微孔板法与GeneXpert MTB/RIF技术检测结核分枝杆菌对利福平耐药性的价值

目的探讨微孔板法和GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“GeneXpert”)技术检测MTB对利福平(RFP)耐药性的价值。方法收集陕西省结核病防治院2017年收住入院和门诊诊治的疑似结核病患者6893例,按照临床诊断标准确诊为结核病患者6086例,同时使用BACTECMGIT960液体培养(简称“MGIT960法”)和GeneXpert技术检测上述确诊患者的425份临床标本;其中,痰标本217份、肺泡灌洗液标本170份、肺外标本(包括胸腹腔积液、脓液,脑脊液等)38份;排除3例报告错误或无法判读、2例培养结果污染的标本,有效标本份数为420份。对其中GeneXpert技术和MGIT 960液体培养均为阳性的372株临床分离株同时进行微孔板法、GeneXpert技术和MGIT 960耐药性检测,其中痰标本191例、肺泡灌洗液标本158例、肺外标本(包括胸腹腔积液、脓液及脑脊液等)23例,以MGIT960检测结果为标准,分析微孔板法和GeneXpert技术检测结核分枝杆菌对RFP耐药性的诊断价值。结果GeneXpert技术、微孔板法和MGIT960法对RFP耐药性检测总的阳性率分别为18.8%(70/372)、16.7%(62/372)、16.7%(62/372)。以MGIT960法检测结果为标准,微孔板法和GeneXpert法对利福平耐药性检测的敏感度、特异度、符合率、Kappa值分别为91.9%(57/62)、98.4%(305/310)、97.3%(362/372)、0.8,96.8%(60/62)、96.8%(300/310)、96.8%(360/372)、0.8;微孔板法和GeneXpert法对痰液、肺泡灌洗液、肺外标本利福平耐药性检测的敏感度、特异度、符合率、Kappa值分别为96.7%(29/30)、98.1%(158/161)、97.9%(187/191)、0.9,93.3%(28/30)、96.3%(155/161)、95.8%(183/191)、0.9,91.7%(22/24)、98.5%(132/134)、97.5%(154/158)、0.9和100.0%(24/24)、97.0%(130/134)、97.5%(154/158)、0.9,75.0%(6/8)、100.0%(15/15)、91.3%(21/23)、0.8,100.0%(8/8)、100.0%(15/15)、100.0%(23/23)、1.0。结论以MGIT960检测结果为标准,微孔板法和GeneXpert技术对利福平耐药性检测总的阳性率和不同标本对利福平耐药性检测的阳性率均具有较好的一致性。

Influence of HbA1c on short-term blood pressure variability in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy

The aim of this study was to understand the characteristics of blood pressure （BP） variability in subjects with diabetic nephropathy （DN）, and identify the probable predictors affecting BP variability. Fifty-one chronic kidney disease （CKD）-hypertensive patients without diabetes （NDN group） and sixty type 2 diabetic patients with overt DN （DN group） were enrolled in this study. The values of short-term BP variability were obtained from 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring （ABPM）. Variance analysis or nonparametric analysis revealed that 24-h systolic BP variability and night- time systolic BP variability of the DN group were significantly higher than those of the NDN group [（12.23±3.66） vs. （10.74±3.83） mmHg, P〈0.05; （11.23±4.82） vs. （9.48±3.69） mmHg, P〈0.05]. Then the patients of the DN group were divided into two groups according to glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc） level： Group A （HbA1c〈7%） and Group B （HbA1c〉7%）, and the t-test showed that patients in Group B had larger 24-h diastolic, daytime diastolic, and nighttime systolic/diastolic BP variability compared with Group A. In the DN group, partial correlation analysis revealed that HbAlc exhibited a strong association with 24-h diastolic, daytime diastolic, nighttime systolic and diastolic BP vari- ability （P〈0.001, P〈0.001, P〈0.05, and P〈0.001, respectively）. Taken together, larger short-term BP variability was detected in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy and renal insufficiency. It may imply that the optimal BP variability level could benefit from a better glycaemic control.