LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)material,as the promising cathode candidate for next-generation highenergy lithium-ion batteries,has gained considerable attention for extremely high theoretical capacity and low...LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)material,as the promising cathode candidate for next-generation highenergy lithium-ion batteries,has gained considerable attention for extremely high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the intrinsic drawbacks of NCM811 such as unstable structure and inevitable interface side reaction result in severe capacity decay and thermal runaway.Herein,a novel polyimide(denoted as PI-Om DT)constructed with the highly polar and micro-branched crosslinking network is reported as a binder material for NCM811 cathode.The micro-branched crosslinking network is achieved by using 1,3,5-Tris(4-aminophenoxy)benzene(TAPOB)as a crosslinker via condensation reaction,which endows excellent mechanical properties and large free volume.Meanwhile,the massive polar carboxyl(-COOH)groups provide strong adhesion sites to active NCM811 particles.These functions of PIOm DT binder collaboratively benefit to forming the mechanically robust and homogeneous coating layer with rapid Li+diffusion on the surface of NCM811,significantly stabilizing the cathode structure,suppressing the detrimental interface side reaction and guaranteeing the shorter ion-diffusion and electron-transfer paths,consequently enhancing electrochemical performance.As compared to the NCM811 with PVDF binder,the NCM811 using PI-Om DT binder delivers a superior high-rate capacity(121.07 vs.145.38 m Ah g^(-1))at 5 C rate and maintains a higher capacity retention(80.38%vs.91.6%)after100 cycles at 2.5–4.3 V.Particularly,at the high-voltage conditions up to 4.5 and 4.7 V,the NCM811 with PI-Om DT binder still maintains the remarkable capacity retention of 88.86%and 72.5%after 100 cycles,respectively,paving the way for addressing the high-voltage operating stability of the NCM811 cathode.Moreover,the full-charged NCM811 cathode with PI-Om DT binder exhibits a significantly enhanced thermal stability,improving the safety performance of batteries.This work opens a new avenue for developing high-energy NCM811 based lithium-ion batteries with long cycle-life and superior safety performance using a novel and effective binder.展开更多
The development of advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR and OER) is critical to the practical application of zinc-air batteries(ZABs). Herein, a silica-assiste...The development of advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR and OER) is critical to the practical application of zinc-air batteries(ZABs). Herein, a silica-assisted method is reported to integrate numerous accessible edge Fe-Nx sites into porous graphitic carbon(named Fe-N-G) for achieving highly active and robust oxygen electrocatalysis. Silica facilitates the formation of edge Fe-Nx sites and dense graphitic domains in carbon by inhibiting iron aggregation.The purification process creates a well-developed mass transfer channel for Fe-N-G. Consequently,Fe-N-G delivers a half-wave potential of 0.859 V in ORR and an overpotential of 344 m V at10 m A cm^(-2)in OER. During long-term operation, the graphitic layers protect edge Fe-Nx sites from demetallation in ORR and synergize with Fe OOH species endowing Fe-N-G with enhanced OER activity.Density functional theory calculations reveal that the edge Fe-Nx site is superior to the in-plane Fe-Nx site in terms of OH* dissociation in ORR and OOH* formation in OER. The constructed ZAB based on Fe-N-G cathode shows a higher peak power density of 133 m W cm^(-2)and more stable cycling performance than Pt/C + RuO2counterparts. This work provides a novel strategy to obtain high-efficiency bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts through space mediation.展开更多
Moxibustion therapy is a treatment and health-care method that originated from China.It is a kind of therapy for preventing and treating diseases by stimulating meridians and acupoints using heat to regulate the visce...Moxibustion therapy is a treatment and health-care method that originated from China.It is a kind of therapy for preventing and treating diseases by stimulating meridians and acupoints using heat to regulate the viscera and enhance immunity.This article introduces the definition and mechanism of moxibustion technology,clinical operation technics,and precautions of moxibustion in practice,and demonstrates plenty of iconic cases of application of moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia,dysmenorrhea,urinary retention,knee arthritis,chronic eczema,etc.,so as to provide a reference for the wide application of moxibustion technology.展开更多
Cupping,as one of the characteristic therapies of traditional Chinese medicine,has been applied for more than 2000 years and has a unique curative effect in clinic.With the evolution of the times,the types and operati...Cupping,as one of the characteristic therapies of traditional Chinese medicine,has been applied for more than 2000 years and has a unique curative effect in clinic.With the evolution of the times,the types and operation techniques of cupping method are also iterating.In the process of its inheritance and development,cupping technology is also known by more and more people.Starting from the development and efficacy of cupping method,this paper introduces the clinical operation steps and precautions of cupping method in detail,and lists the representative diseases such as lumbar muscle strain,herpes zoster,and ankylosing spondylitis,to provide reference for clinical application.展开更多
This paper proposes an adaptive augmentation control design approach of the gain-scheduled controller.This extension is motivated by the need for augmentation of the baseline gainscheduled controller.The proposed appr...This paper proposes an adaptive augmentation control design approach of the gain-scheduled controller.This extension is motivated by the need for augmentation of the baseline gainscheduled controller.The proposed approach can be utilized to design flight control systems for advanced aerospace vehicles with a large parameter variation.The flight dynamics within the flight envelope is described by a switched nonlinear system,which is essentially a switched polytopic system with uncertainties.The flight control system consists of a baseline gain-scheduled controller and a model reference adaptive augmentation controller,while the latter can recover the nominal performance of the gainscheduled controlled system under large uncertainties.By the multiple Lyapunov functions method,it is proved that the switched nonlinear system is uniformly ultimately bounded.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,this approach is applied to a generic hypersonic vehicle,and the simulation results show that the system output tracks the command signal well even when large uncertainties exist.展开更多
Publish/subscribe paradigm paves a way to integrate and serve many scalable, inter-operable Internet of Things(IoT) applications. The increasing IoT applications require new properties of publish/subscribe communicati...Publish/subscribe paradigm paves a way to integrate and serve many scalable, inter-operable Internet of Things(IoT) applications. The increasing IoT applications require new properties of publish/subscribe communication model, for example, strict quality of service(Qo S) guarantees, supporting a large number of widely distributed devices, etc. Software Defined Networking(SDN) enables personalized programming and individualized QoS supports for different applications. The combination of the two will have a good prospect. In this paper, we present an IoT-oriented communication platform which combines the publish/subscribe paradigm with SDN, aiming at establishing an IoT ecosystem to facilitate IoT services/applications accessing internet. We design the interaction logic of topic-based publish/subscribe middleware, and describe the setup and maintenance of topology information as well as event routing in detail, considering the characteristics of SDN. Finally, we exemplify its practicability with a deployed District Heating Control and Information Service System(DHCISS) and validity the effectiveness with some experiments.展开更多
The present study established a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries.At 60 days after modeling,escape latency and swi...The present study established a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries.At 60 days after modeling,escape latency and swimming path length during hidden-platform acquisition training in Morris water maze significantly increased in the model group.In addition,the number of accurate crossings over the original platform significantly decreased,hippocampal CA1 synaptophysin and growth-associated protein 43 expression significantly decreased,cAMP response element-binding protein expression remained unchanged,and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein expression significantly decreased.Results suggested that abnormal expression of hippocampal synaptic structural protein and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation played a role in cognitive impairment following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.展开更多
Twenty-seven FHDZ-M15 combined geomagnetic observation systems(each of which is equipped with a fluxgate magnetometer and a proton magnetometer)had been installed in the China geomagnetic network before the 2008 Wench...Twenty-seven FHDZ-M15 combined geomagnetic observation systems(each of which is equipped with a fluxgate magnetometer and a proton magnetometer)had been installed in the China geomagnetic network before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,during which coseismic disturbances were recorded by 26 fluxgate magnetometer observatories.The geomagnetic disturbances have similar spatial and temporal patterns to seismic waves,except for various delays.Six proton magnetometer observatories recorded coseismic disturbances with very small amplitudes.In addition,fluxgate magnetometers registered largeamplitude disturbances that are likely to have included responses to seismic waves.However,two problems remain unresolved.First,why do these geomagnetic disturbances always arrive later than P waves?Second,why do the geomagnetic disturbances have spatial and temporal directivity similar to the main rupture direction of the earthquake?Solving these two problems may be crucial to find the mechanism responsible for generating these geomagnetic anomalies.展开更多
Objective: This randomized controlled clinical study was to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two chemoradiotherapy regimens [cisplatin+5-fluorouracil+3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and ...Objective: This randomized controlled clinical study was to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two chemoradiotherapy regimens [cisplatin+5-fluorouracil+3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and cisplatin+weekly docetaxel+3DCRT] in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A total of seventy-four patients with clinical stages IIB to IIIB esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Chemotherapy for PF group comprised 5-fluorouracil at days 1-5 (250 mg/m2/d) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) at days 1-3 of every 28-day cycle; full treatment course included 2 cycles. Chemotherapy for DP group comprised docetaxel (20 mg/m2) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) at days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36. Both groups treated with concurrent 60 Gy 3DCRT at 200 cGy/d. Results: Seventy-four patients were enrolled and 71 completed the planned treatment, with a follow-up rate of 95.94%. Short-term curative effect was not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.471). The 2-year survival rates were 65.7% and 61.1%, respectively (P=0.806), 5 years survival rates were 34.29% and 27.78%, respectively (P=0.221), and there was no significant difference by Fisher test (P=0.734). As common side effects, incidence rates of radioactive esophagitis and hematological toxicity were lower in DP group. Conclusion: For locally advanced esophageal cancer patients, current chemoradiotherapy with chemotherapy regimen of weekly docetaxel plus cisplatin has equal curative effect with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin, but well-tolerated by reducing side effects such as radioactive esophagitis and bone marrow suppression.展开更多
We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and...We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and ND2 genes supported the new species as an independent lineage,closely related to O.lipuensis.The uncorrected genetic distances between the 12 S rRNA and16 S rRNA in the new species and its closest congener,O.lipuensis,were 6.06%and 5.19%,respectively.The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)having medium body size,with the snout-vent length(SVL)of adult females approximately 1.2 times as long as males at 56.9±1.0(55.8-58.2 mm,n=9)in females and 48.7±1.2(47.1-49.9 mm,n=5)in males;(2)head length greater than width in males and females;(3)tympanum distinctly visible,greater than one-half the diameter of the eye;(4)eyes big and prominent,width of upper eyelid(UEW)approximately3/4 of eye diameter(ED);(5)dorsolateral folds absent;(6)two metacarpal tubercles;(7)relative finger lengths:Ⅱ<Ⅰ<Ⅳ<Ⅲ;(8)subarticular tubercles on fingers prominent:1,1,2,2;(9)one metatarsal tubercle;(10)tibiotarsal articulation reaching to between the eye and nostril when the leg is stretched forward;(11)toes with entire webbing to disks;(12)subarticular tubercles on toes prominent:1,1,2,3,2;(13)dorsal surfaces of limbs with distinct brownish-black bands;(14)smooth,grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling;(15)venter smooth,lacking black spots;and(16)lacking pectoral spinules,lacking vocal sacs,and light white nuptial pad present on finger I in males.The new species is currently only known from the type locality.展开更多
High-performance aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were produced with fly ash from a coal power plant as one of the major raw materials. The structures of fly ash containing aluminosilicate-based cementitio...High-performance aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were produced with fly ash from a coal power plant as one of the major raw materials. The structures of fly ash containing aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were compared before and after treatment by the methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During the 28 d curing time, the compressive strength of water glass and fly ash samples increased from 9.08 MPa to 26.75 MPa. The results show that most of the stiff shells are destroyed after mechanical grinding and chemical activation. Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR of 27Al shows that the wide peak becomes narrow and the main peak shifts to the direction of low field, indicating the decrease of polymerization degree, the enhancing of activity, the decrease of six-coordination structure, and the increase of small and symmet- rical four-coordination polyhedron structure within the aluminum-oxygen polyhedron network. Comparisons between MAS NMR of 29Si with different treatments suggest that QO disappears, the quantity of Q2 increases, and the quantity of Q4 decreases. The polymerization degree of silicon-oxygen is reduced, and the potential activity of fly ash is increased.展开更多
Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic car...Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in submarine groundwater(well water and pore water)in salt marshes plays an important role in advective exchange between the salt marshes and coastal waters.However,the molecular characteristics of DOC in salt marsh groundwater are poorly understood because of the complex DOC structures and hydrodynamic process.In this study,fl uorescent components and refractory DOC(RDOC)in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh(Chongming Island,China)and adjacent coastal water were characterized by fl uorescence spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The fl uorescent components identifi ed by parallel factor analysis indicated that humic-like substances dominated the chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater.The chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater had non-conservative behaviors because of additions from terrestrial humic substances.The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bioactive substances(carbohydrates)contributed only 13.2%-14.8%of the dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater but carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules(CRAMs),the main components of RDOC,contributed 64.5%of the dissolved organic matter.Carbohydrates and CRAMs contributed 16.4%and 61.7%of the dissolved organic matter in the coastal water,similar to the contributions for submarine groundwater.The DOC concentration in submarine groundwater was 386±294μmol/L,which was signifi cantly higher than that in coastal water(91±19μmol/L).The high DOC concentrations and>60%relative RDOC content suggested that submarine groundwater may be an important source of RDOC to coastal seawater.This information will be helpful for estimating the climate eff ects of salt marsh blue carbon.展开更多
Phosphate material LiMnPO4 is popular for its high energy density(697 W·h·kg^(-1))and safety.When LiMnPO_(4) crystal grows,the potential barrier along b and c axis is strong,which makes the crystal grow alon...Phosphate material LiMnPO4 is popular for its high energy density(697 W·h·kg^(-1))and safety.When LiMnPO_(4) crystal grows,the potential barrier along b and c axis is strong,which makes the crystal grow along b axis to form a one-dimensional chain structure.However,the main migration channel of lithium ions in olivine structure is plane(010).By shortening the growth in the direction of b axis and enhancing the diffusion along the directions of a and c,two-dimensional nanosheets that are more conducive to the migration of lithium ions are formed.The dosage of polyols is the key factor guiding the dispersion of the crystals to the(010)plane.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and other means are used to characterize the samples.After experiments,we found that when the ratio of polyol/water was 2:1,the morphology of the synthesized sample was 20–30 nm thick nanosheets,which had the best electrochemical performance.At 0.1C,the discharge specific capacity reaches 148.9 mA·h·g^(-1),still reaches 144.3 mA·h·g^(-1) at the 50th cycle.and there is still 112.5 mA·h·g^(-1) under high rate(5C).This is thanks to the good dispersion of the material in the direction of the crystal plane(010).This can solve the problem of low conductivity and ionic mobility of phosphate materials.展开更多
In this article,we consider a discrete right-definite Sturm-Liouville problems with two squared eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions.By constructing some new Lagrange-type identities and two fundamental functi...In this article,we consider a discrete right-definite Sturm-Liouville problems with two squared eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions.By constructing some new Lagrange-type identities and two fundamental functions,we obtain not only the existence,the simplicity,and the interlacing properties of the real eigenvalues,but also the oscillation properties,orthogonality of the eigenfunctions,and the expansion theorem.Finally,we also give a computation scheme for computing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of specific eigenvalue problems.展开更多
The hourly data of the vertical Z and the horizontal H components of 37 ground-based DC-ULF geomagnetic stations are examined during 20 April-12 May 2008. On 9 May 2008, three days before the Wenchuan MS 8.0 shock, an...The hourly data of the vertical Z and the horizontal H components of 37 ground-based DC-ULF geomagnetic stations are examined during 20 April-12 May 2008. On 9 May 2008, three days before the Wenchuan MS 8.0 shock, anomalies-a double low-point and a decreased amplitude-are registered on the curves of the Z component at 25 stations in a large-scale area surrounding the Wenchuan epicentral area. The H component shows none of the double low-point phenomenon but does exhibit a reduced magnitude at the same time. The geomagnetic index Kp is also examined and indicates that the anomalies appear at a solar quiet period. The appearing time shift(Tzs) between the first low-point on May 9 and the minimum point occurring time of May 1-5, 2008 is also checked.The results show that Tzs is on the order of 1-2 hours earlier or later than usual and there is a 2-6 hours’ gap between these two lowpoints. However, there is still a transition area which includes the epicenter where Tzs=0. Variation amplitude examined on vertical Z increases as the distance from the epicenter decreases. An Earth-air-ionosphere model has been employed to investigate a possible mechanism of this phenomenon and positive results have been unexpectedly attained. All these above-related results tend to prove that the variations of the Z and H on May 9, 2008 during the solar quiet period are probably associated with the forthcoming Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake.展开更多
In a recent single cell transcriptomic investigation of the peripheral immune responses of the patients with severe COVID-19[1],no substantial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been identified in the periph...In a recent single cell transcriptomic investigation of the peripheral immune responses of the patients with severe COVID-19[1],no substantial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been identified in the peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes,while these peripheral immune cells exhibit phenotypes of heterogeneously expressed interferon-stimulated genes in certain COVID-19 patients.These genes may contribute to the inhibitory response to the viral entry,translation,replication and egress.Questions remain regarding why the peripheral cytokine production is constrained,what additional roles these peripheral immune cells may play in COVID-19 pathophysiology,and which potential targets can be explored for facilitating COVID-19 therapeutics.展开更多
Systems with a hidden degradation process are perva- sive in the real world. Degrading critical components will under- mine system performance and pose potential failures in the future. Prognostic aims at predicting p...Systems with a hidden degradation process are perva- sive in the real world. Degrading critical components will under- mine system performance and pose potential failures in the future. Prognostic aims at predicting potential failures before it evolves into faults. A prognostic procedure based on expectation maxi- mization and unscented Kalman filter is proposed. System state, sensor measurement and hidden degradation process are viewed as data (incomplete or missing) in the expectation maximization method. System state and hidden degradation process are esti- mated by a unscented Kalman filter upon sensor measurements. Component-specific parameters in a degradation process are iden- tified on the estimation of the degradation process. Residual life is measured by the median of estimated residual life distribution. The proposed procedure is verified by simulations on a first-order capacitor-resistance circuit with degrading resistance. Residual life estimation consists conservatively with the trend and is evalu- ated in terms of relative errors. Simulation results are reasonable. The proposed prognostic method expects applications in practice.展开更多
This paper researches some problems in complex formation for multi-agents,in which two matrices are proposed to record the formation.The pattern matrix is used to describe the pattern of the formation;meanwhile,the lo...This paper researches some problems in complex formation for multi-agents,in which two matrices are proposed to record the formation.The pattern matrix is used to describe the pattern of the formation;meanwhile,the location matrix is used to record the location of each agent.Thus,all desired positions of each agent will be obtained by geometrical relationship on the basis of two matrices above.In addition a self-adaptation flocking algorithm is proposed to control all agents to form a desired formation and avoid obstacles.The main idea is as follows:agents will form a desired formation through the method of formation control when far away from obstacles;otherwise,agents will freely fly to pass through the area of obstacles.In the simulation,three scenarios are designed to verify the effectiveness of our method.The results show that our method also can be applied in three dimensions.All agents will form a stable formation and keep the same velocity at last.展开更多
Sheath potential coefficient α is a key parameter, which is used to estimate plasma potential(Vp)for edge plasma physics study. Recently, a series of experiments has been carried out under hydrogen plasmas in the J-T...Sheath potential coefficient α is a key parameter, which is used to estimate plasma potential(Vp)for edge plasma physics study. Recently, a series of experiments has been carried out under hydrogen plasmas in the J-TEXT tokamak with swept probe, which is employed for current–voltage(I–V) characteristic measurement. Electron temperature is evaluated from I–V curve by three-parameter fitting method, and the electron energy probability function shows that electron distribution is Maxwellian both outside and inside of last closed flux surface(LCFS). Plasma potential is obtained by crossing point between I–V exponential fitting curve and electron saturation current extrapolating line, which is in good agreement with first derivative probe technique. The α coefficient profile in the vicinity of the LCFS is obtained, which is in the range of 2.1–3, and decreases from outside to inside of LCFS.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XK1802-2)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB643604)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51673017)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21404005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20150273)。
文摘LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)material,as the promising cathode candidate for next-generation highenergy lithium-ion batteries,has gained considerable attention for extremely high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the intrinsic drawbacks of NCM811 such as unstable structure and inevitable interface side reaction result in severe capacity decay and thermal runaway.Herein,a novel polyimide(denoted as PI-Om DT)constructed with the highly polar and micro-branched crosslinking network is reported as a binder material for NCM811 cathode.The micro-branched crosslinking network is achieved by using 1,3,5-Tris(4-aminophenoxy)benzene(TAPOB)as a crosslinker via condensation reaction,which endows excellent mechanical properties and large free volume.Meanwhile,the massive polar carboxyl(-COOH)groups provide strong adhesion sites to active NCM811 particles.These functions of PIOm DT binder collaboratively benefit to forming the mechanically robust and homogeneous coating layer with rapid Li+diffusion on the surface of NCM811,significantly stabilizing the cathode structure,suppressing the detrimental interface side reaction and guaranteeing the shorter ion-diffusion and electron-transfer paths,consequently enhancing electrochemical performance.As compared to the NCM811 with PVDF binder,the NCM811 using PI-Om DT binder delivers a superior high-rate capacity(121.07 vs.145.38 m Ah g^(-1))at 5 C rate and maintains a higher capacity retention(80.38%vs.91.6%)after100 cycles at 2.5–4.3 V.Particularly,at the high-voltage conditions up to 4.5 and 4.7 V,the NCM811 with PI-Om DT binder still maintains the remarkable capacity retention of 88.86%and 72.5%after 100 cycles,respectively,paving the way for addressing the high-voltage operating stability of the NCM811 cathode.Moreover,the full-charged NCM811 cathode with PI-Om DT binder exhibits a significantly enhanced thermal stability,improving the safety performance of batteries.This work opens a new avenue for developing high-energy NCM811 based lithium-ion batteries with long cycle-life and superior safety performance using a novel and effective binder.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Project (2017YFB0308200)the CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials (KLCMKFJJ2011)。
文摘The development of advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR and OER) is critical to the practical application of zinc-air batteries(ZABs). Herein, a silica-assisted method is reported to integrate numerous accessible edge Fe-Nx sites into porous graphitic carbon(named Fe-N-G) for achieving highly active and robust oxygen electrocatalysis. Silica facilitates the formation of edge Fe-Nx sites and dense graphitic domains in carbon by inhibiting iron aggregation.The purification process creates a well-developed mass transfer channel for Fe-N-G. Consequently,Fe-N-G delivers a half-wave potential of 0.859 V in ORR and an overpotential of 344 m V at10 m A cm^(-2)in OER. During long-term operation, the graphitic layers protect edge Fe-Nx sites from demetallation in ORR and synergize with Fe OOH species endowing Fe-N-G with enhanced OER activity.Density functional theory calculations reveal that the edge Fe-Nx site is superior to the in-plane Fe-Nx site in terms of OH* dissociation in ORR and OOH* formation in OER. The constructed ZAB based on Fe-N-G cathode shows a higher peak power density of 133 m W cm^(-2)and more stable cycling performance than Pt/C + RuO2counterparts. This work provides a novel strategy to obtain high-efficiency bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts through space mediation.
文摘Moxibustion therapy is a treatment and health-care method that originated from China.It is a kind of therapy for preventing and treating diseases by stimulating meridians and acupoints using heat to regulate the viscera and enhance immunity.This article introduces the definition and mechanism of moxibustion technology,clinical operation technics,and precautions of moxibustion in practice,and demonstrates plenty of iconic cases of application of moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia,dysmenorrhea,urinary retention,knee arthritis,chronic eczema,etc.,so as to provide a reference for the wide application of moxibustion technology.
文摘Cupping,as one of the characteristic therapies of traditional Chinese medicine,has been applied for more than 2000 years and has a unique curative effect in clinic.With the evolution of the times,the types and operation techniques of cupping method are also iterating.In the process of its inheritance and development,cupping technology is also known by more and more people.Starting from the development and efficacy of cupping method,this paper introduces the clinical operation steps and precautions of cupping method in detail,and lists the representative diseases such as lumbar muscle strain,herpes zoster,and ankylosing spondylitis,to provide reference for clinical application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(6097401461273083)
文摘This paper proposes an adaptive augmentation control design approach of the gain-scheduled controller.This extension is motivated by the need for augmentation of the baseline gainscheduled controller.The proposed approach can be utilized to design flight control systems for advanced aerospace vehicles with a large parameter variation.The flight dynamics within the flight envelope is described by a switched nonlinear system,which is essentially a switched polytopic system with uncertainties.The flight control system consists of a baseline gain-scheduled controller and a model reference adaptive augmentation controller,while the latter can recover the nominal performance of the gainscheduled controlled system under large uncertainties.By the multiple Lyapunov functions method,it is proved that the switched nonlinear system is uniformly ultimately bounded.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,this approach is applied to a generic hypersonic vehicle,and the simulation results show that the system output tracks the command signal well even when large uncertainties exist.
基金supported by National Hightech R&D Program of China (863 Program) under Grant (No. 2013AA102301)Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (No. U1536112)
文摘Publish/subscribe paradigm paves a way to integrate and serve many scalable, inter-operable Internet of Things(IoT) applications. The increasing IoT applications require new properties of publish/subscribe communication model, for example, strict quality of service(Qo S) guarantees, supporting a large number of widely distributed devices, etc. Software Defined Networking(SDN) enables personalized programming and individualized QoS supports for different applications. The combination of the two will have a good prospect. In this paper, we present an IoT-oriented communication platform which combines the publish/subscribe paradigm with SDN, aiming at establishing an IoT ecosystem to facilitate IoT services/applications accessing internet. We design the interaction logic of topic-based publish/subscribe middleware, and describe the setup and maintenance of topology information as well as event routing in detail, considering the characteristics of SDN. Finally, we exemplify its practicability with a deployed District Heating Control and Information Service System(DHCISS) and validity the effectiveness with some experiments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973782the National Natural Science Foundation for the Youth,No.81001693+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7102014,7122018the Science and Technology Foundation for Chinese Medicine in Beijing,No.JJ2008-042
文摘The present study established a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries.At 60 days after modeling,escape latency and swimming path length during hidden-platform acquisition training in Morris water maze significantly increased in the model group.In addition,the number of accurate crossings over the original platform significantly decreased,hippocampal CA1 synaptophysin and growth-associated protein 43 expression significantly decreased,cAMP response element-binding protein expression remained unchanged,and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein expression significantly decreased.Results suggested that abnormal expression of hippocampal synaptic structural protein and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation played a role in cognitive impairment following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1500502)provides the funding
文摘Twenty-seven FHDZ-M15 combined geomagnetic observation systems(each of which is equipped with a fluxgate magnetometer and a proton magnetometer)had been installed in the China geomagnetic network before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,during which coseismic disturbances were recorded by 26 fluxgate magnetometer observatories.The geomagnetic disturbances have similar spatial and temporal patterns to seismic waves,except for various delays.Six proton magnetometer observatories recorded coseismic disturbances with very small amplitudes.In addition,fluxgate magnetometers registered largeamplitude disturbances that are likely to have included responses to seismic waves.However,two problems remain unresolved.First,why do these geomagnetic disturbances always arrive later than P waves?Second,why do the geomagnetic disturbances have spatial and temporal directivity similar to the main rupture direction of the earthquake?Solving these two problems may be crucial to find the mechanism responsible for generating these geomagnetic anomalies.
文摘Objective: This randomized controlled clinical study was to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two chemoradiotherapy regimens [cisplatin+5-fluorouracil+3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and cisplatin+weekly docetaxel+3DCRT] in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A total of seventy-four patients with clinical stages IIB to IIIB esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Chemotherapy for PF group comprised 5-fluorouracil at days 1-5 (250 mg/m2/d) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) at days 1-3 of every 28-day cycle; full treatment course included 2 cycles. Chemotherapy for DP group comprised docetaxel (20 mg/m2) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) at days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36. Both groups treated with concurrent 60 Gy 3DCRT at 200 cGy/d. Results: Seventy-four patients were enrolled and 71 completed the planned treatment, with a follow-up rate of 95.94%. Short-term curative effect was not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.471). The 2-year survival rates were 65.7% and 61.1%, respectively (P=0.806), 5 years survival rates were 34.29% and 27.78%, respectively (P=0.221), and there was no significant difference by Fisher test (P=0.734). As common side effects, incidence rates of radioactive esophagitis and hematological toxicity were lower in DP group. Conclusion: For locally advanced esophageal cancer patients, current chemoradiotherapy with chemotherapy regimen of weekly docetaxel plus cisplatin has equal curative effect with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin, but well-tolerated by reducing side effects such as radioactive esophagitis and bone marrow suppression.
基金supported by programs of the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.XDB31000000)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31460091)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China(No.2005DKA21402)the Application of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants(No.QKZYD[2020]4002)。
文摘We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and ND2 genes supported the new species as an independent lineage,closely related to O.lipuensis.The uncorrected genetic distances between the 12 S rRNA and16 S rRNA in the new species and its closest congener,O.lipuensis,were 6.06%and 5.19%,respectively.The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)having medium body size,with the snout-vent length(SVL)of adult females approximately 1.2 times as long as males at 56.9±1.0(55.8-58.2 mm,n=9)in females and 48.7±1.2(47.1-49.9 mm,n=5)in males;(2)head length greater than width in males and females;(3)tympanum distinctly visible,greater than one-half the diameter of the eye;(4)eyes big and prominent,width of upper eyelid(UEW)approximately3/4 of eye diameter(ED);(5)dorsolateral folds absent;(6)two metacarpal tubercles;(7)relative finger lengths:Ⅱ<Ⅰ<Ⅳ<Ⅲ;(8)subarticular tubercles on fingers prominent:1,1,2,2;(9)one metatarsal tubercle;(10)tibiotarsal articulation reaching to between the eye and nostril when the leg is stretched forward;(11)toes with entire webbing to disks;(12)subarticular tubercles on toes prominent:1,1,2,3,2;(13)dorsal surfaces of limbs with distinct brownish-black bands;(14)smooth,grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling;(15)venter smooth,lacking black spots;and(16)lacking pectoral spinules,lacking vocal sacs,and light white nuptial pad present on finger I in males.The new species is currently only known from the type locality.
文摘High-performance aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were produced with fly ash from a coal power plant as one of the major raw materials. The structures of fly ash containing aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were compared before and after treatment by the methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During the 28 d curing time, the compressive strength of water glass and fly ash samples increased from 9.08 MPa to 26.75 MPa. The results show that most of the stiff shells are destroyed after mechanical grinding and chemical activation. Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR of 27Al shows that the wide peak becomes narrow and the main peak shifts to the direction of low field, indicating the decrease of polymerization degree, the enhancing of activity, the decrease of six-coordination structure, and the increase of small and symmet- rical four-coordination polyhedron structure within the aluminum-oxygen polyhedron network. Comparisons between MAS NMR of 29Si with different treatments suggest that QO disappears, the quantity of Q2 increases, and the quantity of Q4 decreases. The polymerization degree of silicon-oxygen is reduced, and the potential activity of fly ash is increased.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.19ZR1415300)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ21D060005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M681931)。
文摘Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in submarine groundwater(well water and pore water)in salt marshes plays an important role in advective exchange between the salt marshes and coastal waters.However,the molecular characteristics of DOC in salt marsh groundwater are poorly understood because of the complex DOC structures and hydrodynamic process.In this study,fl uorescent components and refractory DOC(RDOC)in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh(Chongming Island,China)and adjacent coastal water were characterized by fl uorescence spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The fl uorescent components identifi ed by parallel factor analysis indicated that humic-like substances dominated the chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater.The chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater had non-conservative behaviors because of additions from terrestrial humic substances.The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bioactive substances(carbohydrates)contributed only 13.2%-14.8%of the dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater but carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules(CRAMs),the main components of RDOC,contributed 64.5%of the dissolved organic matter.Carbohydrates and CRAMs contributed 16.4%and 61.7%of the dissolved organic matter in the coastal water,similar to the contributions for submarine groundwater.The DOC concentration in submarine groundwater was 386±294μmol/L,which was signifi cantly higher than that in coastal water(91±19μmol/L).The high DOC concentrations and>60%relative RDOC content suggested that submarine groundwater may be an important source of RDOC to coastal seawater.This information will be helpful for estimating the climate eff ects of salt marsh blue carbon.
基金financial support from Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030313423)Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B090919005)Pearl River Science and Technology New Star Project(201806010039).
文摘Phosphate material LiMnPO4 is popular for its high energy density(697 W·h·kg^(-1))and safety.When LiMnPO_(4) crystal grows,the potential barrier along b and c axis is strong,which makes the crystal grow along b axis to form a one-dimensional chain structure.However,the main migration channel of lithium ions in olivine structure is plane(010).By shortening the growth in the direction of b axis and enhancing the diffusion along the directions of a and c,two-dimensional nanosheets that are more conducive to the migration of lithium ions are formed.The dosage of polyols is the key factor guiding the dispersion of the crystals to the(010)plane.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and other means are used to characterize the samples.After experiments,we found that when the ratio of polyol/water was 2:1,the morphology of the synthesized sample was 20–30 nm thick nanosheets,which had the best electrochemical performance.At 0.1C,the discharge specific capacity reaches 148.9 mA·h·g^(-1),still reaches 144.3 mA·h·g^(-1) at the 50th cycle.and there is still 112.5 mA·h·g^(-1) under high rate(5C).This is thanks to the good dispersion of the material in the direction of the crystal plane(010).This can solve the problem of low conductivity and ionic mobility of phosphate materials.
基金The authors are supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(11961060,11671322)the Key Project of Natural Sciences Foundation of Gansu Province(18JR3RA084).
文摘In this article,we consider a discrete right-definite Sturm-Liouville problems with two squared eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions.By constructing some new Lagrange-type identities and two fundamental functions,we obtain not only the existence,the simplicity,and the interlacing properties of the real eigenvalues,but also the oscillation properties,orthogonality of the eigenfunctions,and the expansion theorem.Finally,we also give a computation scheme for computing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of specific eigenvalue problems.
基金supported by NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) under grant agreement No.41774084National Key R & D Program of China under grant No.2018YFC 1503506
文摘The hourly data of the vertical Z and the horizontal H components of 37 ground-based DC-ULF geomagnetic stations are examined during 20 April-12 May 2008. On 9 May 2008, three days before the Wenchuan MS 8.0 shock, anomalies-a double low-point and a decreased amplitude-are registered on the curves of the Z component at 25 stations in a large-scale area surrounding the Wenchuan epicentral area. The H component shows none of the double low-point phenomenon but does exhibit a reduced magnitude at the same time. The geomagnetic index Kp is also examined and indicates that the anomalies appear at a solar quiet period. The appearing time shift(Tzs) between the first low-point on May 9 and the minimum point occurring time of May 1-5, 2008 is also checked.The results show that Tzs is on the order of 1-2 hours earlier or later than usual and there is a 2-6 hours’ gap between these two lowpoints. However, there is still a transition area which includes the epicenter where Tzs=0. Variation amplitude examined on vertical Z increases as the distance from the epicenter decreases. An Earth-air-ionosphere model has been employed to investigate a possible mechanism of this phenomenon and positive results have been unexpectedly attained. All these above-related results tend to prove that the variations of the Z and H on May 9, 2008 during the solar quiet period are probably associated with the forthcoming Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake.
基金support received from the Scientific Research Grant of Ningbo University(215-432000282)Ningbo Top Talent Project(215-432094250).
文摘In a recent single cell transcriptomic investigation of the peripheral immune responses of the patients with severe COVID-19[1],no substantial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been identified in the peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes,while these peripheral immune cells exhibit phenotypes of heterogeneously expressed interferon-stimulated genes in certain COVID-19 patients.These genes may contribute to the inhibitory response to the viral entry,translation,replication and egress.Questions remain regarding why the peripheral cytokine production is constrained,what additional roles these peripheral immune cells may play in COVID-19 pathophysiology,and which potential targets can be explored for facilitating COVID-19 therapeutics.
文摘Systems with a hidden degradation process are perva- sive in the real world. Degrading critical components will under- mine system performance and pose potential failures in the future. Prognostic aims at predicting potential failures before it evolves into faults. A prognostic procedure based on expectation maxi- mization and unscented Kalman filter is proposed. System state, sensor measurement and hidden degradation process are viewed as data (incomplete or missing) in the expectation maximization method. System state and hidden degradation process are esti- mated by a unscented Kalman filter upon sensor measurements. Component-specific parameters in a degradation process are iden- tified on the estimation of the degradation process. Residual life is measured by the median of estimated residual life distribution. The proposed procedure is verified by simulations on a first-order capacitor-resistance circuit with degrading resistance. Residual life estimation consists conservatively with the trend and is evalu- ated in terms of relative errors. Simulation results are reasonable. The proposed prognostic method expects applications in practice.
文摘This paper researches some problems in complex formation for multi-agents,in which two matrices are proposed to record the formation.The pattern matrix is used to describe the pattern of the formation;meanwhile,the location matrix is used to record the location of each agent.Thus,all desired positions of each agent will be obtained by geometrical relationship on the basis of two matrices above.In addition a self-adaptation flocking algorithm is proposed to control all agents to form a desired formation and avoid obstacles.The main idea is as follows:agents will form a desired formation through the method of formation control when far away from obstacles;otherwise,agents will freely fly to pass through the area of obstacles.In the simulation,three scenarios are designed to verify the effectiveness of our method.The results show that our method also can be applied in three dimensions.All agents will form a stable formation and keep the same velocity at last.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFE0309103)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11875020, 11705052, 11875124 and U1867222)the ITER Organization and China Domestic Agency for the support of this work (ITER5.5.P01.CN.05)。
文摘Sheath potential coefficient α is a key parameter, which is used to estimate plasma potential(Vp)for edge plasma physics study. Recently, a series of experiments has been carried out under hydrogen plasmas in the J-TEXT tokamak with swept probe, which is employed for current–voltage(I–V) characteristic measurement. Electron temperature is evaluated from I–V curve by three-parameter fitting method, and the electron energy probability function shows that electron distribution is Maxwellian both outside and inside of last closed flux surface(LCFS). Plasma potential is obtained by crossing point between I–V exponential fitting curve and electron saturation current extrapolating line, which is in good agreement with first derivative probe technique. The α coefficient profile in the vicinity of the LCFS is obtained, which is in the range of 2.1–3, and decreases from outside to inside of LCFS.