Distribution and invasion of Spartina alterniflora within the Jiaozhou Bay monitored by remote sensing image

Spartina alterniflora as an alien invasive plant,poses a serious threat to the ecological functions of the coastal wetland of the Jiaozhou Bay.As of 2019,the distribution area of S.alterniflora in the Jiaozhou Bay has reached more than 500 hm^(2).For this reason,combined with field surveys,remote sensing monitoring of the invasion S.alterniflora in the Jiaozhou Bay has been carried out.To accurately identify S.alterniflora within the Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland,we used a new method which is an implement of deep convolutional neural network,and by which we got a higher accuracy than the traditional method.Based on distribution of S.alterniflora extracted by the proposed method,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of S.alterniflora were analyzed.And then combined with environmental factors,the invasion mechanism of S.alterniflora in the Jiaozhou Bay was analyzed in detail.From the monitoring results,it can be seen that S.alterniflora in Jiaozhou Bay is mainly distributed in the beaches near the Yanghe River Estuary and its southern side,the Dagu River Estuary and the Nügukou.Spartina alterniflora first broke out near the Yanghe River Estuary and gradually spread to the tidal flats near the Nügukou.The Dagu River Estuary is dominated by S.anglica,whose area has not changed much over the years,and a small amount of S.alterniflora has invaded later.

A wake-up call: signaling in regulating ornamental geophytes dormancy

Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophytes is critical for the process of storage,planting as well as breeding.Although the dormant physiology in geophytes is complex and largely unknown,several advancements have been achieved in this field.Here,we review the knowledge on the role of environmental factors,endogenous hormones,carbohydrates,and epigenetics in the regulation of geophytes dormancy release(GDR).We also discuss dormancy release(DR)methods and their roles in geophytes,including small molecular chemicals and wounding treatments.

Enhancing wheat regeneration and genetic transformation through overexpression of TaLAX1

In the realm of genetically transformed crops,the process of plant regeneration holds utmost significance.However,the low regeneration efficiency of several wheat varieties currently restricts the use of genetic transformation for gene functional analysis and improved crop production.This research explores overex-pression of TaLAX PANICLE1(TaLAX1),which markedly enhances regeneration efficiency,thereby boost-ing genetic transformation and genome editing in wheat.Particularly noteworthy is the substantial increase in regeneration efficiency of common wheat varieties previously regarded as recalcitrant to genetic trans-formation.Our study shows that increased expression of TaGROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR(TaGRF)genes,alongside that of their co-factor,TaGRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1(TaGIF1),enhances cytokinin accumulation and auxin response,which may play pivotal roles in the improved regeneration and transfor-mation of TaLAX1-overexpressing wheat plants.Overexpression of TaLAX1 homologs also significantly in-creases the regeneration efficiency of maize and soybean,suggesting that both monocot and dicot crops can benefit from this enhancement.Ourfindings shed light on a gene that enhances wheat genetic trans-formation and elucidate molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie wheat regeneration.

Effects of solid-state fermentation product of yeast supplementation on liver and intestinal health,and resistance of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)against spring viraemia carp virus

This study aimed to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation products of yeast(SFPY)on liver and intestinal health and disease resistance of common carp(Cyprinus carpio).A total of 200 common carp with an initial average weight of 2.55±0.004 g were divided into 5 groups(4 replications per group and 10 fish per replication),and were fed with one of five diets,including a control diet and 4 diets supplemented with 2‰(Y2),3‰(Y3),4‰(Y4),or 5‰(Y5)SFPY,respectively,for 8 weeks.Results indicated that,the addition of SFPY to the diet of common carp did not affect the growth performance or survival rate of fish(P=0.253).Interestingly,with the addition of SFPY,the triacylglycerol(TAG)content of the liver presented a linear decreasing tendency(P=0.004),with significantly decreased in Y4 and Y5 groups(P=0.035)compared with control.Serum lipopolysaccharide(LPS)content and diamine oxidase(DAO)activity presented a negative linear relationship with the addition of SFPY(P=0.015,P=0.030),while serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP)content first decreased and then increased(P<0.001).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the intestine of fish increased continuously with increasing SFPY supplementation(P=0.026),reaching the highest level in Y5 group.The villus height in all experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.001).Furthermore,compared to the control,adding 3‰SFPY to the control diet of common carp significantly increased the relative abundance of Fusobacteria(P=0.018)and decreased that of Proteobacteria(P=0.039)at phylum level,and increased the relative abundance of Cetobacterium(P=0.018)and decreased that of Shewanella(P=0.013)at genus level.Compared with the control,the relative mRNA expression level of spring viraemia of carp virus N protein(SVCV-n)in the kidney was lower than that of the control group without significance and bottomed out in Y4 group(P=0.138).In conclusion,dietary SFPY enhanced the SVCV resistance capacity of common carp by improving liver and intestinal health and modulating the gut microbiota.Thus,SFPY is a potential feed additive to be used in aquaculture to reduce the huge economic loss of common carp due to SVCV disease.Based on liver TAG content and intestinal villus height,the optimal addition level of SFPY was 3.02‰and 2.72‰,respectively.

基于CsPbIBr_(2)的全无机半透明器件的光伏性能与热致变色性能

光伏热致变色智能窗采用钙钛矿材料并结合其热致变色和光伏特性,既可调控不同温度下的太阳光透过率,又可将吸收的光能转化为可用的电能.在此,我们利用经过优化的后退火工艺设计了一个结构为氟掺杂氧化锡(FTO)/SnO_(2)/CsPbIBr_(2)/NiO_(x)/铟锡氧化物(ITO)的半透明太阳能电池,在最佳条件下其平均可见光透过率为33.2%,光电转化效率为3.89%.同时,基于CsPbIBr_(2)的热致变色特性,我们发现当其由高温着色相转变为低温透明相时,器件的平均可见透过率可从33.2%提高至73.5%.此外,高温相向低温相的转变受湿度主导.当相对湿度从50%上升至90%时,钙钛矿相变时间从1005分钟大幅度下降至17分钟.然而,过高的湿度导致的过快相变会破坏钙钛矿的薄膜形貌和晶体结构,这将对CsPbIBr_(2)钙钛矿造成不可逆损伤.这项工作为半透明光伏和热致变色智能窗的应用提供了重要参考,并可预见这一领域将进一步助力降低建筑和汽车能耗.

Biocompatible CuO-decorated carbon nanoplatforms for multiplexed imaging and enhanced antitumor efficacy via combined photothermal therapy/chemodynamic therapy/chemotherapy

Inspired by the limitations of nanoparticles in cancer treatment caused by their low therapeutic effects and biotoxicity,biocompatible and photothermal enhanced copper oxide-decorated carbon nanospheres(CuO@CNSs)with doxorubicin hydrochloride(DOX)loading were constructed.CNSs as photothermal agents were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction.CuO was adsorbed on the surface of CNSs,which improved the photothermal conversion efficiency due to the electron transitions between C-2 p and Cu-3 d.In addition,CuO would release Cu2+ions in the tumor microenvironment,which could produce hydroxyl radical(·OH)to induce cancer cells apoptosis via Haber-Weiss and Fenton-like reactions.DOX as a chemotherapeutic agent was located on the surface of CuO@CNSs by electrostatic adsorption and released quickly in the tumor microenvironment to kill cancer cells.The CuO@CNSs-DOX nanoplatforms realized the combination therapy of photothermal therapy(PTT),chemodynamic therapy(CDT),and chemotherapy(CT),which have strong potential for cancer treatment.

Highly efficient metal-free catalyst from cellulose for hydrogen peroxide photoproduction instructed by machine learning and transient photovoltage technology

Great attention has been paid to green procedures and technologies for the design of environmental catalytic systems.Biomassderived catalysts represent one of the greener alternatives for green catalysis.Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))from O_(2) and H_(2)O is an ideal green way and has attracted widespread attention.Here,we show a metal-free photocatalyst from cellulose,which has a high photocatalytic activity for the photoproduction of H_(2)O_(2) with the reaction rate up to 2,093μmol/(h·g)and the apparent quantum efficiency of 2.33%.Importantly,a machine learning model was constructed to guide the synthesis of this metal-free photocatalyst.With the help of transient photovoltage(TPV)tests,we optimized their fabrication and catalytic activity,and clearly showed that the formation of carbon dots(CDs)facilitates the generation,separation,and transfer of photo-induced charges on the catalyst surface.This work provides a green way for the highly efficient metal-free photocatalyst design and study from biomass materials with the machine learning and TPV technology.

Highly crystalline core dominated the catalytic performance of carbon dot for cyclohexane to adipic acid reaction

Carbon dots(CDs)have uniquely structural,physicochemical and photochemical properties,suggesting a promising platform for catalysis applications.The in-depth understanding of the structure-activity relationship in the CDs-based catalyst system needs to know the effect of the crystalline core on their catalytic performance.The efficient catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane is an urgent challenge in current chemical industry,in which,adipic acid(AA)plays an important role in industry for synthesis of nylon6 and nylon-66.Here,we fabricated the pristine CDs by electrochemical etching graphite rod method and derived CDs with high crystalline core(CD-600,CD-800,and CD-1100)through a thermal treatment method in tube furnace.Furthermore,these CDs performed an outstanding catalytic performance for one-step synthesis of AA from cyclohexane.With the help of machine learning(ML),the deep correlations between features(structures of CDs,catalytic conditions)and catalytic performances were investigated by XGBoost(XGB)model.Then under the optimization and prediction of XGB,it was found that high crystalline core preceded the other features and CD-1100 could get the best conversion of 30.696%and selectivity to AA of 92.52%at reaction conditions of 130℃,1.5 MPa,and 10 h.This work pioneered the application of ML in industrial issues and demonstrated a comprehensive understanding on CDs as catalyst to realize one-step synthesis of AA.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive MnSiO_(3)-Pt@BSA-Ce6 nanoplatform for synergistic catalysis-enhanced sonodynamic and chemodynamic cancer therapy

Compared with traditional photodynamic therapy(PDT),ultrasound(US)triggered sonodynamic therapy(SDT)has a wide application prospect in tumor therapy because of its deeper penetration depth.Herein,a novel MnSiO_(3)-Pt(MP)nanocomposite composed of Mn Si O_(3)nanosphere and noble metallic Pt was successfully constructed.After modification with bovine serum albumin(BSA)and chlorine e6(Ce6),the multifunctional nanoplatform Mn SiO_(3)-Pt@BSA-Ce6(MPBC)realized the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-guided synergetic SDT/chemodynamic therapy(CDT).In this nanoplatform,sonosensitizer Ce6 can generate singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))to kill cancer cells under US irradiation.Meanwhile,the loaded Pt has the ability to catalyze the decomposition of overexpressed hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in tumor microenvironment(TME)to produce oxygen(O_(2)),which can conquer tumor hypoxia and promote the SDT-induced^(1)O_(2)production.In addition,MP can degrade in mildly acidic and reductive TME,causing the release of Mn^(2+).The released Mn^(2+) not only can be used for MRI,but also can generate hydroxyl radical(^·OH)for CDT by Fenton-like reaction.The multifunctional nanoplatform MPBC has high biological safety and good anticancer effect,which displays the great latent capacity in biological application.

Carbon dots/Bi_(2)WO_(6) composite with compensatory photo-electronic effect for overall water photo-splitting at normal pressure

Overall water photo-splitting is a prospective ideal pathway to produce ultra-clean H_(2) energy by semiconductors.However,the band structure of many semiconductors cannot satisfy the requirement of H_(2) and O_(2) production at the same time.Herein,we illustrate that carbon dots(CDs)/Bi_(2)WO_(6) photocatalyst with compensatory photo-electronic effect has enhanced activity for overall water photo-splitting without any sacrificial agent.In this complex photocatalytic system,the photo-potential provided by CDs makes the CDs/Bi2WO6(C-BWO)composite could satisfy the band structure conditions for overall water photo-splitting.The C-BWO composite(3 wt%CDs content)exhibits optimized hydrogen evolution(oxygen evolution)of 0.28μmol/h(0.12μmol/h)with an approximate 2:1(H_(2):O_(2))stoichiometry at normal pressure.We further employed the in-situ transient photovoltage(TPV)technique to study the photoelectron extraction and the interface charge transfer kinetics of this composite catalyst.

DNA crosslinking and recombination-activating genes 1/2(RAG1/2)are required for oncogenic splicing in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background:Abnormal alternative splicing is frequently associated with carcinogenesis.In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL),double homeobox 4 fused with immunoglobulin heavy chain(DUX4/IGH)can lead to the aberrant production of E-26 transformation-specific family related gene abnormal transcript(ERGalt)and other splicing variants.However,the molecular mechanism underpinning this process remains elusive.Here,we aimed to know how DUX4/IGH triggers abnormal splicing in leukemia.Methods:The differential intron retention analysis was conducted to identify novel DUX4/IGH-driven splicing in B-ALL patients.X-ray crystallography,small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),and analytical ultracentrifugation were used to investigate how DUX4/IGH recognize double DUX4 responsive element(DRE)-DRE sites.The ERGalt biogenesis and B-cell differentiation assays were performed to characterize the DUX4/IGH crosslinking activity.To check whether recombination-activating gene 1/2(RAG1/2)was required for DUX4/IGH-driven splicing,the proximity ligation assay,co-immunoprecipitation,mammalian two hybrid characterizations,in vitro RAG1/2 cleavage,and shRNA knock-down assays were performed.Results:We reported previously unrecognized intron retention events in Ctype lectin domain family 12,member A abnormal transcript(CLEC12Aalt)and chromosome 6 open reading frame 89 abnormal transcript(C6orf89alt),where also harbored repetitive DRE-DRE sites.Supportively,X-ray crystallography and SAXS characterization revealed that DUX4 homeobox domain(HD)1-HD2 might dimerize into a dumbbell-shape trans configuration to crosslink two adjacent DRE sites.Impaired DUX4/IGH-mediated crosslinking abolishes ERGalt,CLEC12Aalt,and C6orf89alt biogenesis,resulting in marked alleviation of its inhibitory effect on B-cell differentiation.Furthermore,we also observed a rare RAG1/2-mediated recombination signal sequence-like DNA edition in DUX4/IGH target genes.Supportively,shRNA knock-down of RAG1/2 in leukemic Reh cells consistently impaired the biogenesis of ERGalt,CLEC12Aalt,and C6orf89alt.Conclusions:All these results suggest that DUX4/IGH-driven DNA crosslinking is required for RAG1/2 recruitment onto the double tandem DRE-DRE sites,catalyzing V(D)J-like recombination and oncogenic splicing in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Elastic properties of Fe-bearing Akimotoite at mantle conditions: Implications for composition and temperature in lower mantle transition zone

The pyrolite model,which can reproduce the upper-mantle seismic velocity and density profiles,was suggested to have significantly lower velocities and density than seismic models in the lower mantle transition zone(MTZ).This argument has been taken as mineral-physics evidence for a compositionally distinct lower MTz.However,previous studies only estimated the pyrolite velocities and density along a one-dimension(1D)geotherm and never considered the effect of lateral temperature heterogeneity.Because the majorite-perovskite-akimotoite triple point is close to the normal mantle geotherm in the lower MTz,the lateral low-temperature anomaly can result in the presence of a significant fraction of akimotoite in pyrolitic lower MTZ.In this study,we reported the elastic properties of Fe-bearing akimotoite based on first-principles calculations.Combining with literature data,we found that the seismic velocities and density of the pyrolite model can match well those in the lower MTZ when the lateral temperature heterogeneity is modeled by a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of~10o K and an average temperature of dozens of K higher than the triple point of MgsiOg.We suggest that a harzburgite-rich lower MTZ is not required and the whole mantle convection is expected to be more favorable globally.