Classification of anatomical morphology of cystic duct and its association with gallstone

BACKGROUND Gallstones are common lesions that often require surgical intervention.Laparo-scopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones.Preoperatively,the anatomical morphology of the cystic duct(CD),needs to be accurately recognized,especially when anatomical variations occur in the CD,which is otherwise prone to bile duct injury.However,at present,there is no optimal classification system for CD morphology applicable in clinical practice,and the relationship between anatomical variations in CDs and gallstones remains to be explored.AIM To create a more comprehensive clinically applicable classification of the morphology of CD and to explore the correlations between anatomic variants of CD and gallstones.METHODS A total of 300 patients were retrospectively enrolled from October 2021 to January 2022.The patients were divided into two groups:The gallstone group and the nongallstone group.Relevant clinical data and anatomical data of the CD based on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)were collected and analyzed to propose a morphological classification system of the CD and to explore its relationship with gallstones.Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analyses to identify the independent risk factors using variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.RESULTS Of the 300 patients enrolled in this study,200(66.7%)had gallstones.The mean age was 48.10±13.30 years,142(47.3%)were male,and 158(52.7%)were female.A total of 55.7%of the patients had a body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m2.Based on the MRCP,the CD anatomical typology is divided into four types:Type I:Linear,type II:n-shaped,type III:S-shaped,and type IV:W-shaped.Univariate analysis revealed differences between the gallstone and nongallstone groups in relation to sex,BMI,cholesterol,triglycerides,morphology of CD,site of CD insertion into the extrahepatic bile duct,length of CD,and angle between the common hepatic duct and CD.According to the multivariate analysis,female,BMI(≥24 kg/m2),and CD morphology[n-shaped:Odds ratio(OR)=10.97,95%confidence interval(95%CI):5.22-23.07,P<0.001;S-shaped:OR=4.43,95%CI:1.64-11.95,P=0.003;W-shaped:OR=7.74,95%CI:1.88-31.78,P=0.005]were significantly associated with gallstones.CONCLUSION The present study details the morphological variation in the CD and confirms that CD tortuosity is an independent risk factor for gallstones.

The MING proposal at SHINE:megahertz cavity enhanced X‑ray generation

The cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser(XFEL)has promise in producing fully coherent pulses with a bandwidth of a few meV and very stable intensity,whereas the currently existing self-amplified spontaneous emission(SASE)XFEL is capable of generating ultra-short pulses with chaotic spectra.In general,a cavity-based XFEL can provide a spectral brightness three orders of magnitude higher than that of the SASE mode,thereby opening a new door for cutting-edge scientific research.With the development of superconducting MHz repetition-rate XFEL facilities such as FLASH,European-XFEL,LCLS-II,and SHINE,practical cavity-based XFEL operations are becoming increasingly achievable.In this study,megahertz cavity enhanced X-ray generation(MING)is proposed based on China’s first hard XFEL facility-SHINE,which we refer to as MING@SHINE.

On the Innovation of Marketing Channel Modes of China's Seed Industry

In China,the seed industry has fierce competition. The situation of homogeneous management and homogeneous products is serious. A key problem is simple and outmoded marketing channel of seed. It threatens sustainable development of seed enterprises. At present,the two-level distribution channel of seed industry has problems of similarity,low access threshold,and unfair benefit distribution,and thus urgently needs innovation. The innovation of distribution channel is inevitable requirement for promoting reorganization of China's seed industry and building of new order,is necessary weapon for dealing with trans-national seed industry competition,is essential measure for lifting the overall service level of seed industry,and is also essential means for conforming to stage development of China's agriculture. The innovation of seed marketing channel should consider changes of future agricultural development,deep-level demand of industrial market and services,scitech development level,fair distribution of industrial profit,and differentiated competition. It is recommended that channel innovation should follow the flat principle,have new and unique conception,give full play connection advantage of marginal industry,realize complementary advantages and mutual promotion,strengthen service awareness,combine with agricultural development trend,and seek sci-tech innovation of channel carrier- variety.

The multiwavelength emission from the gamma-ray binary LS I + 61 303

This paper presents a hadronic dominated jet model to investigate multi- wavelength emission from the microquasar LS I ＋61 303. In this scenario, we take into account evolutions of the primary particles and secondary e± pairs; these pairs are produced by the collisional interactions of the accelerated protons with the cold jet protons and the stellar wind ions. In this model, the non-thermal photons are produced by πο decay emission, synchrotron and inverse Compton scattering processes from the primary electrons and secondary pairs, and relativistic bremsstrahlung emission from the secondary leptonic pairs. Based on this model framework, we show that the spectral energy distributions can be produced by the primary and secondary particles via interactions with the cold matter, and magnetic and stellar radiation fields. We also consider the attenuation of angular dependence γ-γ due to the effects of the stel- lar target photon fields. The resulting model can approximately reproduce the recent quasi-simultaneous observational data points and the non-simultaneous multi-band observations.

High-throughput screening of SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like protease inhibitors

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people,leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment.Here,we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease(M^(pro))and papain like protease(PL^(pro)),two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome,and identified 1851M^(pro)inhibitors and 205 PL^(pro)inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits.Among these inhibitors,eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both M^(pro)and PL^(pro),exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment.The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay,with over 40%of M^(pro)inhibitors and over 20%of PL^(pro)inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity.The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8Åresolution.Together with docking assays,our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.

Systematic studies on the nuclear parton distribution with photon and hadron productions in nuclear collisions at the LHC

A systematic study on the impact of widely-used nuclear-modified parton distribution function(nPDF)parameterizations on the production of direct photons and charged hadrons is performed by employing a next-toleading order Monte Carlo event generator JETPHOX in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.The nuclear modification factors of photon and charged hadron productions are studied in three types of collision systems,i.e.,small(p+p and p+Pb),medium(O+O),and large(Pb+Pb),in a wide rapidity acceptance.The results illustrate that the direct photon production process is a sensitive probe to decipher the difference of the nPDF parameterization implementations,which provides new insights for the experimental measurements to refine the nuclear modifications of the parton distributions.To provide a benchmark for searching for quark gluon plasma in the upcoming small system measurements at LHC energies,we carry out detailed studies on the cold nuclear matter effect in(O+O)collisions.Our outcomes show that the cold nuclear matter effects are negligible for the charged hadron production in(O+O)collisions,which can be used as a baseline to subtract the initial state contribution.

县域教育资源配置对人力资本的影响——基于第七次人口普查数据的研究

县域教育资源配置是基层人力资本提升和乡村振兴人才队伍建设的重要支撑。本文整理了我国16省1066个县第七次人口普查数据,通过迭代主因子法构建县域教育资源配置指标并分析其对当地人力资本的影响。结果显示:县域教育资源配置可以显著改善当地人力资本状况,县域教育资源每增加1%,人均受教育年限提升0.18%~0.26%,接受过高中教育的人数占比明显提高,但每千人中接受过大学及以上教育的人数略有下降;中西部地区县域的教育资源配置对人均受教育年限以及高中学历人数占比的提升作用大于东部地区,县级市的教育资源配置有利于大学学历人数占比上升,普通行政县的教育资源对高中学历人数占比提升作用更大;县域教育资源配置加快了当地城镇化进程,并增强了吸引劳动力流入的能力,有利于持续优化人力资本结构。本文从县域视角提供了改善基层教育资源配置、优化人力资本结构、助力乡村振兴和新型城镇化的研究证据。

Massive migration promotes the early spread of COVID-19 in China: a study based on a scale-free network

Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic met coincidentally with massive migration before Lunar New Year in China in early 2020.This study is to investigate the relationship between the massive migration and the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China.Methods The epidemic data between January 25th and February 15th and migration data between Jan 1st and Jan 24th were collected from the official websites.Using the R package WGCNA,we established a scale-free network of the selected cities.Correlation analysis was applied to describe the correlation between the Spring Migration and COVID-19 epidemic.Results The epidemic seriousness in Hubei(except the city of Wuhan)was closely correlated with the migration from Wuhan between January 10 and January 24,2020.The epidemic seriousness in the other provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions was largely affected by the immigration from Wuhan.By establishing a scale-free network of the regions,we divided the regions into two modules.The regions in the brown module consisted of three municipalities,nine provincial capitals and other 12 cities.The COVID-19 epidemics in these regions were more likely to be aggravated by migration.Conclusions The migration from Wuhan could partly explain the epidemic seriousness in Hubei Province and other regions.The scale-free network we have established can better evaluate the epidemic.Three municipalities(Beijing,Shanghai and Tianjin),eight provincial capitals(including Nanjing,Changsha et al.)and 12 other cities(including Qingdao,Zhongshan,Shenzhen et al.)were hub cities in the spread of COVID-19 in China.

Seasonal dynamics of iron and phosphorus in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region

Background:Iron(Fe)and phosphorus(P)dynamics in sediments have direct and indirect impacts on water quality.However,the mobility of P and Fe in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region remains unclear.This study examined P and Fe pollution in sediments in a Eucalyptus plantation region using the novel planar optode,the ZrO-Chelex DGT,and the DIFS model.Results:Direct in situ investigations showed that the levels of labile P and Fe were smaller in the Eucalyptus species-dominated sediments(X2)compared to sediments without Eucalyptus species(X1).The mean concentration of labile P and Fe decreased by 25%and 42%from X1 to X2.The decrement was insignificant(p=0.20)in the surface sediment concentration for labile P.The significant disparity for DGT-Fe(Fe^(2+))(p=0.03)observed in the surface sediments could be attributed to the Eucalyptus species’elevated organic matter(tannins)concentration at X2,which reacted and consumed labile Fe.For both regions,the maximum concentration of labile P and Fe occurred in November(autumn).The reductive decomposition of Fe/Mn oxides was recognized as the main driver for their high P efflux in July and November.Low concentration of labile P and Fe was observed in December(winter)due to the adsorption of Fe/Mn oxides.The concentration of labile Fe synchronizes uniformly with that of labile P in both sediments indicating the existence of a coupling relationship(r>0.8,p<0.01)in both regions.The positive diffusion fluxes in both regions suggested that the sediments release labile P and Fe.The fluxes of labile P and Fe in both regions were substantially higher(p<0.05)in the summer(anoxic period)than winter(aerobic period),indicating that hypoxia and redox conditions influenced the seasonal efflux of labile P and Fe.From the DIFS model,the replenishment ability of reactive P was higher during the anoxic period(R=0.7,k_(1)=79.4 day^(-1),k_(-1)=0.2 day^(-1))than the aerobic period(R=0.4,k_(1)=14.2 day^(-1),k_(-1)=0.1 day^(-1)),suggesting that oxygen inhibited the efflux of P in the sediments.Conclusion:Our results indicated that hypoxia,Eucalyptus species(organic matter(tannins)),and redox conditions influenced the seasonal mobility of sediment labile P and Fe.Our findings provided an insight into the mobility of labile P and Fe in Eucalyptus-dominated sediments and,moreover,serves as a reference for developing future studies on Eucalyptus-dominated sediments.