Predicting the prognosis of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);however,its efficacy varies.This review summarized the ability of various markers to predict the efficacy of HAIC and provided a reference for clinical applications.As of October 25,2023,51 articles have been retrieved based on keyword predictions and HAIC.Sixteen eligible articles were selected for inclusion in this study.Comprehensive literature analysis found that methods used to predict the efficacy of HAIC include serological testing,gene testing,and imaging testing.The above indicators and their combined forms showed excellent predictive effects in retrospective studies.This review summarized the strategies currently used to predict the efficacy of HAIC in middle and advanced HCC,analyzed each marker's ability to predict HAIC efficacy,and provided a reference for the clinical application of the prediction system.

Phenolic Constituents with Antioxidative,Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Anti‑aging Activities from Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe

Aqueous ethanol extracts of powdered stems of Dendrobium loddigesii afforded three new phenolics including threo-7-Oethyl-9-O-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl-guaiacylglycerol(1),(R)-4,5,4ʹ-trihydroxy-3,3ʹ,α-trimethoxybibenzyl(2)and(S)-5,5′,7-trihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyflavanone(3),together with eleven known analogues.Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis.To identify natural antioxidants,whitening,and anti-aging agents,the abilities of these phenolics were assessed to scavenge the 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical,their abilities to inhibit tyrosinase production,and their abilities to stimulate collagen production by human dermal fibroblasts-adult(HDFa)assay.It was found that compounds 1,4-8,13 and 14 exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging activities,compound 10 exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity(IC_(50)37.904μg/mL),and compound 9 showed significant collagen production with an EC_(50)value of 3.182μg/mL.These results suggest that phenolic constituents from D.loddigesii may be candidate antioxidants,skin-whitening and/or anti-aging agents.

A recurrent G367R mutation in MYOC associated with juvenile open angle glaucoma in a large Chinese family

AIM： To identify the mutations of MYOC, OPTN, CYPIB1 and WDR36 in a large Chinese family affected by juvenile open angle glaucoma （JOAG）. METHODS： Of 114 members of one family were recruited in this study. Blood samples from twelve members of this pedigree were collected for further research. As a control, 100 unrelated subjects were recruited from the same hospital. The exon and flanking intron sequences of candidate genes were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS： The proband （111：10） was a seventy-three years old woman with binocular JOAG at the age of 31. A recurrent heterozygous mutation （c.1099G〉A） of MYOC was identified in the three JOAG patients and another suspect. This transition was located in the first base pair of codon 367 （GGA〉AGA） in exon 3 of MYOC and was predicted to be a missense substitution of glycine to arginine （p.G367R） in myocilin. Mutations in OPTN, CYPIB1 or WDR36 were not detected in this study. The G367R mutation was not present in unaffected family members or in 100 ethnically matched controls. Other variants of the coding regions of candidate genes were not detected in all participants. To date, this family was the largest to have been identified as carrying a certain MYOC mutation in China, further evidence of a founder effect for the G367R MYOC mutant was provided by our data. CONCLUSION： A MYOC c.1099G〉A mutation in an autosomal dominant JOAG family is identified and the characteristic phenotypes among the patients are summarized. Genetic testing could be utilized in high-risk populations and be helpful not only for genetic counseling, but also for early diagnosis and treatment of affected patients or carriers of inherited JOAG.

A Retrospective Analysis of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Children with Hemophilia A

To investigate the incidence,risk factors,clinical manifestations and prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)in children with hemophilia A in a center of China, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 126 children with hemophilia A at our hospital in recent 4 years.Thirty-six children with hemophilia A (including 19 severe cases,and 17 moderate cases complicated with joint diseases)received low dose factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) prophylaxis,and none of them had ICH.However,13 cases of hemophilia A not given prophylaxis were complicated with ICH (12 severe cases,and 1 moderate case)and demonstrated an incidence of 10.3%(13/126)in all patients,and 28.6%(12/42)in severe cases.Of the 13 cases,9 severe ICH cases had a definite history of head injury,accounting for 69.2%.Headache was common in children >3 years,but somnolence,irritability, gaze or convulsions in children <3 years.The most common findings of cranial CT scan included intracranial hematoma (9/13),and less commonly observed were subependymal hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage.After administration of FⅧ,all patients survived.Hematoma of 6 cases was observed during CT reexamination after 1-3 months. During the follow-up period,only one case had slight activity limitation on one side of the limb,but steadily recovered.Besides the decreased concentration of FⅧ,trauma is the most common risk factor of ICH in children with hemophilia A.The active treatment can improve the prognosis of ICH in children with hemophilia A.

Intraperitoneal tuberculous abscess: computed tomography features

AIM: To evaluate the computed tomography(CT) features of intraperitoneal tuberculous abscess(IPTA). METHODS: Eight patients with IPTA confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical symptoms, medical images, and surgical findings were evaluated. Involvement of the intestine, peritoneum, viscera, and lymph nodes was also assessed. RESULTS: All 8 patients had a history of abdominal discomfort for 1 to 6 mo. Physical examination revealed a palpable abdominal mass in 6 patients. Three patients had no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB). All IPTAs(11 abscesses) were seen as a multiseptated, peripherally enhanced, hypodense mass with enlarged, rim-enhanced lymph nodes. The largest abscess diameter ranged from 4.5 cm to 12.2 cm. CT showed 2 types of IPTA: Lymph node fusion and encapsulation. Of the 8 patients, one had liver tuberculosis and one had splenic and ovarian tuberculosis. Two cases showed involvement of the terminal ileum and ileocecal junction. Ascites were found in 4 cases. Three patients had peritonitis and mesenteritis. Three patients showed involvement of the omentum. Three patients had histological evidence of caseating granuloma, and 5 had histological evidence of acid-fast bacilli. CONCLUSION: CT is crucial in the detection and characterization of IPTA. Certain CT findings are necessary for correct diagnosis.

包含转移区域颈部淋巴结区和治疗前血清Epstein-Barr病毒DNA拷贝数的综合模型对预测N1期鼻咽癌远处转移的预后价值

背景与目的根据美国癌症联合委员会(American Joint Committee on Cancer,AJCC)分期系统第7版,50%以上的鼻咽癌(nasopharyngealcarcinoma,NPC)患者在初诊时为N1期。然而,对N1期NPC患者的研究相对较少,其转移风险也不乐观。本研究旨在评估转移区域淋巴结大体肿瘤区(gross tumor volume of metastatic regional lymph node,GTVnd)和治疗前血清EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)DNA拷贝数对N1期NPC患者远处转移的预测价值,并为该类型患者建立包含GTVnd和EBVDNA拷贝数的综合预后模型。方法本研究对2009年11月至2012年2月期间,在中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受治疗的787例新诊断的非转移性、经组织学证实的N1 NPC患者病历进行了分析。使用面积求和方法测量计算机断层扫描获取的GTVnd。治疗前采集血样,定量检测血浆EBV的DNA拷贝数。使用受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析来评价GTVnd的临界点,并且使用ROC曲线下面积来评估GTVnd的预测有效性。通过Kaplan-Meier分析评估生存率,使用log–rank检验比较生存曲线。采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多变量分析。结果 GTVnd>18.9mLvs.≤18.9mL患者的5年无远处转移生存率(distantmetastasis-freesurvival,DMFS)分别为82.2%和93.2%(P <0.001),EBV DNA拷贝数> 4000拷贝/mL vs.≤4000拷贝/mL患者的5年DMFS为83.5%vs. 93.9%(P <0.001)。在Cox回归模型中对GTVnd、EBV DNA拷贝数和T分期进行校正后,GTVnd> 18.9 mL和EBV DNA拷贝数> 4000拷贝/mL与预后不良显著相关(均P <0.05)。根据GTVnd和EBV DNA拷贝数的组合,将所有患者分为低风险、中风险和高风险组,5年DMFS分别为96.1%、87.4%和73.8%(P <0.001)。多变量分析证实了该模型对远处转移风险分层的预后价值[风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=4.17;95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):2.34–7.59;P <0.001)]。结论 GTVnd和血清EBV DNA拷贝数是预测N1期NPC患者远处转移的独立预后因素。包含GTVnd和EBV DNA拷贝数的预后模型可以改进此类患者的转移风险分层。

一种快速检测水稻条纹病毒的胶体金免疫层析试纸条的研制（英文）

目的:制备一种检测水稻植物和传毒介体灰飞虱中水稻条纹病毒(RSV)的胶体金免疫层析试纸条,为水稻条纹叶枯病的田间调查和检测以及预测预警提供快速、实用的检测试剂。创新点:利用制备的RSV单克隆抗体,首次制备了能在5～10 min内快速、准确、灵敏、特异地检测水稻植物和灰飞虱体内RSV的胶体金免疫层析试纸条。方法:以差速离心方法提纯的RSV病毒粒子作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术获得了高度特异和灵敏的RSV单克隆抗体。采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸的方法制备胶体金并标记一个RSV单克隆抗体,另一个RSV单克隆抗体和羊抗鼠抗体分别包被到硝酸纤维素膜的检测线和质控线,将吸水滤纸制成的样品垫、RSV免疫胶体金垫、结合有RSV单抗和羊抗鼠抗体的硝酸纤维素膜和吸水纸依次粘贴到聚氯乙烯(PVC)胶板上研制检测水稻植物和传毒介体灰飞虱中RSV的胶体金免疫层析试纸条。对田间样品进行RSV检测,分析试纸条检测RSV的有效性。结论:利用杂交瘤技术获得了2株RSV单克隆抗体(16E6和11C1),胶体金标记16E6单克隆抗体包被在聚酯膜制成的结合垫上,以11C1单克隆抗体和羊抗鼠抗体分别包被到硝酸纤维素膜的检测线和质控线,制成能在5～10 min内快速、特异、灵敏、准确地检测田间水稻及单头灰飞虱样品中RSV的胶体金免疫层析试纸条。试纸条检测感染RSV的水稻植株和灰飞虱呈阳性反应,而检测健康水稻和感染其它5种常见水稻病毒的植株及其传毒介体呈阴性反应,且试纸条检测RSV感染水稻植物组织的灵敏度达到1:20 480倍稀释(w/v, g/mL),检测携带RSV单头灰飞虱的灵敏度达到1:2560倍稀释(单头灰飞虱/μL)。田间样品检测结果发现,试纸条检测结果与反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)的检测结果一致,表明制备的试纸条可有效地用于田间RSV的检测,从而为水稻条纹叶枯病的诊断、监测预警、抗病育种、流行病学研究及科学防治提供技术和物质支撑。