Eu-MOF-Based Fluorescent Ratiometric Sensor by Detecting 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic for Fingerprint Visualization on Porous Objects

Latent fingerprints(LFPs)at the crime scene are served as important clues to locate the trajectory of criminal behavior and portray the characteristics of the suspect.Therefore,visualizing LFPs is of considerable significance.In this work,the europium metal-organic framework(Eu-MOF)sensor was successfully constructed for sensitive detection of gallic acid(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid,GA)and visualization of the sweat LFPs.The boric-acid-modified Eu-MOF was prepared by using the simple one-pot solvothermal method using Eu as the metal i ion center and 3,5-dicarboxybenzeneboronic acid(BBDC)as the organic ligand.The sensor showed desirable photoluminescent performance through the chelating of BBDC with Eu3+.The sensor exhibited the satisfactory linear relationship to GA in the range of 1 nM to 20 nM with a low detection limit of 0.34 nM under the optimized conditions.The prepared sensor with ideal selectivity to GA was successfully applied for visualizing LFPs on porous substrates with the high contrast and superior stability.Given the good performance of the sensor,all fingerprint images obtained from 1200 samples presented clear friction ridges and met the identification criteria.Notably,the sensor had less impact on the subsequent deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)detection,displaying a promising perspective for applications in extracting physical evidence of site investigation.

Enhanced production of seed oil with improved fatty acid composition by overexpressing NAD^(+)-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in soybean

There is growing interest in expanding the production of soybean oils(mainly triacylglycerol, or TAG) to meet rising feed demand and address global energy concerns. We report that a plastidlocalized glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), encoded by GmGPDHp1 gene, catalyzes the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate(G3 P), an obligate substrate required for TAG biosynthesis.Overexpression of GmGPDHp1 increases soybean seed oil content with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids(FAs), especially oleic acid(C18:1), without detectably affecting growth or seed protein content or seed weight. Based on the lipidomic analyses, we found that the increase in G3 P content led to an elevated diacylglycerol(DAG) pool, in which the Kennedy pathwayderived DAG was mostly increased, followed by PC-derived DAG, thereby promoting the synthesis of TAG containing relatively high proportion of C18:1. The increased G3 P levels induced several transcriptional alterations of genes involved in the glycerolipid pathways. In particular, genes encoding the enzymes responsible for de novo glycerolipid synthesis were largely upregulated in the transgenic lines, in-line with the identified biochemical phenotype. These results reveal a key role for GmGPDHp1-mediated G3 P metabolism in enhancing TAG synthesis and demonstrate a strategy to modify the FA compositions of soybean oils for improved nutrition and biofuel.

Objective evaluation of similarity scores derived by Evofinder^(®) system for marks on bullets fired from Chinese Norinco QSZ-92 pistols

In recent years,many studies have been conducted in the field of firearm identification with the objective of providing an objective method of evaluating the comparison of cartridge cases.However,less attention has been paid to the objective evaluation of bullet comparisons.In this study,1000 registered Chinese Norinco QSZ-92 pistols were used,and a database of 2996 bullets was constructed.Both the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the score-based likelihood ratio method were used to objectively evaluate the similarity scores derived by the EvofinderVR system.The results indicate that this system has excellent ability to discriminate between the selected pistols.This paper proposes an objective evaluation method,which serves as a response to the ongoing debates regarding the foundation of the discipline.

Specificity of Characteristic Marks on Cartridge Cases from 3070 Consecutive Firings of a Chinese Norinco QSZ‑929 mm Pistol

The specificity of marks was evaluated by differences between marks left by the same firearm(within variability)and differences between marks left by different firearms(between variability).The within variability and between variability of firing pin impressions and breech face marks on cartridge cases from over 3070 consecutive firings of a Chinese Norinco QSZ‑929 mm pistol were investigated based on the automated ballistic identification system Evofinder®.The first 20 cartridge cases and one random specimen out of every set of 10 consecutive cartridge cases of the remaining 3050 cases were entered into the Evofinder®system.Thus,325 cartridges fired from the same pistol were used to estimate the within variability.Then,88 cartridges fired from 88 different pistols of the same model(one cartridge each)were used to estimate the between variability.This study established a database containing 413 cartridges.We used the 325 cartridges fired from the same pistol as a correlation baseline in the database.Both firing pin and breech scores and gaps between these scores were used to analyze the variability.In the score evaluation process,a likelihood ratio system was used to evaluate the likelihood ratio performance.The Evofinder®system correctly discriminated the matches,and the likelihood ratios provided strong support for the true state of the hypothesis.In addition,we found that the score gap was usually greater than the other score differences by more than 1000%in firing pin list and 100%in the breech list.Further analysis of the score and gap can help examiners use the Evofinder®system more efficiently.