A New 2 + 1-Dimensional Integrable Variable Coefficient Toda Equation

In this paper, a new integrable variable coefficient Toda equation is proposed by utilizing a generalized version of the dressing method. At the same time, we derive the Lax pair of the new integrable variable coefficient Toda equation. The compatibility condition is given, which insures that the new Toda equation is integrable. To further analyze the character of the Toda equation, we derive one soliton solution of the obtained Toda equation by using separation of variables.

慢性精神分裂症迟发性运动障碍临床特征横断面研究（英文）

背景:迟发性运动障碍(Tardive Dyskinesia,TD)是由于患者长期服用抗精神病药物后产生的一种异常不自主运动障碍,它会加剧精神疾病患者的社会功能障碍,并进一步影响患者对抗精神病药物的服药依从性。目前对于TD的病因及其发病机制尚不清楚,且TD累及部位多、个体差异性大,导致其极易被漏诊或误诊。本研究旨在评估TD患者的异常运动模式,进一步分析TD不同模式是否存在差异,为进一步寻找TD预防和早期诊断的方法,发现有效的治疗手段提供帮助。目的:描述伴发TD的慢性精神分裂症患者的运动模式,分析其临床特征及危险因素。方法 :对徐汇区精神卫生中心精神科住院的慢性精神分裂症患者进行横断面调查,运用异常不自主运动量表(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale,AIMS)筛查出伴有TD的慢性精神分裂症患者,对患者的运动障碍进行评估,并按照疾病受累方式进行分组。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)对患者的精神症状进行评估,收集临床资料,比较两组差异,分析TD的临床特征和危险因素。结果 :(1)共448例患者符合慢性精神分裂症入组标准,TD组46例,对照组402例。TD组与对照组比较,性别、年龄、精神分裂症总病程、精神分裂症起病年龄、抗精神病药物剂量(每日氯丙嗪当量)、PANSS量表阴性症状因子分、PANSS量表总分的差异均有统计学意义。(2)年龄、PANSS量表阴性症状因子分、抗精神病药物剂量(每日氯丙嗪当量)、性别等四个因素可能与TD的发生有关。(3)TD患者中存在面部及口腔部位运动障碍的有67.4%,肢体运动障碍的有58.7%,躯干运动障碍的有37%,差异有统计学意义,不同部位运动障碍相应的AIMS分量表评分结果差异有统计学意义。(4)单一部位受累的TD患者与多部位受累的TD患者比较,性别、精神分裂症起病年龄、AIMS量表总分、异常运动的严重程度评分及由于异常运动导致的运动能力丧失程度的差异有统计学意义。结论 :(1)与对照组相比,TD组中可能男性患者的比例更高、年龄更大、总病程更长、起病年龄更晚、抗精神病药物剂量更高、阴性症状更为突出。年龄、PANSS量表阴性症状因子分、抗精神病药物剂量(每日氯丙嗪当量)、性别等4个因素可能是发生TD的危险因素。(2)伴有TD的慢性精神分裂症患者运动障碍以面部及口腔部位障碍最为频发,异常运动的症状更严重。(3)与单部位受累的TD患者相比,多部位受累的TD患者可能起病年龄更早、运动障碍更加严重、对患者运动功能的影响更大。

Single Neuron PID Control Based on Expert Experiences for Temperature Difference Control System of a Digester

Considering the temperature difference of displacement cooking characterized by severe non-linearity, large time delay, and real-time control, a cascade PID adaptive control strategy composed of a single neuron is proposed to ensure cooking temperature uniformity. The control strategy introduces expert experiences to adjust the single neuron gain K, while a single neuron PID self-learning and adaptive ability, as well as cascade advantage can be combined to realize the real-time and fast temperature difference control. In the Simulink, the s-function of this control strategy is used to carry out a dynamic simulation experiment with temperature difference characteristics and verify the robustness and response to model mismatch. Compared to conventional temperature difference-flow PID cascade control and single neuron PID cascade control, this control strategy has better robustness and stronger adaptability. The results of real-time control on the THJSK-1 experiment platform indicate this control strategy is feasible.

Hydrogel-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon framework with vanadium nitride decoration for supercapacitors with superior cycling performance

Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)and their composites with carbon materials hold tremendous potential for supercapacitor(SC)electrodes because of their excellent electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity.However,realizing cycling stable TMN/carbon-based supercapacitors with economically viable and environmentally-friendly approaches remains a significant challenge.Significantly,polyacrylamide(PAM)hydrogel,as a water-soluble linear polymer electrolyte,is expected to be a remarkable candidate precursor for preparing N-doped porous carbon(NPC)due to the high contents of carbon and nitrogen elements.In this study,vanadium nitride(VN)embedded in PAM hydrogel-derived NPC was fabricated successfully via an ammonia-free process.The VN/NPC delivers a high specific capacitance of 198.3 F g^(−1)at a current density of 1 A g^(−1),with a remarkable cycling stability of 107%after 16,000 cycles.The electrochemical performances of VN/NPC compared to bare VN nanoparticles are strongly improved due to the composite structure.Additionally,the VN/NPC-based solid-state symmetric device delivers an excellent energy density of 21.97µWh cm^(−2)at a power density of 0.5 mW cm^(−2),and an outstanding cycling durability of 90.9%after 18,000 cycles.This work paves the way to design metal nitride/porous carbon materials,which also opens up unique horizons for the recovery of hydrogel electrolyte.

Surface modification with oxygen vacancy in Li-rich layered oxide Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 for lithium-ion batteries

A couple of layered Li-rich cathode materials Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 without any carbon modification are successfully synthesized by solvothermal and hydrothermal methods followed by a calcination process. The sample synthesized by the solvothermal method(S-NCM) possesses more homogenous microstructure, lower cation mixing degree and more oxygen vacancies on the surface, compared to the sample prepared by the hydrothermal method(H-NCM). The S-NCM sample exhibits much better cycling performance, higher discharge capacity and more excellent rate performance than H-NCM. At 0.2 C rate,the S-NCM sample delivers a much higher initial discharge capacity of 292.3 mAh g^-1 and the capacity maintains 235 m Ah g^-1 after 150 cycles(80.4% retention), whereas the corresponding capacity values are only 269.2 and 108.5 m Ah g^-1(40.3% retention) for the H-NCM sample. The S-NCM sample also shows the higher rate performance with discharge capacity of 118.3 mAh g^-1 even at a high rate of 10 C, superior to that(46.5 m Ah g^-1) of the H-NCM sample. The superior electrochemical performance of the S-NCM sample can be ascribed to its well-ordered structure, much larger specific surface area and much more oxygen vacancies located on the surface.

Altering sub-cellular location for bioimaging by engineering the carbon based fluorescent nanoprobe

In recent years,numerous classes of carbon-based nanomaterials,such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),carbon dots(CDs),graphene and its derivatives,graphene quantum dots(GQDs)and fullerene,have been deeply explored for potential applications in the biological fields,e.g.,bioimaging[1-5],biosensing[6,7],drug nanocarrier[8-12],etc.,owing to their unique and alluring physical and chemical properties.Among them,GQDs are a subject of interesting and promising research with many advantages such as strong signal strength,resistance to photobleaching,tunable fluorescence emissions,high sensitivity and biocompatibility[13-35].Compared with those semiconductor QDs,GQDs have remarkable superior让y in low toxicity,excellent biocompatibility,low cost,and abundance of original materials in nature[36].High quality GQDs have a wide range of applications,such as light emitting diodes(LEDs)[37,38],solar cells[39,40]and photocatalysis[41,42],aside from biological fields.Up to now,various GQDs with different photoluminescent(PL)colors have been synthesized by two dominating approaches including top-down and bottomup methods.The top-down method refers to cutting bulk carbon materials into nanoscale-carbon materials by necessary physical and chemical processes[43].

Metal/antiperovskite metal nitride composites Ag/AgNNi_(3)as novel efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media

Searching for effective hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts is crucial for water splitting.Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)are very attractive potential candidates since of high electrical conductivity,robust stability,element rich and high activity.Antiperovskite metal nitrides provide chemical flexibility since two different types of transition metal elements are contained,allowing partial substitution both for A-and M-sites.Herein,we report a novel antiperovskite metal nitride Ag_(x)Ni_(1-x)NNi_(3)(0≤x≤0.80)thin film used as highly effective HER electrocatalysts.Pure phase antiperovskite nitride can be successfully obtained for Ag_(x)Ni_(1-x)NNi_(3)with x less than 0.80.The Ag_(0.76)Ni_(0.24)NNi_(3) towards HER shows an overpotential of 122 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)in alkaline media.Furthermore,considering the role of Ag for adsorbing hydroxyl groups,chemical engineering has been carried out for designing metal/antiperovskite nitride Ag/Ag_(x)Ni_(1-x)NNi_(3)composite electrocatalysts.The 0.18 Ag/Ag_(0.80)Ni_(0.20)NNi_(3)electrocatalyst shows a mere 13 and 81 mV of overpotential to reach 1 and 10 mA cm^(-2),respectively,showing high durability in alkaline media.These results will provide a novel type of HER catalysts based on antiperovskite metal nitrides and a strategic design for metal/antiperovskite metal nitride composite electrocatalysts for HER in alkaline media.

Interrogating the impact of aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles on in vitro protein stability,ex vivo protein homeostasis,and in vivo biocompatibility

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials offer promising perspectives in disease diagnosis and therapeutics given their unique optical and photochemical properties.A key step toward translational applications for AIE materials is to systematically and vigorously evaluate their biosafety and biocompatibility.While previous studies focus on cellular viability and toxicity,the impact of AIE materials on detailed stress responses manifesting cellular fitness has been less explored.Herein,this work provides the first piece of evidence to support amphiphilic functionalization of AIE nanoparticles minimizes the deterioration on proteome stability and cellular protein homeostasis(proteostasis).To this end,four scaffolds of AIE molecules were prepared,further functionalized into eight nanoparticles with two amphiphilic shells respectively,and characterized for their physicochemical properties.Thermal shift assay quantitatively demonstrates that AIE materials after amphiphilic functionalization into nanoparticles enhance proteome thermodynamic stability and ameliorate proteome aggregation propensity in cellular lysate,echoed by cell viability and fractionation experiments.Intriguingly,poor polydispersity index(PDI)of functionalized nanoparticles exaggerates their retention and aggregation in the cell.Comparative proteomic analysis uncovers that amphiphilic functionalization of AIE materials can minimize the deterioration of cellular protein homeostasis network.Finally,vigorous interrogation of functionalized AIE nanoparticles in mice model reveals the complexity of factors affecting the biocompatibility profiles in vivo,including materials’size,PDI,and treatment frequencies.Overall,amphiphilic functionalization of AIE materials into nanoparticles is necessary to maintain proteome stability and balance cellular protein homeostasis.

Facile synthesis of nanoparticles-stacked Co_(3)O_(4) nanoflakes with catalase-like activity for accelerating wound healing

Delayed wound healing caused by excessive reactive oxygen species(Ros)remains a considerable challenge.In recent years,metal oxide nanozymes have gained significant attention in biomedical research.However,a comprehensive investigation of Co_(3)O_(4)-based nanozymes for enhancing wound healing and tissue regeneration is lacking.This study focuses on developing a facile synthesis method to produce high-stability and costeffective Co_(3)O_(4) nanoflakes(NFs)with promising catalase(CAT)-like activity to regulate the oxidative microenvironment and accelerate wound healing.The closely arranged Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)within the NFs structure result in a significantly larger surface area,thereby amplifying the enzymatic activity compared to commercially available Co_(3)O_(4) NPs.Under physiological conditions,itwas observed that CogO,NFs efficientlybreak down hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))without generating harmful radicals(OH).Moreover,they exhibit excellent compatibility with various cells involved in wound healing,promoting fibroblast growth and protecting cells from oxidatives tress.In a ratmodel,Co_(3)O_(4) NFs facilitate both the hemostatic and proliferative phases of wound healing,consequently accelerating the process.Overal,thepromising results of Co_(3)O_(4) NFs highlight their potential in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.