The Anticancer Activities Phenolic Amides from the Stem of Lycium barbarum

Four new phenolic amides,4-O-methylgrossamide(1),(E)-2-(4,5-dihydroxy-2-{3-[(4-hydrox-yphenethyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl}-phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acryl-amide(2),(Z)-lyciumamide C(3),(Z)-thoreliamide B(4),together with thirteen known phenolic amides were identified from the stem of Lycium barbarum.The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods.All compounds were evaluated for their anti-cancer activities against human glioma stem cell lines.

Novel indole and quinoline alkaloids from Melodinus yunnanensis

6/7-Seco rearranged spiro-indolone alkaloids,meloyunines A(1)and B(2)and a monoterpenoid quinoline alkaloid meloyunine C(3)together with its possible intermediate 14,15-dehydromelohenine B(4),and their precursorΔ14-vincamenine(5)were isolated from Melodinus yunnanensis.All structures were elucidated based on NMR,FTIR,UV,and MS spectroscopic data.The isolation of monoterpenoid indole,quinoline,and its immediate from the same plant chemically supported the biosynthesis of quinoline from indole.Compound 2 was cytotoxic against several human cancer cell lines.

Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Inadequately Dried Leaves of Alstonia scholaris

Six new indole alkaloids,named alstoniascholarines L–Q(1–6),together with nineteen known analogues were isolated from the inadequately dried leaves of Alstonia scholaris.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with the literature values.In addition,the new alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities.

Indole Alkaloids Inhibiting Neural Stem Cell from Uncaria rhynchophylla

Uncaria rhynchophylla is commonly recognized as a traditional treatment for dizziness,cerebrovascular diseases,and nervous disorders in China.Previously,the neuro-protective activities of the alkaloids from U.rhynchophylla were intensively reported.In current work,three new indole alkaloids(1–3),identified as geissoschizic acid(1),geissoschizic acid N4-oxide(2),and 3b-sitsirikine N4-oxide(3),as well as 26 known analogues were isolated from U.rhynchophylla.However,in the neural stem cells(NSCs)proliferation assay for all isolated compounds,geissoschizic acid(1),geissoschizic acid N4-oxide(2),isocorynoxeine(6),isorhynchophylline(7),(4S)-akuammigine N-oxide(8),and(4S)-rhynchophylline N-oxide(10)showed unexpected inhibitory activities at 10 μM.Unlike previous neuro-protective reports,as a warning or caution,our finding showcased a clue for possible NSCs toxicity and the neural lesions risk of U.rhynchophylla,while the structure–activity relationships of the isolated compounds were discussed also.

Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia rostrata

Four new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids,alstrostines C-F together with thirteen known alkaloids were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Alstonia rostrata.All structures of new compounds were elucidated based on NMR,FTIR,UV,and MS spectroscopic data.Alstrostines C-E might originate from keto-enol tautomerism of preakummicine during biogenetic pathway of akummicine.

Chemical components of Dysoxylum densiflorum

Three new diterpenoids,including two halimanes,5(10),13E-halimadiene-3α,15-diol(1),and 5(10),14-halimadiene-3α,13ξ-diol(2),one labdane,12-(3-methyl-furan)-labd-8(17)-en-19-oic acid(3),together with sixteen known compounds were isolated from the barks of Dysoxylum densiflorum.All compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis.

Indole Glycosides from Aqueous Fraction of Strychnos nitida

Three new indole glycosides 22-deoxystrictosamide(1),22-deoxystrictosamide Nb-oxide(2)and vincosamide 20-O-b-D-xylopyranoside-11-O-b-D-glucopyranoside(3),together with four known analogues were isolated from aqueous fraction of Strychnos nitida.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data.All the alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic activity,but they did not show any exciting result.

Antitumor Triterpenoid Saponin from the Fruits of Avicennia marina

The fruits of Avicennia marina are widely used for both medicine and food in Guangxi of China.As a part of our continuous effort to search for bioactive molecules from the plant,the fruits of A.marina were investigated,which has led to one new triterpenoid saponin(1)and 29 known compounds been isolated and their structures were established by using spectroscopic methods and comparing with literature data.The new triterpenoid saponin showed cytotoxicity against GSC3#and GSC-18# with the IC50 values were 12.21 and 5.53 μg/mL respectively,and most of the known compounds had significant antioxidant capacity with the IC_(50) values ranging from 0.36 to 13.07 μg/mL.

Three New Pyridine Alkaloids from Vinca major Cultivated in Pakistan

Three new pyridine type alkaloids,(-)-vinmajpyridines A–C(1–3),along with two known alkaloids,have been isolated from the aerial parts of Vinca major cultivated in Pakistan.Their structures have been elucidated by means of NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data.The new alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against glioma initiating cell lines(GITC-3#and GITC-18#),glioblastoma cell lines(U-87MG and T98G),and lung cancer cell line A-549,but none of them was active at 20 lg/mL concentration.

Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Ecdysanthera rosea

One new eudesmane sesquiterpenoid(1)named ecdysantherol A and two new benzene derivatives ecdysantherols B(2)and C(3),together with five known benzene derivatives(4–8)were isolated from the stems of Ecdysanthera rosea.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction.The known compounds were identified by the comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported literature data.Compound 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against the Providensia smartii with MIC value of 12.5 lg/mL.

Limonoid and Steroidal Saponin from Azadirachta indica

A new limonoid,17-(5-methoxy-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-28-deoxonimbolide(1),and a new C21 steroidal saponin,2a,4a-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-16-one-3a-O-D-glucopyranoside(2),together with 11 known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Azadirachta indica.The structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis and putative biosynthetic origins.All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against six bacterial strains.

Spiralosides A–C, Three New C_(27)-Steroidal Glycoalkaloids from the Fruits of Solanum spirale

Three new C_(27)-steroidal glycoalkaloids,spiralosides A–C(1–3),were obtained from the total alkaloids of Solanum spirale by chromatographic methods.On the basis of spectroscopic evidence,spiralosides A–C were elucidated as(22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-5-ene-3β,16a-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1),(22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-5-ene-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(2),(22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(3),respectively.The total alkaloids of S.spirale have been screened for their antitussive and expectorant effects in intact animal model.

Membrane Proteins as Potential Colon Cancer Biomarkers: Verification of 4 Candidates from a Secretome Dataset

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important health issue in Taiwan. There were over ten thousand newly diagnosed CRC patients each year. The outcome of late stage CRC still remains to be improved, and tumor markers are expected to improve CRC detection and management. From a colorectal cancer cell secretome database, we chose four proteins as candidates for clinical verification, including tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2, TACSTD2), transmembrane 9 superfamily member 2 (TM9SF2), and tetraspanin-6 (TSPAN6), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 (NGFR). Different groups of 30 CRC patients’ tissue samples collected from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the four proteins, and the results were scored by pathologist. For all the four candidate proteins, marked differences of IHC score existed between tumor and adjacent non-tumor counterpart. However, there were only trends between higher protein expression levels and worse outcome. Three proteins (TROP2, TM9SF2 and NGFR) had trends between higher tissue expression and tumor stage or lymph node metastasis. Our study revealed that tissue expression of four proteins (TROP2, TM9SF2, TSPAN6, and NGFR) was markedly different between tumor and adjacent non-tumor counterparts. Overexpression of all these four proteins showed some trends with poorer survival.

Physical layer security of underlay cognitive radio using maximal ratio combining

We investigate the secrecy outage performance of maximal ratio combining(MRC) in cognitive radio networks over Rayleigh fading channels. In a single-input multiple-output wiretap system, we consider a secondary user(SU-TX) that transmits confidential messages to another secondary user(SU-RX) equipped with M(M ≥ 1)antennas where the MRC technique is adopted to improve its received signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper equipped with N(N ≥ 1) antennas adopts the MRC scheme to overhear the information between SU-TX and SU-RX. SU-TX adopts the underlay strategy to guarantee the service quality of the primary user without spectrum sensing. We derive the closed-form expressions for an exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probability.