Determination and Analysis on Heat of Trapezoidal Soil Wall in Solar Greenhouse

Solar greenhouse with trapezoidal soil wall is widely used due to its good heat retaining property and cost efficiency.In this study, solar irradiance, heat flux and the temperature 0.05 and 0.3 m from the inner surface of the wall at the upper,middle and lower measured positions were determined to study the thermal condition of the trapezoidal soil wall in solar greenhouse. The results showed: first, both the solar irradiance and the temperature increased from the upper to the lower measured position. Second, the heat absorption also increased from the upper to the lower measured position. In clear day, the heat absorption at the three measured positions accounted for 31.4%, 32.6% and 36.0% of the total amount of heat absorption of the whole wall. In cloudy day, the heat absorption at the three measured positions were 0.249, 0.370 and 0.440 MJ/m^2, which accounted for 23.5%, 35.0% and 41.4% of the total amount of heat absorption of the whole wall. When P<0.05, the heat fluxes were strikingly different between the upper and lower measured positions. But when P<0.01, the heat flux had no big difference among the three measured positions. Third, in clear day, the heat emission was the biggest at the middle measured position and smallest at the upper measured position. The heat emission at the three measured positions accounted for 27.5%, 36.7%and 35.8% of the total amount of heat emission of the whole wall. And the heat emission between the middle and lower measured position was not strikingly different. In cloudy day, the heat emission was the biggest at the lower measured position and smallest at the upper measured position. The average heat emission at the three measured positions accounted for 26.1%,36.4% and 37.4% of the total amount of heat emission of the whole wall. Fourthly, correlativity, the solar irradiance directly influenced the heat absorption and had close relation with heat emission. And heat emission again had close relation with the temperature in the greenhouse. Solar irradiance directly influences the thermal condition of a solar green house. It is hoped that this study can be referred to optimize trapezoidal structure and to improve the thermal conditions of the solar greenhouse.

Observetion of major organs deadaptation change after returning to lower altitude in Qinghai-Tibet railway construction population

High altitude deadaptation affects the health of population returned to the plain. We examined major physiological functions in 348 healthy control subjects and 626 Qinghai-Tibet railway construction workers who returned to the plain from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Blood indices, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet larger cell ratio, of the returned group that had stayed at high altitude more than 3 years were significantly higher than those of the control group. Red blood cell distribution width and platelet were significantly lower in the returned group than in the control group. Compared to the control group, five years after returning to the plain, the returned group had higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin and lower red blood cell distribution width. Detection rate of hypotension and low pulse pressure were significantly higher in the returned group than in the control group at 20 months after the return, and cardiothoracic ratio was significantly higher in the returned group than in the control group at 40 months after the return. Short-term memory function was significantly lower in the returned group than in the control group. Total triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were significantly lower, but total thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were significantly higher in the returned group than in the control group. Sex hormones level returned to normal level in the returned group. Superoxide dismutase was significantly higher and malondialdehyde was significantly lower in the returned group than in the control group. Fatty acid binding protein was significantly higher in the returned group than in the control group, and this difference maintained with time after the return. We conclude that physiological functions of most organs in returned population after exposed to high altitude can not be completely restored to the normal level in a short period of time.

MINS, a Novel Naphthalimide-Polyamine Conjugate, Induced Apoptosis Depending on p53 Status in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Natural polyamine is an ideal antitumor drug carrier because of the great requirement difference between cancer cells and normal cells. Previous data demonstrated that many cytotoxic drugs conjugated with natural or synthetic polyamines have potent antitumor effects. Up to now, the antitumor mechanism of conjugates of naphthalimides with polyamine remains poorly understood in human colon cancer cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of MINS (a novel naph-thalimide-polyamine conjugate) and mechanism of MINS in human colon cancer cells. Mitochondrial toxicity, which was generated by ROS from mitochondria electron transport chain, might be a major factor in MINS-inducted apoptosis. Our data also demonstrated that MINS-mediated cell apoptosis depend on p53 status, for MINS induced Caco-2 cells (p53 null) only necrosis but not apoptosis. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect of MINS is stronger than that of Amonafide, the parent drug of MINS. Our data suggested that the MINS-mediated cell apoptosis depend on p53 in human colon cancer cells.

Terroir Suitability Zoning for the Six Prevailing Wine Grape Varieties in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(with a Focus on the Helan Mountain East) of China

Terroir plays an important role in wine grape production and good wine making.Among all the aspects of terroir in a given region,climate,soil and variety are the most important ones.The goal of this study was to evaluate these three aspects of terroir in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,with a focus on the Helan Mountain East.Based on historical weather data during the period 1981 to 2016 from 22 meteorological stations in the research area,the climatic indices were derived,with which the growable zone for wine grape cultivation in the research area was identified.By synthesizing the climatic indices and soil type data,stepwise and optimization methods were used to divide the growable zone into optimal,suitable,near-suitable and unsuitable zones for the six prevailing wine grape varieties.In the analysis,the six prevailing wine grape varieties include two white wine grape varieties of“Chardonnay”and“Riesling”and four red wine grape varieties of“Cabernet Sauvignon”,“Merlot”,“Pinot Noir”and“Grenache Noir”.With the Geographic Information System(ArcGIS)software,the geographical distributions of these terroir suitability zonings were mapped in the research area according to a small grid simulation model.The results showed that the growable zone for wine grapes was mainly focused in most of the northern and central parts of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.This particular zone was suitable for the typical red wine varieties like late-maturing“Grenache Noir”,medium-to-late maturing“Cabernet Sauvignon”,medium-maturing“Merlot”and early-maturing“Pinot Noir”.In particular,the optimal zone for these four red wine varieties was centered in Xixia county of Yinchuan city,Pigeon Hill of Qingtongxia city and Baima Township of Zhongning County.For the two early-to-medium maturing white wine varieties of“Riesling”and“Chardonnay”,the optimal and suitable zones were in the cool area of the central arid zone and the Qingshui River tributary.

二维层状沸石的合成及其催化、吸附与分离应用

与三维沸石相比,二维层状沸石具有更大的表面积、更短的扩散距离和更具韧性的结构,在许多领域中都具有更大优势。近年来,二维层状沸石的研究已成为新热点。本文基于前期文献调研总结,从两类合成角度(Bottom-up和Top-down法)归纳了近年来二维沸石的合成方法,重点综述了同种类型沸石的不同合成法的进展。此外,本文简述了二维沸石在催化、吸附和分离领域中的应用,并展望了二维沸石广阔的应用前景,以期为二维沸石的合成与应用提供参考。

Plants affect the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae by modulating honeydew production

In a tritrophic context of plant-insect-entomopathogen,plants play important roles in modulating the interaction of insects and their pathogenic viruses.Currently,the influence of plants on the transmission of insect viruses has been mainly studied on baculoviruses and some RNA viruses,whereas the impact of plants on other insect viruses is largely unknown.Here,we identified a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae and tested whether and how host plants influence the transmission of the aphid densovirus.The complete single-stranded DNA genome of the virus,M.persicae densovirus 2,is 5727 nt and contains inverted terminal repeats.Transcription and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus was distinct from other a few identified aphid densoviruses.The virus abundance was detected highly in the intestinal tract of aphids,compared with the lower level of it in other tissues including head,embryo,and epidermis.Cabbage and pepper plants had no obvious effect on the vertical transmission and saliva-mediated horizontal transmission of the virus.However,the honeydew-mediated horizontal transmission among aphids highly depended on host plants(65%on cabbages versus 17%on peppers).Although the virus concentration in the honeydew produced by aphids between 2 plants was similar,the honeydew production of the infected aphids reared on peppers was dramatically reduced.Taken together,our results provide evidence that plants influence the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus in an aphid population by modulating honeydew secretion of aphids,suggesting plants may manipulate the spread of an aphid-pathogenic densovirus in nature.

Boosted microwave absorption performance of transition metal doped TiN fibers at elevated temperature

Due to the temperature and frequency response of electromagnetic(EM)loss,how to realize the effective design of microwave absorption materials(MWAMs)at elevated temperature is highly desirable for practical applications.Herein,transition metaldoped titanium nitride(M-TiN,M=Fe or Co)fibers were fabricated,the distortion of TiN lattice could cause the adjustable charge enrichment,which played a profound influence on the dielectric response and EM microwave absorption(EMWA)performances.Benefiting from the negative correlation between dielectric loss and temperature,more loss mechanism could be introduced,which would effectively enhance dielectric loss and EMWA performances at elevated temperature.The optimal EMWA performances of Fe-TiN fibers/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)composites were realized with a wide temperature range(298–423 K):the reflection loss(RL)could reach 99%(RL<−20 dB)at 12.2 GHz with 1.8 mm,when the filler content was only 15.0 wt.%.Compared with the undoped-TiN fibers/PDMS and Co-TiN fibers/PDMS composites,the excellent EMWA of Fe-TiN fibers/PDMS composite could be attributed to the reasonably synergistic polarization loss and conduction loss.Based on systematic analysis of the variable-temperature EM parameters and EMWA performances,the optimization of EMWA performances in wide temperature domain could be realized by introducing appropriate polarization loss and its compensating.Hopefully,this work provides a new strategy for regulating the dielectric response and designing effective MWAMs at elevated temperature.

One-step selective dehydrogenation of cyclic hemiacetal sugars toward to their chiral lactones

Chiral glycosyl lactone is an important class of bioactive compound and pharmaceutical intermediate in nature, especially for chiral lactones with 4 carbon atoms, which are very useful building blocks for synthesis of biologically interesting compounds. Herein, a selective dehydrogenation and solvent matched catalytic system under oxygen-free conditions was developed to try to achieve the one-step direct conversion of cyclic hemiacetal sugars toward their chiral glycosyl lactones. During the process, the inherent structural characteristics of sugar was efficiently utilized, and the transfer of its chiral centers was realized. Under the optimum condition, the corresponding lactones were successfully prepared from C_(4)-C6sugars with cyclic hemiacetal structure in acetonitrile. The reaction mechanism in acetonitrile was explored by the first principle density functional theory calculations and tracking reaction process. It was found that the high lactone yield in acetonitrile was due to the high proportion of α-conformation form among multiple tautomers in it. This selective dehydrogenation process may further extend the possibility of the preparation of chiral synthons from carbohydrates directly.

滇杨种群遗传多样性与遗传结构

滇杨(Populus yunnanensis)是我国西南地区的特有树种,具有速生、易无性繁殖、适应性强等优良特性,是典型的南方型杨属树种。研究滇杨遗传多样性及种群结构对其种质资源的收集、保存和利用具有重要的意义。本研究从我国滇杨主要分布区云南和四川共采集了6个种群,包括云南的昭通(ZT)、会泽(HZ)、嵩明(SM)、洱源(EY)、拉市海(LS)以及四川的美姑(MG),共64个个体,利用34对SSR分子标记和3对cp DNA叶绿体标记开展遗传多样性与遗传结构研究。SSR引物共检测到154个等位基因,平均等位基因数为4.529,观测杂合度(Ho)与期望杂合度(He)分别为0.552和0.472,遗传分化系数(Fst)平均值为0.238,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)平均值为0.421,基因流(Nm)为0.806。滇杨的遗传结构分析(DAPC)与遗传距离的主坐标分析(PCo A)、UPGMA聚类分析均将6个种群划分为3个亚类:第?亚类包括昭通种群、会泽种群和嵩明种群的4个个体,第??亚类包括嵩明种群的6个个体以及洱源种群和拉市海种群,第III亚类为美姑种群;嵩明种群包含第?和第??两个亚类的混合遗传成分。3个cp DNA联合序列中共检测到35个变异位点,分为13个单倍型,其中单倍型H5在种群中分布最为广泛,其余的单倍型均为种群特有的单倍型。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明种群内的遗传变异大于种群间变异。研究表明滇杨不同种群的遗传分化具有地域性,可选择就地保护;昭通种群遗传多样性最高,且包含7种叶绿体单倍型,单倍型类型最多,应优先保护。

Seed-induced synthesis of functional MFI zeolite materials:Method development,crystallization mechanisms,and catalytic properties

As an important zeolite material,MFI zeolites,as well as their controllable synthesis,are of great interest in both basic and applied science.Among the developed synthetic approaches,the seed-induced method has gradually evolved into a facile,low-cost,and even green alternative to give zeolites the desirable physicochemical properties.In this review,we briefly summarize the development of seed-induced syntheses of diverse functional MFI zeolites,where the“living”seed crystals not only direct the formation of zeolitic framework but also function as special“templates”or“units”to fine-tune the zeolite materials with diverse sizes,shapes,compositions,morphologies and pore structures.Moreover,on the basis of their structural features and crystallization behaviors in seed-induced synthesis,we reveal the roles of seeds and discuss the related crystallization mechanisms including both classical and non-classical pathways.We also want to guide readers to investigate the structure-performance relationships between these functional MFI zeolite catalysts and suitable catalytic reactions.

Analysis of the thermal performance of the novel assembled Chinese solar greenhouse with a modular soil wall in winter of Yinchuan,China

In order to improve the thermal insulation and storage performance of Chinese solar greenhouses in winter,a novel assembled Chinese solar greenhouse(ACSG)without energy supplement in cold climatic areas was designed to evaluate and compare its thermal performance with that of conventional Chinese solar greenhouse(CSG).The thermal properties of both greenhouses were tested in field on cold winter days in Ningxia,China.The results indicated that the land utilization rate of ACSG was 19.3%higher than that of CSG.On a typical sunny day(the lowest outdoor temperature was−22.0℃)and typical cloudy day(the lowest outdoor temperature was−19.7℃)during the experiment,the minimum indoor temperature of ACSG was respectively 1.7℃and 2.0℃higher than that of CSG.The results for 24 consecutive days(the average outdoor daily minimum air temperature was−19.0℃)showed that the average minimum indoor temperature of ACSG was 1.4℃higher than that of CSG(p<0.05).The modular soil wall attached with colored steel polystyrene boards would be exploited as the north wall of CSG in Yinchuan area.

哪些因素阻碍了日本公共和私营部门的职员意识到性别不平等?

尽管女性在日本劳动人口中的占比在过去30年里有极大的增长,但是收入和地位上的性别不平等依然如故。这里涉及的一个重大问题就是社会中缺乏对性别不平等的意识。本研究的目的就是探讨阻碍公共和私营部门的职员认识到性别不平等的因素,尤其是日本式的管理和文化规范。我们用职业生涯调查收集1999—2011年的数据进行实证分析。本研究发现,公职人员和私企员工在性别不平等的意识上没有显著的差异,但是影响他们的性别不平等意识的因素确实不同。本文还讨论了我们的研究发现对促进全日本职场性别平等的意义。