粤港澳大湾区CO_(2)排放趋势、驱动因素及减排路径

粤港澳大湾区是我国为建设世界级城市群提出的国家战略,其CO_(2)排放趋势、社会经济驱动因素和减排路径对区域经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本研究编制了2000-2019年粤港澳大湾区CO_(2)排放清单,采用对数平均迪氏指数法探究CO_(2)排放的关键驱动力。结果表明,粤港澳大湾区CO_(2)排放在2017年后明显放缓,已经与国内生产总值(GDP)增长脱钩。经济增长和能源强度分别是驱动和抑制粤港澳大湾区CO_(2)排放增加的主要因素。能源生产和重工业对粤港澳大湾区CO_(2)排放增长的推动作用降低,服务业正成为主要驱动力。粤港澳大湾区通过产业结构调整和升级实现低碳发展取得了显著成效。深圳和香港地区的产业升级以及深圳、广州和佛山的技术进步抑制了粤港澳大湾区CO_(2)排放增长。粤港澳大湾区各城市异质性增加了减排指标分配难度和制定区域碳中和路线图的复杂性。本研究提出了粤港澳大湾区城市分级减排策略和碳达峰碳中和建议,为制定粤港澳大湾区城市碳达峰和碳中和行动方案以及其他城市和地区的低碳发展提供了科学依据。

淀粉/酚醛预聚物共缩聚胶黏剂的制备

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用次氯酸钠进行氧化改性,并以聚乙烯醇为接枝剂进行接枝改性,再与酚醛预聚物进行共缩聚反应,制得淀粉/酚醛预聚物(S/PFO)共缩聚胶黏剂。讨论了淀粉/酚醛预聚物比例、共缩聚温度和共缩聚时间对S/PFO共缩聚胶黏剂固体含量、黏度、固化时间、干状胶合强度和湿状胶合强度的影响。结果表明,淀粉/酚醛预聚物比例为15/120,共缩聚温度为90℃,共缩聚时间为2.0 h时,所制得的S/PFO共缩聚胶黏剂综合性能最佳。采用同步热分析和扫描电子显微镜对S/PFO共缩聚胶黏剂的固化性能和胶合界面进行了表征。相比于酚醛树脂胶黏剂,S/PFO共缩聚胶黏剂固化温度和固化焓值均降低,能够有效降低生产能耗。S/PFO共缩聚胶黏剂能将木材表面的孔隙均匀填满,形成一层薄薄的且连续的胶膜,有利于提高其胶接强度和耐水性能。

复合固化剂固化河道淤泥力学性能研究及微观分析

以贵州遵义虾子河河道淤泥为研究对象,研究水泥-粉煤灰、水泥-高炉矿粉固化对淤泥力学性能的影响,并分析其微观机理。结果表明:2种复合固化剂均可提高淤泥的无侧限抗压强度,随龄期延长及固化剂掺量的增加也会使得试样的无侧限抗压强度提高,采用30%高炉矿粉+15%水泥复合固化剂时,固化淤泥的28 d无侧限抗压强度达到2435.7 kPa。粉煤灰和高炉矿粉的加入,使得水泥固化淤泥的水稳定性得到了改善,强度明显提高。

The role and its mechanism of intermittent fasting in tumors:friend or foe?

Intermittent fasting(IF)is becoming a prevailing topic worldwide,as it can cause changes in the body’s energy metabolism processes,improve health,and affect the progression of many diseases,particularly in the circumstance of oncology.Recent research has shown that IF can alter the energy metabolism of tumor cells,thereby inhibiting tumor growth and improving antitumor immune responses.Furthermore,IF can increase cancer sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reduce the side effects of these traditional anticancer treatments.IF is therefore emerging as a promising approach to clinical cancer treatment.However,the balance between long-term benefits of IF compared with the harm from insufficient caloric intake is not well understood.In this article,we review the role of IF in tumorigenesis and tumor therapy,and discuss some scientific problems that remain to be clarified,which might provide some assistance in the application of IF in clinical tumor therapy.

Cultivating New Agricultural Operators to Promote the Transformation and Upgrading of Traditional Agriculture——A Case Study of Nanchong City

In order to provide reference for cultivating new agricultural operators to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture,the main practices,achievements and problems of cultivating new agricultural operators to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province were analyzed firstly,and then some measures were proposed.

MAPK4 facilitates angiogenesis by inhibiting the ERK pathway in non-small cell lung cancer

Background:Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase 4(MAPK4)has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases.However,the potential role of MAPK4 in the tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC remains unclear.Methods:Adult male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into the control group and p-siMAPK4 intervention group,respectively.The cell proliferation was analyzed with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining.The vascular density in tumor mass was analyzed by immuno-fluorescence staining.The expressions of MAPK4 and related signaling molecules were detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining,and so on.Results:We found that the expression of MAPK4,which was dominantly expressed in local endothelial cells(ECs),was correlated with tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC.Furthermore,MAPK4 silencing inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of human umbilical vein ECs(HUVECs).QKHZC-2020-4Y156,QKH-JC-2018-1428,QKH-RC-2019-5612;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:2020-39;Program for Science and Technology Joint Fund Project in Zunyi Science and Technology Bureau and Zunyi Medical University,Grant/Award Numbers:ZSKH-RPT-2020-6,ZSKH-HZ-2021-193;Graduate Research Fund of Zunyi Medical University,Grant/Award Number:2023-ZYK-171 Global gene analysis showed that MAPK4 silencing altered the expression of multiple genes related to cell cycle and angiogenesis pathways,and that MAPK4 silencing increased transduction of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2(ERK1/2)pathway but not Akt and c-Jun n-terminal kinase pathways.Further analysis showed that MAPK4 silencing inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of HUVECs cultured in tumor cell supernatant,which was accompanied with increased transduction of the ERK1/2 pathway.Clinical data analysis suggested that the higher expression of MAPK4 and CD34 were associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC.Targeted silencing of MAPK4 in ECs using small interfering RNA driven by the CD34 promoter effectively inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth of NSCLC in vivo.Conclusion:Our results reveal that MAPK4 plays an important role in the angiogenesis and development of NSCLC.MAPK4 may thus represent a new target for NSCLC.

高排放城市在中国公平低碳转型中的杠杆效应

中国城市在全球碳减排中扮演着核心角色,然而中国城市间巨大的经济发展差异深刻影响了中国城市减排的进程.城际供应链连接了城市的生产和消费,被认为是塑造地区分化和减排疲软的因素之一,但该效应在先前的研究中往往没有得到充分的考虑.本文对2012年中国309个城市的供应链进行建模.利用该模型,我们揭示了城市间存在显著的碳不平等:中国最富裕的10个城市的人均碳足迹相当于美国的水平,而中国一半的城市则低于全球平均水平.然而,这种显著的碳不平等也蕴含着新的减排机遇,即对32个超高排放城市,根据其富裕程度、产业结构和供应链的位置采取不同的减排策略,将可创造高达1.4亿吨的碳配额,距离碳达峰值增加了30%的空间.额外的碳配额足够使经济发展欠发达人口的平均生活水平达到中上收入水平,突出了城市层面的合作机制具有促进公平和减排目标收敛的巨大潜力.

层状地层能源管桩传热性能试验研究

能源管桩与传统垂直地埋管换热器在换热器结构、环境敏感性和热传递行为等方面会存在显著差异,在东南大学九龙湖校区能源管桩原型试验场地,开展层状地层能源管桩长期原位热响应试验,能源管桩桩长为24 m,热交换管为单U型布置,试验时间长达1100 h,在距离能源管桩中心0.5,0.65和1.15 m处设置20 m深的地温孔对地温进行监测,并结合数值仿真技术,分析研究层状地层能源管桩的热传递行为,以及层状地层对能源桩换热性能的影响。研究结论如下:(1)开始加热时,距离能源桩越近,升温越快;经历长时间加热后,各层土体升温幅度和速度均有所下降:加热760 h后土中各点温度上升速度相比第一次连续加热下降80%以上。(2)当热响应功率变化时,距离能源桩越近的土体,受能源桩温度影响越大且响应越敏感,随着距离增大,温度影响变小;土体温度响应存在延迟效应,且距离能源桩越远,延迟越大。(3)在热导率和热扩散系数较高的土层中,靠近能源桩的土体温度升幅和上升速度均较小;反之,在热导率较低的土层中,靠近能源桩的土体温度升幅较快和上升速度较大。(4)热响应仪停止加热后,各点地温均下降。近处地温恢复较快,而远处由于延迟效应,地温呈现先上升再下降的趋势。(5)数值模拟结果显示热导率和比热容对土体传热有不同的影响;土层热导率较高时能源桩换热量增大。

中国地级及以上城市碳排放达峰及驱动力分析

中国在推进全球气候变化减缓中扮演着重要的角色.以城市为单位的碳排放趋势和达峰模式研究可为中国碳排放达峰目标的兑现与低碳转型路线的落地提供支撑.本研究编制了中国287个地级及以上城市2001~2019年二氧化碳排放清单,涵盖47个社会经济部门、17种化石燃料燃烧和水泥生产过程相关排放,并探究了各城市的碳排放达峰状态及其驱动力.结果表明,截至2019年,全国共有59个地级及以上城市出现了碳排放的持续下降,其中38个城市为主动达峰型,21个城市则是被动下降型.38个主动达峰城市碳减排的主要驱动力为能源效率提高和能源结构调整,而21个被动下降城市的碳减排在一定程度上是由经济衰退或人口流失所导致的.未来,排放被动下降城市应抓住低碳目标带来的产业创新和绿色投资机遇,瞄准经济复苏和碳减排目标,实现排放与经济发展的强脱钩;主动达峰城市则应进一步探寻碳排放下降趋势的长久维持策略,为未达峰城市提供成功经验.

Inducible overexpression of RUNX1b/c in human embryonic stem cells blocks early hematopoiesis from mesoderm

RUNX1 绝对为 RUNX1b/c 的权威的造血作用，而是功能被要求，人的 RUNX1 的二 isoforms，是不清楚的。我们建立了可诱导的 RUNX1b/c-overexpressing 人的胚胎的干细胞(hESC ) 线，在 RUNX1b/c， overexpression 阻止了 CD34+ 房间的出现早舞台，急速地从而减少造血的干细胞的生产。同时，造血作用相关的因素的表示是 downregulated。然而，如此的阻塞效果从在 hESC/AGM-S3 房间合作文化的白天 6 消失了，证明阻塞发生在 hemogenic endothelial 房间的产生前。这阻塞被 RepSox 部分救，转变生长因素(TGF ) 的一个禁止者 - 发信号的小径，显示在 RUNX1b/c 和 TGF- 小径之间的一种靠近的关系。我们的结果在早造血作用的开发建议 RUNX1b/c 的一个唯一的禁止的函数并且可以在正常和 diseased 模型帮助它的生物函数的进一步的理解。

Tetrandrine inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells by BMP9/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling

Despite advances in screening and treatment,colon cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death.Finding novel and useful drug treatment targets is also an urgent need for clinical applications.Tetrandrine(Tet)is extracted from the Chinese medicinal herbal medicine,which is a well-known calcium blocker with a variety of pharmacological activities,including anti-cancer.In this study,we recruited cell viability assay,flow cytometry analysis,cloning formation to confirm that Tet can inhibit the proliferation of SW620 cells,and induce apoptosis.Mechanically,we confirmed that Tet up-regulates the mRNA and protein level of BMP9 in SW620 cells.Over-expression BMP9 enhances the anticancer effects of Tet in SW620 cells,but these effects can be partly reversed by silencing BMP9.Also,Tet reduces phosphorylation of Aktl/2/3 in SW620 cells,which could be elevated by overexpressed BMP9 and impaired by silencing BMP9.Furthermore,we demonstrated that Tet reduces phosphorylated PTEN,which can be promoted by overexpressed BMP9,analogously also be attenuated through silencing BMP9.Finally,we introduced a xenograft tumor model to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Tet,further to explore the effects of BMP9 and PTEN in SW620 cells.Our findings suggested that the anti-cancer activity of Tet in SW620 cells may be mediated partly by up-regulating BMP9,followed by inactivation PI3K/Akt through up-regulating PTEN at least.

人工晶状体表面改性抑制后发性白内障的研究进展

白内障是目前最主要的致盲性眼病,临床上通常采用超声乳化联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入对其进行治疗。该手术术后视力恢复良好。但是所植入的IOL是一种外来性异物,术后除了急性炎症反应之外,存在着远期的体内生物相容性问题,即后发性白内障,严重影响术后的视觉质量。虽然手术方式改进、IOL设计加工改良等能降低后发性白内障的发生率,但由于材料本身的相容性问题并未获得改善,仍能导致后发性白内障的发生。笔者从材料学的角度对材料表面性能改性抑制后发性白内障作一综述。

Inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling promotes the terminal differentiation of human erythroblasts

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)plays an important role during mammalian embryo development.Inhibition of AHR signaling promotes the development of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.AHR also regulates the functional maturation of blood cells,such as T cells and megakaryocytes.However,little is known about the role of AHR modulation during the development of erythroid cells.In this study,we used the AHR antagonist StemRegenin 1(SR1)and the AHR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin during different stages of human erythropoiesis to elucidate the function of AHR.We found that antagonizing AHR signaling improved the production of human embryonic stem cell derived erythrocytes and enhanced erythroid terminal differentiation.RNA sequencing showed that SR1 treatment of proerythroblasts upregulated the expression of erythrocyte differentiation-related genes and downregulated actin organization-associated genes.We found that SR1 accelerated F-actin remodeling in terminally differentiated erythrocytes,favoring their maturation of the cytoskeleton and enucleation.We demonstrated that the effects of AHR inhibition on erythroid maturation were associated with F-actin remodeling.Our findings help uncover the mechanism for AHRmediated human erythroid cell differentiation.We also provide a new approach toward the large-scale production of functionally mature human pluripotent stem cell-derived erythrocytes for use in translational applications.

Somatic mutations predict prognosis in myelodysplastic syndrome patients with normal karyotypes

Dear Editor,Myelodysplastic syndromes(MDSs)are a group of clonal myeloid stem cell disorders characterized by varying degrees of cytopenias,cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities,and a predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia(AML).The treatments for MDS mainly consist of cytoreductive treatment,such as traditional AML-like chemotherapy,hypomethylating agents(HMAs),allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(alio-HSCT)and immunoregulation according to risk stratification.

HOXC4 up-regulates NF-κB signaling and promotes the cell proliferation to drive development of human hematopoiesis, especially CD43+ cells

The hematopoietic function of HOXC4 has not been extensively investigated.Our research indicated that induction of HOXC4 in co-culture system from D10 significantly promoted productions of most hematopoietic progenitor cells.CD34−CD43+cells could be clearly classified into CD34−CD43^(low) and CD34−CD43^(high) sub-populations at D14.The former cells had greater myelogenic potential,and their production was not significantly influenced by induction of HOXC4.By contrast,the latter cells had greater potential to differentiate into megakaryocytes and erythroid cells,and thus had properties of erythroid–megakaryocyte common progenitors,which abundance was increased by∼2-fold when HOXC4 was induced from D10.For CD34−CD43^(low),CD34+CD43+,and CD34−CD43^(high) sub-populations,CD43 level served as a natural index for the tendency to undergo hematopoiesis.Induction of HOXC4 from D10 caused more CD43+cells sustain in S-phase with up-regulation of NF-κB signaling,which could be counteracted by inhibition of NF-κB signaling.These observations suggested that promotion of hematopoiesis by HOXC4 is closely related to NF-κB signaling and a change in cell-cycle status,which containing potential of clinical applications.

Dynamic regulation of GATA2 in fate determination in hematopoiesis: possible approach to hPSC-derived hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells

GATA2,a principal member of the GATA family,plays important roles in the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.Among the three mRNA transcripts,the distal first exon of GATA2(IS exon)is specific for hematopoietic and neuronal cells.GATA2 mutants with abnormal expression are often present in acute myeloid leukemia-related familial diseases and myelodysplastic syndrome,indicating the crucial significance of GATA2 in the proper maintenance of blood system functions.This article offers an overview of the regulation dynamics and function of GATA2 in the generation,proliferation,and function of hematopoietic stem cells in both mouse and human models.We acknowledge the current progress in the cell fate determination mechanism by dynamic GATA2 expression.The gene modification approaches for inspecting the role of GATA2 in definitive hematopoiesis demonstrate the potential for acquiring hPSC-derived hematopoietic stem cells via manipulated GATA2 regulation.

Accumulation and elimination of iron oxide nanomaterials in zebrafish(Danio rerio) upon chronic aqueous exposure

A 52-day continuous semi-static waterborne exposure（test media renewed daily） regimen was employed to investigate the accumulation and elimination profiles of two iron oxide nanomaterials（nano-Fe2O3 and nano-Fe3O4） in zebrafish（Danio rerio）. Adult zebrafish were exposed to nanomaterial suspensions with initial concentrations of 4.0 and 10.0 mg/L for28 days and then were moved to clean water for 24 days to perform the elimination experiment. Fe content was measured in fish body and feces to provide data on accumulation and elimination of the two iron oxide nanomaterials in zebrafish. The experiment revealed that：（1） high accumulation of nano-Fe2O3 and nano-Fe3O4 were found in zebrafish, with maximum Fe contents, respectively, of 1.32 and 1.25 mg/g for 4.0 mg/L treatment groups and 1.15 and 0.90 mg/g for 10.0 mg/L treatment groups;（2） accumulated nanoparticles in zebrafish can be eliminated efficiently（the decrease of body burden of Fe conforms to a first-order decay equation） when fish were moved to nanoparticle-free water,and the elimination rates ranged from 86% to 100% by 24 days post-exposure; and（3）according to analysis of Fe content in fish excrement in the elimination phase, iron oxide nanomaterials may be adsorbed via the gastrointestinal tract, and stored for more than12 days.

RUNX1-205, a novel splice variant of the human RUNX1 gene, has blockage effect on mesoderm-hemogenesis transition and promotion effect during the late stage of hematopoiesis

Runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1)is required for definitive hematopoiesis;however,the functions of most human RUNX1 isoforms are unclear.In particular,the effects of RUNX1-205(a novel splice variant that lacks exon 6 in comparison with RUNX1b)on human hematopoiesis are not clear.In this study,a human embryonic stem cell(hESC)line with inducible RUNX1-205 overexpression was established.Analyses of these cells revealed that induction of RUNX1-205 overexpression at early stage did not influence the induction of mesoderm but blocked the emergence of CD34+cells,and the production of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells was significantly reduced.In addition,the expression of hematopoiesis-related factors was downregulated.However,these effects were abolished when RUNX1-205 overexpression was induced after Day 6 in co-cultures of hESCs and AGM-S3 cells,indicating that the inhibitory effect occurred prior to generation of hemogenic endothelial cells,while the promotive effect could be observed during the late stage of hematopoiesis.This is very similar to that of RUNX1b.Interestingly,the mRNA expression profile of RUNX1-205 during hematopoiesis was distinct from that of RUNX1b,and the protein stability of RUNX1-205 was much higher than that of RUNX1b.Thus,the function of RUNX1-205 in normal and diseased models should be further explored.

Optimized thyroid transcription factor-1 core promoter-driven microRNA-7 expression effectively inhibits the growth of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells

Targeted gene therapy has become a promising approach for lung cancer treatment.In our previous work,we reported that the targeted expression of microRNA-7(miR-7)operated by thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1)promoter inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo;however,the intervention efficiency needed to be further improved.In this study,we identified the core promoter of TTF-1(from-1299 bp to-871 bp)by 5’deletion assay and screened out the putative transcription factors nuclear factor-1(NF-1)and activator protein-1(AP-1).Further analysis revealed that the expression level of NF-1,but not AP-1,was positively connected with the activation of TTF-1 core promoter in human non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Moreover,the silencing of NF-1 could reduce the expression level of miR-7 operated by TTF-1 core promoter.Of note,we optimized four distinct sequences to form additional NF-1-binding sites(TGGCA)in the sequence of TTF-1 core promoter(termed asTTF-1 promoter),and verified the binding efficiency of NF-1 on theTTF-1 promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).As expected,theTTF-1 promoter could more effectively drive miR-7 expression and inhibit the growth of human NSCLC cells in vitro,accompanied by a reduced transduction of NADH dehydrogenase(ubiquinone)1αsubcomplex 4(NDUFA4)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway.Consistently,TTF-1 promoter-driven miR-7expression could also effectively abrogate the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in a murine xenograft model of human NSCLC.Finally,no significant changes were detected in the biological indicators or the histology of some important tissues and organs,including heart,liver,and spleen.On the whole,our study revealed that the optimized TTF-1 promoter could more effectively operate miR-7 to influence the growth of human NSCLC cells,providing a new basis for the development of microRNA-based targeting gene therapy against clinical lung cancer.

Early development and functional properties of tryptase/chymase double-positive mast cells from human pluripotent stem cells

Mast cells (MCs) play a pivotal role in the hypersensitivity reaction by regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. Humans have two types of MCs. The first type, termed MCTC, is found in the skin and other connective tissues and expresses both tryptase and chymase, while the second, termed MCT, which only expresses tryptase, is found primarily in the mucosa. MCs induced from human adult-type CD34+ cells are reported to be of the MCT type, but the development of MCs during embryonic/fetal stages is largely unknown. Using an efficient coculture system, we identified that a CD34+c-kit+ cell population, which appeared prior to the emergence of CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), stimulated robust production of pure Tryptase+Chymase+ MCs (MCTCs). Single-cell analysis revealed dual development directions of CD34+c-kit+ progenitors, with one lineage developing into erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) and the other lineage developing into HSPC. Interestingly, MCTCs derived from early CD34+c-kit+ cells exhibited strong histamine release and immune response functions. Particularly, robust release of IL-17 suggested that these early developing tissue-type MCTCs could play a central role in tumor immunity. These findings could help elucidate the mechanisms controlling early development of MCTCs and have significant therapeutic implications.