关分析。结果与对照组相比,OSAHS组在双侧后扣带回、岛叶和颞上回的VMHC值显著增加(GRF校正,体素水平P<0.001,团块水平P<0.05,双尾);OSAHS组双侧后扣带回和岛叶的VMHC值均与空间再认记忆(spatial recognition memory,SRM)选择时间呈正相关(r=0.318,P=0.010;r=0.437,P<0.001)。结论OSAHS患者表现为特定脑区的VMHC值增高,提示脑功能代偿机制,并且这种异常脑改变与认知功能损害存在一定的相关性。

Identification of a three-gene prognostic signature for radioresistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is causing a high mortality rate due to the lack of efficient early prognosis markers and suitable therapeutic regimens.The prognostic role of genes responsible for the acquisition of radioresistance in ESCC has not been fully elucidated.AIM To establish a prognostic model by studying gene expression patterns pertinent to radioresistance in ESCC patients.METHODS Datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases.The edgeR,a Bioconductor package,was used to analyze mRNA expression between different groups.We screened genes specifically responsible for radioresistance to estimate overall survival.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to confirm whether the expression of those genes correlated with each other.Genes contributing to radioresistance and overall survival were assessed by the multivariate Cox regression model through the calculation ofβi and risk score using the following formula:∑^(n)_(i=1)βi×PSI.RESULTS We identified three prognostic mRNAs(cathepsin S[CTSS],cluster of differentiation 180[CD180],and SLP adapter and CSK-interacting membrane protein[SCIMP])indicative of radioresistance.The expression of the three identified mRNAs was related to each other(r>0.70 and P<0.05).As to 1-year and 3-year overall survival prediction,the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve of the signature consisting of the three mRNAs was 0.716 and 0.841,respectively.When stratifying patients based on the risk score derived from the signature,the high-risk group exhibited a higher death risk and shorter survival time than the low-risk group(P<0.0001).Overall survival of the low-risk patients was significantly better than that of the highrisk patients(P=0.018).CONCLUSION We have developed a novel three-gene prognostic signature consisting of CTSS,CD180,and SCIMO for ESCC,which may facilitate the prediction of early prognosis of this malignancy.

MSCT诊断气道侵袭性肺曲菌病16例分析及文献复习

目的:回顾性分析气道侵袭性肺曲菌病(Airway invasive aspergillosis,AWIA)的临床表现及MSCT征象,探讨MSCT诊断AWIA的价值。资料与方法:收集本院经病理证实或痰培养确诊为AWIA的16例患者的临床资料及影像学资料,并复习国内外相关文献。结果:16例患者初次MSCT图像中,均为多种形态病灶共存,其中支气管管壁增厚,管腔狭窄11例(68.8%),支气管周围斑片状实变影11例(68.8%),小/细支气管径扩张伴管壁增厚12例(75%),结节影(>5 mm)12例(75%),树芽征12例(75%),空洞4例(25%),磨玻璃样密度影5例(31.3%),少量胸腔积液4例(25%)。12例经伏立康唑等抗真菌药物治疗后行MSCT复查,6例在治疗初期出现临床症状好转,但MSCT上病灶较前进展或原病灶吸收的同时出现新发病灶。结论:MSCT显示小/细支气管径扩张伴管壁增厚、结节影、树芽征、支气管管壁增厚伴管腔狭窄及支气管周围斑片实变影对AWIA的诊断具有较高提示作用,结合临床资料分析有助于AWIA诊断。

Differences and Similarities of Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials:Strategies,Traps,Applications and Challenges

Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis have been essential parts of electrochemical processes for over half a century.Recent progress in the controllable synthesis of 2D nanomaterials has exhibited enhanced catalytic performance compared to bulk materials.This has led to significant interest in the exploitation of 2D nanomaterials for catalysis.There have been a variety of excellent reviews on 2D nanomaterials for catalysis,but related issues of differences and similarities between photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in 2D nanomaterials are still vacant.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview on the differences and similarities of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in the latest 2D nanomaterials.Strategies and traps for performance enhancement of 2D nanocatalysts are highlighted,which point out the differences and similarities of series issues for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.In addition,2D nanocatalysts and their catalytic applications are discussed.Finally,opportunities,challenges and development directions for 2D nanocatalysts are described.The intention of this review is to inspire and direct interest in this research realm for the creation of future 2D nanomaterials for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.

Structure, Performance, and Application of BiFeO_(3) Nanomaterials

Multiferroic nanomaterials have attracted great interest due to simultaneous two or more properties such as ferroelectricity,ferromagnetism,and ferroelasticity,which can promise a broad application in multifunctional,lowpower consumption,environmentally friendly devices.Bismuth ferrite(BiFeO3,BFO)exhibits both(anti)ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature.Thus,it has played an increasingly important role in multiferroic system.In this review,we systematically discussed the developments of BFO nanomaterials including morphology,structures,properties,and potential applications in multiferroic devices with novel functions.Even the opportunities and challenges were all analyzed and summarized.We hope this review can act as an updating and encourage more researchers to push on the development of BFO nanomaterials in the future.

The Philadelphia chromosome in leukemogenesis

The truncated chromosome 22 that results from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) is known as the Phila?delphia chromosome(Ph) and is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML).In leukemia cells,Ph not only impairs the physiological signaling pathways but also disrupts genomic stability.This aberrant fusion gene encodes the breakpoint cluster region?proto?oncogene tyrosine?protein kinase(BCR?ABL1) oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase activity.The kinase activity is responsible for maintaining proliferation,inhibiting differentia?tion,and conferring resistance to cell death.During the progression of CML from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase and then to the blast phase,the expression patterns of different BCR?ABL1 transcripts vary.Each BCR?ABL1 transcript is present in a distinct leukemia phenotype,which predicts both response to therapy and clinical outcome.Besides CML,the Ph is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia,acute myeloid leukemia,and mixed?phenotype acute leukemia.Here,we provide an overview of the clinical presentation and cellular biology of different phenotypes of Ph?positive leukemia and highlight key findings regarding leukemogenesis.

Laser-Etched Stretchable Graphene-Polymer Composite Array for Sensitive Strain and Viscosity Sensors

The ability to control surface wettability and liquid spreading on textured surfaces is of interest for extensive applications.Soft materials have prominent advantages for producing the smart coatings with multiple functions for strain sensing.Here,we report a simple method to prepare flexible hydrophobic smart coatings using graphene-polymer films.Arrays of individual patterns in the films were created by laser engraving and controlled the contact angle of small drops by pinning the contact lines in a horizontal tensile range of 0-200%.By means of experiments and model,we demonstrate that the ductility of drops is relied on the height-to-spacing ratio of the individual pattern and the intrinsic contact angle.Moreover,the change of drop size was utilized to measure the applied strain and liquid viscosity,enabling a strain sensitivity as high as 1068μm2/%.The proposed laser-etched stretchable graphene-polymer composite has potential applications in DNA microarrays,biological assays,soft robots,and so on.

Piezoelectric Materials for Controlling Electro-Chemical Processes

Piezoelectric materials have been analyzed for over 100 years,due to their ability to convert mechanical vibrations into electric charge or electric fields into a mechanical strain for sensor,energy harvesting,and actuator applications.A more recent development is the coupling of piezoelectricity and electro-chemistry,termed piezo-electro-chemistry,whereby the piezoelectrically induced electric charge or voltage under a mechanical stress can influence electro-chemical reactions.There is growing interest in such coupled systems,with a corresponding growth in the number of associated publications and patents.This review focuses on recent development of the piezo-electro-chemical coupling multiple systems based on various piezoelectric materials.It provides an overview of the basic characteristics of piezoelectric materials and comparison of operating conditions and their overall electro-chemical performance.The reported piezo-electro-chemical mechanisms are examined in detail.Comparisons are made between the ranges of material morphologies employed,and typical operating conditions are discussed.In addition,potential future directions and applications for the development of piezo-electro-chemical hybrid systems are described.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies on how piezoelectric materials and devices have been applied to control electro-chemical processes,with an aim to inspire and direct future efforts in this emerging research field.

High-performance supercapacitors based on free-standing SiC@PEDOT nanowires with robust cycling stability

Conductive polymers as one of the candidate materials with pseudocapacitor behavior have inspired wide attentions,because of their high conductivity,fexibility,low cost and excellent processability.However,the intrinsically poor cycling stability induced by the volume change over the doping/dedoping redox process limits their practical applications.Herein,we report the exploration of electrodes with robust cycling capacity for supercapacitors(SCs),which are rationally designed by coating conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)around free-standing SiC nanowires using an all-dry oxidative chemical vaper deposition(oCVD)method.The as-constructed SiC@PEDOT nanowire architecture enables a specific capacitance of 26.53 m F/cm^(2)at 0.2 m A/cm^(2),which is~370%to that of SiC nanowire counterpart(7.04 m F/cm^(2)).Moreover,their aqueous-based SCs exhibit robust cycling stability with104%capacity retention after 10000 cycles,which is among the highest values achieved for PEDOTbased SCs.

酒精性肝病与肠道微生态的研究进展

酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease, ALD)是由于长期大量饮酒所致的肝损害,以肝细胞脂肪变性和脂肪贮积为主要特征,疾病谱包括脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化和酒精性肝硬化,其中脂肪肝及早期酒精性肝炎在戒酒后可逆转. ALD的发病机制尚未完全明了,研究认为,肠道微生态失衡与ALD的发生发展密切相关.慢性酒精摄入可通过影响肠道黏膜通透性、肠道菌群失调、细菌移位等方式引起肠道微生态失衡,进而激活机体免疫应答,诱导肝脏产生炎性反应而造成肝损伤.基于此,临床可通过补充益生菌或益生元、合理应用抗生素及粪菌移植等方式调节肠道菌群失调,从而达到治疗的目的,此外,针对肠道微生态失衡的靶向治疗亦成为目前的研究热点.

2D Nanomaterials for Effective Energy Scavenging

The development of a nation is deeply related to its energy consumption.2D nanomaterials have become a spotlight for energy harvesting applications from the small-scale of low-power electronics to a large-scale for industry-level applications,such as self-powered sensor devices,environmental monitoring,and large-scale power generation.Scientists from around the world are working to utilize their engrossing properties to overcome the challenges in material selection and fabrication technologies for compact energy scavenging devices to replace batteries and traditional power sources.In this review,the variety of techniques for scavenging energies from sustainable sources such as solar,air,waste heat,and surrounding mechanical forces are discussed that exploit the fascinating properties of 2D nanomaterials.In addition,practical applications of these fabricated power generating devices and their performance as an alternative to conventional power supplies are discussed with the future pertinence to solve the energy problems in various fields and applications.

Nanogenerator-Based Self-Charging Energy Storage Devices

One significant challenge for electronic devices is that the energy storage devices are unable to provide su cient energy for continuous and long-time operation,leading to frequent recharging or inconvenient battery replacement.To satisfy the needs of next-generation electronic devices for sustainable working,conspicuous progress has been achieved regarding the development for nanogenerator-based self-charging energy storage devices.Herein,the development of the self-charging energy storage devices is summarized.Focus will be on preparation of nanomaterials for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors,structural design of the nanogenerator-based self-charging energy storage devices,performance testing,and potential applications.Moreover,the challenges and perspectives regarding self-charging energy storage devices are also discussed.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) sucrose transporter gene family

In higher plants, sugars （mainly sucrose） are produced by photosynthetically assimilated carbon in mesophyll cells of leaves and translocated to heterotrophic organs to ensure plant growth and devel- opment. Sucrose transporters, or sucrose carriers （SUCs）, play an important role in the long-distance transportation of sucrose from source organs to sink organs, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The identification, characterization, and molecular function analysis of sucrose transporter genes have been reported for monocot and dicot plants. However, no relevant study has been reported on sucrose transporter genes in Brassica rapa vat. rapa, a cruciferous root crop used mainly as vegetables and fodder. We identified and cloned 12 sucrose transporter genes from turnips, named BrrSUC1.1 to BrrSUCB.2 according to the SUC gene sequences of B. rapa pekinensis. We constructed a phylogenetic tree and analyzed conserved motifs for all 12 sucrose transporter genes identified. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction was conducted to understand the expression levels of SUC genes in different tissues and developmental phases of the turnip. These findings add to our understanding of the genetics and physiology of sugar transport during taproot formation in turnips.

Coupling Enhancement of a Flexible BiFeO_(3) Film-Based Nanogenerator for Simultaneously Scavenging Light and Vibration Energies

Coupled nanogenerators have been a research hotspot due to their ability to harvest a variety of forms of energy such as light,mechanical and thermal energy and achieve a stable direct current output.Ferroelectric films are frequently investigated for photovoltaic applications due to their unique photovoltaic properties and bandgap-independent photovoltage,while the flexoelectric effect is an electromechanical property commonly found in solid dielectrics.Here,we effectively construct a new form of coupled nanogenerator based on a flexible BiFeO_(3) ferroelectric film that combines both flexoelectric and photovoltaic effects to successfully harvest both light and vibration energies.This device converts an alternating current into a direct current and achieves a 6.2% charge enhancement and a 19.3%energy enhancement to achieve a multi-dimensional"1+1>2"coupling enhancement in terms of current,charge and energy.This work proposes a new approach to the coupling of multiple energy harvesting mechanisms in ferroelectric nanogenerators and provides a new strategy to enhance the transduction efficiency of flexible functional devices.

Change and impact of left ventricular global longitudinal strain during transcatheter aortic valve implantation

BACKGROUND Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)is a safe and effective treatment for aortic stenosis,it still carries some risks,such as valve leaks,stroke,and even death.The left ventricular global longitudinal strain(LVGLS)measurement may be useful for the prediction of adverse events during this operation.AIM To explore the change of LVGLS during TAVI procedure and the relationship between LVGLS and perioperative adverse events.METHODS In this study,61 patients who had undergone percutaneous transfemoral TAVI were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography.Before surgery,data on left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and LVGLS were collected separately following balloon expansion and stent implantation.Difference in values of LVGLS and LVEF during preoperative balloon expansion(pre-ex),preoperative stent implantation(pre-im)and balloon expansion-stent implantation(ex-im)were also examined.Adverse events were defined as perioperative death,cardiac rupture,heart arrest,moderate or severe perivalvular leakage,significant mitral regurgitation during TAVI,perioperative moderate or severe mitral regurgitation,perioperative left ventricular outflow tract obstruction,reoperation,and acute heart failure.RESULTS The occurrence of perioperative adverse events was associated with differences in pre-ex LVGLS,but not with difference in pre-ex LVEF.There were significant differences between pre-LVGLS and ex-LVGLS,and between pre-LVGLS and im-LVGLS(P=0.037 and P=0.020,respectively).However,differences in LVEF were not significant(P=0.358,P=0.254);however differences in pre-ex LVGLS were associated with pre-LVGLS(P=0.045).Compared to LVEF,LVGLS is more sensitive as a measure of left heart function during TAVI and the perioperative period.Moreover,the differences in LVGLS were associated with the occurrence of perioperative adverse events,and changes in LVGLS were apparent in patients with undesirable LVGLS before the surgery.Furthermore,LVGLS is useful to predict changes in cardiac function during TAVI.CONCLUSION Greater attention should be paid to the patients who plan to undergo TAVI with normal LVEF but poor LVGLS.

Quantum routing of few photons using a nonlinear cavity coupled to two chiral waveguides

We investigate few-photon scattering properties in two one-dimensional waveguides chirally coupled to a nonlinear cavity.The quantum states of scattered few photons are solved analytically via a real-space approach,and the solution indicates the few-photon reflection and transmission properties.When inputting two photons of equal energy to resonate with the cavity,the propagation characteristics of the two photons will be interesting,which is different from the previous anti-bunching effects with a quantum emitter.More importantly,when the total energy of the two incident photons equals the energy of a nonlinear cavity accommodating two photons,influence of the bound state will become larger to result in disappearance of antibunching effect.However,the bound state has no effect on probability of routing to another waveguide.