Clinical usefulness of the baby vision test in young children and its correlation with the Snellen chart

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.

Expressions of Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase(PARG) and Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase(MT1-MMP) in Colorectal Carcinoma

Objective：To investigate the significance of Poly（ADP-ribose） glycolhydrolase（PARG） and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase（MT1-MMP） expressions in human colorectal carcinoma.Methods：Immunohistochemical staining for PARG and MT1-MMP was carried out on colorectal adenoma-carcinoma tissue microarrays containing normal colorectal mucosae,adenoma,adenoma with malignant transformation and adenocarcinoma（total 130 specimens）.The expressions of PARG and MT1-MMP in the GLTN [Gallotannin]-treated and GLTN-untreated lovo cells were detected by Western Blot.Results：PARG expression in adenocarcinoma（83.1%） and adenoma with malignant transformation（66.7%） was significantly higher than that in normal colorectal mucosa（10%） and adenoma（10.5%）.Expression of MT1-MMp in normal colorectal mucosa and adenoma was negative,while the expression in adenocarcinoma（80.3%） and adenoma with malignant transformation（72.2%） was high.The expressions of PARG and MT1-MMP in adenocarcinoma with metastasis and in late tumor stages were significantly higher than those in adenocarcinoma with no metastasis and in early tumor stages.Thus,PARG expression shows a positive correlation with the expression of MT1-MMP.The expressions of PARG and MT1-MMP in GLTN-treated lovo cells were weaker than that in GLTN-untreated lovo cells.Conclusion：The expression of PARG was probably related to the development of colorectal carcinoma.PARG may play an important role for the regulation of MT1-MMP expression in colorectal carcinoma.

Arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 Regulates Glycolysis in Colorectal Cancer via the PI3K/AKT/HIF1αPathway

Objective:Arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1(ART1)is involved in the regulation of a diverse array of pathophysiological processes,including proliferation,invasion,apoptosis,autophagy and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC)cells.However,how ART1 regulates glycolysis in CRC remains elusive.Methods:To elucidate the role of ART1 in glycolysis in CRC,we assessed the protein level of ART1,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF1α),and glucose transporter type 1(GLUT1)in 61 CRC tumor tissue specimens obtained from patients with different 2-[^(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose(^(18)F-FDG)uptake as analyzed by PET/CT before surgery.Colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells with ART1 knockdown and overexpression were established,respectively,and the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of ART1 on glycolysis in CRC was determined both in vivo and in vitro.Results:The expression of ART1 and GLUT1 was significantly associated with FDG uptake(P=0.037 and P=0.022,respectively)in CRC tissues.Furthermore,the expression of hexokinase 2(HK2)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)was upregulated in ART1-overexpressed CT26 cells,but was downregulated in ART1-knockdown CT26 cells.The volume and weight of subcutaneously transplanted tumors were markedly increased in the ART1-overexpressed BALB/c mice group and decreased in the ART1-knockdown group.In CT26 cells,the overexpression of ART1 promoted the expression levels of HK2 and LDH,and knockdown of ART1 suppressed them in the CT26 tumors.In both normal and hypoxic conditions,ART1 expression was associated with the protein level of phospho-serine/threonine kinase(p-AKT),HIF1α,and GLUT1 but not with that of AKT in CT26 cells and subcutaneous transplanted tumors.Conclusion:ART1 plays a crucial role in the elevation of glucose consumption in CT26 cells and may regulate GLUT1-dependent glycolysis in CRC via the PI3K/AKT/HIF1αpathway.

A Secure Multiparty Quantum Homomorphic Encryption Scheme

The significant advantage of the quantum homomorphic encryption scheme is to ensure the perfect security of quantum private data.In this paper,a novel secure multiparty quantum homomorphic encryption scheme is proposed,which can complete arbitrary quantum computation on the private data of multiple clients without decryption by an almost dishonest server.Firstly,each client obtains a secure encryption key through the measurement device independent quantum key distribution protocol and encrypts the private data by using the encryption operator and key.Secondly,with the help of the almost dishonest server,the non-maximally entangled states are preshared between the client and the server to correct errors in the homomorphic evaluation of T gates,so as to realize universal quantum circuit evaluation on encrypted data.Thirdly,from the perspective of the application scenario of secure multi-party computation,this work is based on the probabilistic quantum homomorphic encryption scheme,allowing multiple parties to delegate the server to perform the secure homomorphic evaluation.The operation and the permission to access the data performed by the client and the server are clearly pointed out.Finally,a concrete security analysis shows that the proposed multiparty quantum homomorphic encryption scheme can securely resist outside and inside attacks.