New Interpretation of Neonatal Outcomes by Phenotypically Classified Preterm Syndrome:A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective:The global aim to lower preterm birth rates has been hampered by the insufficient and incomplete understanding of its etiology,classification,and diagnosis.This study was designed to evaluate the association of phenotypically classified preterm syndromes with neonatal outcomes;to what extent would these outcomes be modified after the obstetric interventions,including use of glucocorticoid,magnesium sulfate,and progesterone.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Tongji Hospital(composed of Main Branch,Optical Valley Branch and Sino-French New City Branch)in Wuhan.A total of 900 pregnant women and 1064 neonates were retrospectively enrolled.The outcomes were the distribution of different phenotypes among parturition signs and pathway to delivery,the association of phenotypically classified clusters with short-term unfavorable neonatal outcomes,and to what extent these outcomes could be modified by obstetric interventions.Results:Eight clusters were identified using two-step cluster analysis,including premature rupture of fetal membranes(PPROM)phenotype,abnormal amniotic fluid(AF)phenotype,placenta previa phenotype,mixed condition phenotype,fetal distress phenotype,preeclampsia-eclampsia&hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelets syndrome(PE-E&HELLP)phenotype,multiple fetus phenotype,and no main condition phenotype.Except for no main condition phenotype,the other phenotypes were associated with one or more complications,which conforms to the clinical practice.Compared with no main condition phenotype,some phenotypes were significantly associated with short-term adverse neonatal outcomes.Abnormal AF phenotype,mixed condition phenotype,PE-E&HELLP phenotype,and multiple fetus phenotype were risk factors for neonatal small-for gestation age(SGA);placenta previa phenotype was not associated with adverse outcomes except low APGAR score being 0-7 at one min;mixed condition phenotype was associated with low APGAR scores,SGA,mechanical ventilation,and gradeⅢ-Ⅳintraventricular hemorrhage(IVH);fetal distress phenotype was frequently associated with neonatal SGA and mechanical ventilation;PE-E&HELLP phenotype was correlated with low APGAR score being 0-7 at one min,SGA and neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)admission;multiple fetus phenotype was not a risk factor for the outcomes included except for SGA.Not all neonates benefited from obstetric interventions included in this study.Conclusion:Our research disclosed the independent risk of different preterm phenotypes for adverse pregnancy outcomes.This study is devoted to putting forward the paradigm of classifying preterm birth phenotypically,with the ultimate purpose of defining preterm phenotypes based on multi-center studies and diving into the underlying mechanisms.

年龄相关性黄斑变性患者血清miR-23a和miR-34a的表达水平及临床意义

目的:研究年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)患者血清miR-23a和miR-34a的表达水平及其与ARMD发生发展的关系。方法:选取2015-05/2018-02在我院诊治的ARMD患者102例作为病例组,同期体检健康者70例作为对照组,采用RT-PCR检测两组受检者血清miR-23a、miR-34a相对表达量,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和核因子κB(NF-κB)水平,分析ARMD患者血清miR-23a、miR-34a表达水平与TNF-α、NF-κB的关系及其对ARMD的诊断价值。结果:病例组患者血清miR-23a和miR-34a相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0. 01);病例组晚期患者血清miR-23a和miR-34a相对表达量均显著高于中期和早期患者(P<0. 01),中期患者血清miR-23a和miR-34a相对表达量均显著高于早期患者(P <0. 01)。病例组患者血清TNF-α和NF-κB水平均显著高于对照组(P <0. 01)。病例组患者血清miR-23a与TNF-α、NF-κB均呈显著正相关(r=0. 798、0. 720,均P <0. 01),血清miR-34a与TNF-α、NF-κB均呈显著正相关(r=0. 814、0. 740,均P <0. 01)。血清miR-23a、miR-34a诊断ARMD的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0. 831、0. 867。结论:ARMD患者血清miR-23a和miR-34a表达上调,可能通过促进炎症和氧化应激反应参与ARMD发生及发展过程,检测血清miR-23a和miR-34a有助于ARMD的早期辅助诊断及预防治疗。

MicroRNA-9-3p在2型糖尿病合并不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆中的表达分析

目的检测microRNA-9-3p(miR-9-3p)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者以及T2DM合并不稳定型心绞(T2DM+UA)痛患者血浆中的表达水平,分析miR-9-3p对于T2DM以及T2DM+UA的诊断价值。方法选取2012年1月-2013年6月唐山市工人医院就诊的单纯T2DM患者50例为T2DM组,T2DM+UA患者50例为T2DM+UA组,健康体检人员30例为对照组。抽取患者外周静脉血,提取microRAN(miRNA),应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(q RT-PCR),以miR-423-5p为内参,检测3组血浆中miR-9-3p表达水平,应用受试者工作曲线(ROC)统计分析其对于T2DM以及T2DM+UA的诊断价值。结果 3组血浆miR-9-3p表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),T2DM组及T2DM+UA组均高于对照组,T2DM+UA组高于T2DM组;miR-9-3p对于T2DM的诊断价值AUC=0.723(95%CI:0.610,0.837,P<0.05),miR-9-3p对于T2DM+UA的诊断价值AUC=0.972(95%CI:0.963,0.981,P<0.05)。结论 miR-9-3p在T2DM以及T2DM+UA患者血浆表达水平升高,miR-9-3p有望作为T2DM以及T2DM+UA早期诊断的分子标志物。

Photoelectron imaging of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and above-threshold ionization of ammonia molecules in a strong 800-nm laser pulse

In this work, we mainly investigate the NH3 molecular multiphoton ionization process by using the photoelectron velocity map imaging technique. Under the condition of femtosecond laser(wavelength at 800 nm), the photoelectron images are detected. The channel switching and above-threshold ionization(ATI) effect are also confirmed. The kinetic energy spectrum(KES) and the photoelectron angular distributions(PADs) are obtained through the anti-Abel transformation from the original images, and then three ionization channels are confirmed successfully according to the Freeman resonance effect in a relatively low laser intensity region. In the excitation process, the intermediate resonance Rydberg states are C^1 A 1(6 + 2 photons process), B^1 E(6 + 2 photons process) and C^1 A 1(7 + 2 photons process), respectively. At the same time, we also find that the photoelectron angular distributions are independent of laser intensity. In addition, the electrons produced by different processes interfere with each other and they can produce a spider-like structure. We also find ac-Stark movement according to the Stark-shift-induced resonance effect when the laser intensity is relatively high.

Imaging alignment of rotational state-selected CH_3I molecule

We experimentally and numerically investigate CH_3I molecular alignment by using a femtosecond laser and a hexapole. The hexapole provides the single |111〉rotational state condition at 4.5-kV hexapole rod voltage. Based on this single rotational state, an enhanced alignment degree of 0.73 is achieved. Our experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. We experimentally obtain the ion velocity map images and show the influence of the initial rotational-state population. With the I+ion images and angular distributions at different pump-probe delay time, the alignment and anti-alignment phenomena are further demonstrated. The molecules will be under field-free conditions when the laser effect disappears completely at the full revival time. Our work shows that the quantum control and spatial control on CH_3I molecules can be realized and molecular coordinate frame can be obtained for further molecular experiment.

Photoelectron imaging on vibrational excitation and Rydberg intermediate states in multi-photon ionization process of NH3 molecule

The ionization processes of NH3 molecule are studied by photoelectron velocity map imaging technique in a linearly polarized 400-nm femtosecond laser field. The two-dimensional photoelectron images from ammonia molecules under different laser intensities are obtained. In the slow electron region, the values of kinetic energy of photoelectrons corresponding to peaks 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 0.27, 0.86, 1.16, and 1.6 eV, respectively. With both the kinetic energy and angular distribution of photoelectrons from NH3 molecules, we can confirm that the two-photon excited intermediate Rydberg state is A^1 A2" (v2'=3) state for photoelectron peaks 2, 3, 4, and the three peaks are marked as 1223 (2 + 2), 1123 (2 + 2), and 1023 (2 + 2) multi-photon processes, respectively. Then, peak 1 is found by adding a hexapole between the source chamber and the detection chamber to realize the rotational state selection and beam focusing. Peak 1 is labeled as the 1323 (3 + 1) multi-photon process through the intermediate Rydberg state E^1A1'. The phenomena of channel switching are found in the slow electron kinetic energy distributions. Our calculations and experimental results indicate that the stretching vibrational mode of ammonia molecules varies with channels, while the umbrella vibration does not. In addition, we consider and discuss the ac-Stark effect in a strong laser field. Peaks 5 and 6 are marked as (2 + 2 + 1) and (2 + 2 + 2) above threshold ionization processes in the fast electron region.

The role of fine-wire localization breast biopsy in the management of BI-RADS category 3-5 non-palpable breast lesions in northeastern Chinese women

A blinded retrospective validation study was performed in a university-based hospital in northeastern China to determine whether the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI- RADS) defines a group of patients with non- palpable breast lesions (NPBLs) in whom fine- wire localization biopsy (FWLB) is appropriate. We reviewed 182 consecutive patients with NPBLs who underwent FWLB. The patients’ preoperative mammograms were categorized according BI-RADS by 2 radiologists blinded to the pathological findings. The positive predictive values of BI-RADS categories 3-5 were 3.4%, 42.1%, and 76.9%, respectively. For category 4 NPBLs, the percentage of cancer for those aged < 40 years was significantly lower than those aged ≥ 40 years. For category 3 NPBLs, the percentage of precancerous lesions for those aged < 40 years was significantly lower than those aged ≥ 40 years. Chinese NPBL patients aged ≥ 40 years with category 4 mammographic findings, and all patients with category 5 findings should undergo FWLB. FWLB should be offered as a treatment option for Chinese NPBL patients aged < 40 years with category 4 findings or aged ≥ 40 years with category 3 findings.

Identification of Above-Threshold Ionization by Imaging Photoelectrons from Ammonia Molecules in an Intense Femtosecond Laser Field

The above-threshold ionization process of ammonia molecules induced by a femtosecond laser field at 800 nm is studied in the intensity range from 1.6×10^(13) to 5.7×10^(13)W/cm^(2).Channel switching under different laser intensities is observed and identified in the photoelectron kinetic energy spectra of ammonia.Based on the photoelectron kinetic energy distributions and the photoelectron angular distributions,the characteristic peaks observed are exclusively assigned to the multiphoton resonance through certain intermediate states,followed by multiphoton above-threshold ionization.

Phthalonitrile Resins Derived from Vanillin: Synthesis, Curing Behavior, and Thermal Properties

Vanillin was used as sustainable source for phthalonitrile monomer synthesis, and allyl/propargyl ether moieties were introduced to improve the processability at the minimal cost of thermal properties. The synthesis route was optimized to minimize side-reactions and simplify post-processing, and the monomers were obtained in high purity and good yields. The curing behavior, mechanism, and processability of the monomers were studied, and the thermal properties of cured polymers were evaluated. Of the two monomers, the allyl ether-containing one exhibited a wide processing window of 185 °C, and was mainly cured into phthalocyanine and linear aliphatic structures through self-catalytic curing process. Also, the glass transition temperature was higher than 500 °C. In contrast, the propargyl ether-containing monomer could only be partially cured, and heat resistance was found to be compromised. Compared with traditional petroleum-based phthalonitrile resins, the biobased monomers could be cured without the addition of catalysts, and improvement in processability was achieved at no cost of thermal performances.

Diacylglycerol Compounds from Barks of Betula platyphylla with Inhibitory Activity against Acyltransferase

Objective To identify the active compounds from the barks of Betula platyphylla for inhibitory on diacylglycerol acyltransferase（DGAT1）.Methods Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of DGAT1 inhibitory activity of lupane triterpenes.Results Ten compounds were identified as lupenone（1）,lupeol（2）,betulinic acid（3）,betulinaldehyde（4）,betulin（5）,3-deoxybetulonic acid（6）,glochidonol（7）,lup-20/29-ene-1β/3β-diol（8）,3α-hydroxy-lup-20（29）-en-23,28-dioic acid（9）,and 3α,11α-dihydroxy-23-oxo-lup-20（29）-en-28-oic acid（10）.Compounds 3-6,9,and 10 inhibited DGAT1 with IC50 values ranging from（11.2±0.3）to（38.6±1.2）μmol/L.Conclusion Compounds 6,9,and 10 are first isolated from the barks of B.platyphylla.,and compounds 3-6,9,and 10 from the barks of B.platyphylla are responsible for the inhibition on DGAT1.

Synthesis and Pyrolysis of Soluble Cyclic Hf-Schiff Base Polymers

Soluble Hf-containing polymers are significant processable precursors for the fabrication of ultra-high temperature ceramics.In this work,cyclic Hf-Schiff base polymers were synthesized via direct polymerization of hafnium alkoxide and bis-salen monomers.The defined structure and molecular weight of the polymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy,gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy.The feed ratio of monomers regulated the molecular weight and solubility of the polymers.This synthetic strategy features simple operation under ambient conditions,efficient reaction with high yield and cyclic polymers as the main products.The Hf-Schiff base polymers were converted to HfC/C materials after pyrolysis under argon at 1600°C,which was identified by XRD measurements,elemental analyses and Raman spectroscopy.This work will inspire more precise and efficient synthesis and applications of metallopolymers.

Yiqi-Liangxue Recipe Improves Recovery of Injured Endothelia by Promoting the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Balancing Damage-associated in Flammatory Mediators

Aim: Yiqi-Liangxue Recipe(YL) is a compound preparation of Chinese medicine used for preventing cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)(Patent No. 200810240175.4). Maintaining the integrity of endothelia is one of the most effective approaches to prevent restenosis. Given its clinical protective effects on long-term prognosis, we investigated the mechanisms of YL in protecting vascular endothelial cells.Methods: We prepared drugs serum and human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) lines. The injured model was employed with Angiotensin II(Ang II). The YL group was employed with YL treatment. The ARB medicine group was employed with Losartan Potassium treatment. The combination of Chinese medicine and western medicine(YL+ARB) group was employed with both YL and ARB. The control group was unemployed with injury and medical treatment. For each group the cell migration rate(CM) and cell proliferation rate(CP) were measured. The concentration of Nitric Oxide(NO), Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS), Endothelin-1(ET-1) were assessed. The gene expression level of ET-1 was observed.Results: YL+ARB group significantly promoted the speed of the CM/CP of the injured HUVECs. Compared with model group, the concentration of NO increased after the drug intervention, and the concentration of ET-1 decreased. Compared with YL+ARB group, YL and ARB group each had the similar weaker effects, but did not have significant difference. The fluorescence of ROS in YL, ARB and YL+ARB group had no difference because the fluorescence was too strong. Compared with model group, the-2ΔΔCt values were decreased in the YL, ARB and YL+ARB group. The gene expression level of ET-1 was inhibited after the drug intervention, although with no significant difference.Conclusion: Treatment with YL ameliorates the injury of vascular endothelial cells and YL+ARB has better curative effect. The mechanisms are associated with improving the speed of the CM/CP; increasing the release of NO and attenuating the concentration of damage-associated mediators like ROS, ET-1 and the gene expression level of ET-1. The results suggest that YL may be an option for preventing cardiovascular events after PCI.

Photo-Dimerization Characteristics of Coumarin Pendants within Amphiphilic Random Copolymer Micelles

The photo-dimerization characteristics of coumarin pendants within amphiphilic random copolymer micelles in aqueous solution was comprehensively investigated using various selected wavelength light in the UV-Vis-NIR region. The time-dependent photo-dimerization degree （PD） changes in the photo-dimerization experiments showed saturating behaviors with intensity-independent of PDmax values at 28%, 44%, 92%, 85%, 36%, 35%, 32% and 31% for 254, 288, 320, 360, 400, 500, 650 and 900 nm irradiations, respectively. The irradiation experiments at 254 and 288 nm announced the occurring of an asymmetric equilibrium of photo-dimerization and photo-cleavage at the used conditions. Both the alternative irradiation cycles of 360 and 254 nm, 650 and 254 nm showed a partially, but evidently reversible photo-dimerization tendency.

Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain infection in China:A national multicenter survey of 35,566 individuals

Objective:This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the epidemiology of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to COVID-19 in China.Methods:This study was conducted by 45 tertiary Grade-A hospitals in China.Online and offline questionnaire data were obtained from patients infected with COVID-19 between December 28,2022,and February 21,2023.The collected information included basic demographics,medical history,smoking and drinking history,vaccination history,changes in olfactory and gustatory functions before and after infection,and other postinfection symptoms,as well as the duration and improvement status of olfactory and gustatory disorders.Results:Complete questionnaires were obtained from 35,566 subjects.The overall incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunction was 67.75%.Being female or being a cigarette smoker increased the likelihood of developing olfactory and taste dysfunction.Having received four doses of the vaccine or having good oral health or being a alcohol drinker decreased the risk of such dysfunction.Before infection,the average olfactory and taste VAS scores were 8.41 and 8.51,respectively;after infection,they decreased to 3.69 and 4.29 and recovered to 5.83 and 6.55 by the time of the survey.The median duration of dysosmia and dysgeusia was 15 and 12 days,respectively,with 0.5%of patients having symptoms lasting for more than 28 days.The overall self-reported improvement rate was 59.16%.Recovery was higher in males,never smokers,those who received two or three vaccine doses,and those that had never experienced dental health issues,or chronic accompanying symptoms.Conclusions:The incidence of dysosmia and dysgeusia following infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus is high in China.Incidence and prognosis are influenced by several factors,including sex,SARS-CoV-2 vaccination,history of head-facial trauma,nasal and oral health status,smoking and drinking history,and the persistence of accompanying symptoms.