新工科背景下应用化学综合实验课程的改革与实践

新工科背景下,中南大学应用化学专业综合实验课程通过更新教学理念、调整教学目标、丰富教学内容、改革教学形式、改进教学方法、探索开放模式和多元评价体系等实践,培养了学生解决复杂问题及实践创新能力,满足新时代应用化学专业人才培养要求,可为相关专业综合实验课程的本科教学提供借鉴。

Grapevine VlbZIP30 improves drought resistance by directly activating VvNAC17 and promoting lignin biosynthesis through the regulation of three peroxidase genes

Drought stress severely affects grapevine quality and yield,and recent reports have revealed that lignin plays an important role in protection from drought stress.Since little is known about lignin-mediated drought resistance in grapevine,we investigated its significance.Herein,we show that VlbZIP30 mediates drought resistance by activating the expression of lignin biosynthetic genes and increasing lignin deposition.Transgenic grapevine plants overexpressing VlbZIP30 exhibited lignin deposition(mainly G and S monomers)in the stem secondary xylem under control conditions,which resulted from the upregulated expression of VvPRX4 and VvPRX72.Overexpression of VlbZIP30 improves drought tolerance,characterized by a reduction in the water loss rate,maintenance of an effective photosynthesis rate,and increased lignin content(mainly G monomer)in leaves under drought conditions.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay,luciferase reporter assays,and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR assays indicated that VlbZIP30 directly binds to the G-box cis-element in the promoters of lignin biosynthetic(VvPRX N1)and drought-responsive(VvNAC17)genes to regulate their expression.In summary,we report a novel VlbZIP30-mediated mechanism linking lignification and drought tolerance in grapevine.The results of this study may be of value for the development of molecular breeding strategies to produce drought-resistant fruit crops.

VlbZIP30 of grapevine functions in dehydration tolerance via the abscisic acid core signaling pathway

Drought stress limits the growth and development of grapevines,thereby reducing productivity,but the mechanisms by which grapevines respond to drought stress remain largely uncharacterized.Here,we characterized a group A bZIP gene from“Kyoho”grapevine,VlbZIP30,which was shown to be induced by abscisic acid(ABA)and dehydration stress.Overexpression of VlbZIP30 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced dehydration tolerance.Transcriptome analysis revealed that a major proportion of ABA-responsive and/or drought-responsive genes are transcriptionally regulated by VlbZIP30 during ABA or mannitol treatment at the cotyledon greening stage.We identified an A.thaliana G-box motif(CACGTG)and a potential grapevine G-box motif(MCACGTGK)in the promoters of the 39 selected A.thaliana genes upregulated in the transgenic plants and in the 35 grapevine homologs,respectively.Subsequently,using two grapevine-related databases,we found that 74%(23/31)and 84%(21/25)of the detected grapevine genes were significantly upregulated by ABA and drought stress,respectively,suggesting that these genes are involved in ABA or dehydration stress and may be regulated by VlbZIP30 in grapevine.We propose that VlbZIP30 functions as a positive regulator of dehydration-responsive signaling in the ABA core signaling pathway.

凸显特色与优势,建设应用化学国家一流本科专业

中南大学应用化学专业经过60多年的发展与建设,依托学校冶金、材料及医学优势学科群,通过多学科交叉融合,形成了以有色金属资源化学为主要特色的多学科方向,在功能材料化学领域具有"中南效应"特色。本文从学科传承、人才培养模式、教学体系、课程建设、师资队伍建设、教学保障等方面,介绍了本专业综合改革的主要举措及成效,凸显了专业的特色与优势,并提出了下一步专业建设和改革的推进规划。

全方位多层次立体化的应用化学专业实验教学模式的构建与实践

在新工科和国家一流本科专业建设大背景下,针对当前应用化学专业学生实验教学中能力和综合素质培养存在的问题,结合中南大学应用化学专业的自身特色与优势,创新教育理念,按照目标导向的方式对实验教学体系、教学内容和教学方法等方面进行系统性的教学改革与实践,建立了全方位多层次立体化的应用化学专业实验教学新模式,取得了良好的教学效果。

Ds插入突变体的遗传学综合性实验设计与探讨

学生创新能力的培养已成为中国高等教育的重要导向,加强综合设计性实验的应用是提高大学生创新能力的有效途径。文章以水稻Ds插入突变体为实验材料,以突变体表型观测作为实验切入点,以遗传分析和Ds转座检测为实验学习重点,重新设计了一个分子遗传学综合性实验项目。在此基础上,通过知识拓展环节引导学生利用开放实验平台学习TAIL-PCR技术,进一步进入研究性实验。通过综合性实验到研究性实验的递进式教学体系,能够使学生深入理解表型与基因的内在联系、跳跃基因的概念以及转座子在基因功能研究中的重要作用,加深学生对基因概念及遗传规律的认识和理解,提升学生理论知识与实验技能的整合运用能力。

Formamidinium Lead Bromide (FAPbBr_3) Perovskite Microcrystals for Sensitive and Fast Photodetectors

Because of the good thermal stability and superior carrier transport characteristics of formamidinium lead trihalide perovskite HC(NH_2)_2 PbX_3(FAPbX_3), it has been considered to be a better optoelectronic material than conventional CH_3NH_3-PbX_3(MAPbX_3). Herein, we fabricated a FAPbBr_3 microcrystal-based photodetector that exhibited a good responsivity of 4000 A W-1 and external quantum efficiency up to 106% under one-photon excitation, corresponding to the detectivity greater than 1014 Jones. The responsivity is two orders of magnitude higher than that of previously reported formamidinium perovskite photodetectors. Furthermore, the FAPbBr_3 photodetector's responsivity to two-photon absorption with an 800-nm excitation source can reach 0.07 A W^(-1), which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of its MAPbBr_3 counterparts. The response time of this photodetector is less than 1 ms.This study provides solid evidence that FAPbBr_3 can be an excellent candidate for highly sensitive and fast photodetectors.

Single-dose AAV-based vaccine induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious respiratory disease that continues to pose a serious global public health emergency.The disease shows a high infection rate,long incubation period,and rapidly emerging variants,which have led to its rapid spread worldwide(Krammer 2020).Many vaccines have been developed for the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for COVID-19,including vaccines based on messenger RNA(mRNA)(Polack et al.2020),viral vectors(Zhu et al.2020),recombinant proteins(Yang et al.2020),and inactivated SARS-CoV-2(Zhang et al.2021).

Pattern recognition receptors in zebrafish provide functional and evolutionary insight into innate immune signaling pathways

Pattern recognition receptors （PRRs） and their signaling pathways have essential roles in recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering inflammatory responses that eliminate invading microorganisms and damaged cells. The zebrafish relies heavily on these primary defense mechanisms against pathogens. Here, we review the major PRR signaling pathways in the zebrafish innate immune system and compare these signaling pathways in zebrafish and humans to reveal their evolutionary relationship and better understand their innate immune defense mechanisms.

Biomarker Profiling for Lupus Nephritis

Lupus nephritis （LN） is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality of SLE patients. The pathogenesis of LN involves multiple factors, including genetic predisposition, epigenetic regulation and environmental interaction. Over the last decade, omics-based techniques have been extensively utilized for biomarker screening and a wide variety of variations which are associated with SLE and LN have been identified at the levels of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. These studies and discoveries have expanded our understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and are important for identification of potential therapeutic targets for disease prediction and early treat- ment. In this review, we summarize some of the recent studies targeted at the identification of LN-associated biomarkers using genomics and proteomic approaches.

Free radical oxidation reaction for selectively solvatochromic sensors with dynamic sensing ability

A novel BODIPY(boradiazaindacene) dye denoted as BODIPY-DT containing terpyridine unit has been designed and characterized.The dye is found to be selective and visual solvatochromic sensor toward DMF among test organic solvents.The sensing process displays time-controllable,dynamic signal outputs in the emission colors including red,purple,yellow and even white emission colors.It is presented that selective free radical oxidation reaction happens during the recognition process.

Application study on the first cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables in China

In order to push forvcard the development of CFRP cable-stayed bridge and accumulate experiences, the study on the application of the first cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables in China was carried out. The design essentials of main components of the bridge were introduced and its integral performances, including static properties, dynamic properties and seismic response were analyzed using finite element method. A new bond-type anchorage was developed and the processes of fabricating and installing CFRP cables were elaborated. Based on the results of construction simulation, a tension scheme for bridge was propound. During constructing, the stresses and displacement of girder and pylon, as well as the forces and stresses of cables, were tested. The results indicate that all sections of the bridge could meet the requirements of the ultimate bearing capacity and normal service; the performance of the anchorage is good and the stresses in each cable system are similar; the tested values accord well with the calculated values. Further, creep deforma- tion of the resin in anchorages under service load is not obvious. All these results demonstrate that the first application of CFRP cables in the cable-stayed bridge in China is successful.

The pentatricopeptide repeat protein EMB1270 interacts with CFM2 to splice specific group Ⅱ introns in Arabidopsis chloroplasts

Chloroplast biogenesis requires the coordinated expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes.Here, we show that EMB1270, a plastid-localized pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) protein, is required for chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.Knockout of EMB1270 led to embryo arrest,whereas a mild knockdown mutant of EMB1270 displayed a virescent phenotype. Almost no photosynthetic proteins accumulated in the albino emb1270 knockout mutant. By contrast, in the emb1270 knockdown mutant, the levels of ClpP1 and photosystem I(PSI) subunits were significantly reduced, whereas the levels of photosystem II(PSII) subunits were normal. Furthermore, the splicing efficiencies of the clpP1.2,ycf3.1, ndhA, and ndhB plastid introns were dramatically reduced in both emb1270 mutants. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that EMB1270 associated with these introns in vivo. In an RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay(REMSA), a truncated EMB1270 protein containing the 11 Nterminal PPR motifs bound to the predicted sequences of the clpP1.2, ycf3.1, and ndhA introns.In addition, EMB1270 specifically interacted with CRM Family Member 2(CFM2). Given that CFM2 is known to be required for splicing the same plastid RNAs, our results suggest that EMB1270 associates with CFM2 to facilitate the splicing of specific group II introns in Arabidopsis.

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA PLANTATIONS

Large-scale farming by agricultural land transfers has been increasingly promoted in recent years,but the possible impacts on crop production,especially cash crops,and soil acidification remain unclear.This study obtained data for 110 banana plantations in Long’an County,China,and categorized them into small(<0.67 ha),medium(0.67−6.7 ha),and large(>6.7 ha)to determine banana cultivation,nutrient management,and soil acidification rates on farms of the three sizes.Banana yield per unit area significantly increased with increased farm size,and large farms had the highest average yield(48.9 t·ha^(−1))with the least variation.Despite a significant increase in organic fertilizer and base cation inputs,nitrogen(N)surplus did not differ significantly with increasing farm size.With large farms,actual soil acidification rate was significantly lower by 19.1 to 24.0 keq·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1);however,potential soil acidification rate increased with increased overuse of phosphorus.Overall,larger banana plantations used fewer mineral N fertilizers reducing the rate of soil acidification and increasing the H+buffering provided by organic fertilizers.It is concluded that larger farms deliver the dual benefits of higher,less variable banana yield and mitigation of soil acidification by substituting organic N for mineral N fertilizers,supporting sustainable soil management and food production.

Early cancer detection by SERS spectroscopy and machine learning

A new approach for early detection of multiple cancers is presented by integrating SERS spectroscopy of serum molecular fingerprints and machine learning.

Serum IgA,IgM,and IgG responses in COVID-19

Currently,detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs is a standard approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.However,there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2-infected people including those who do not have overt symptoms.Most emerging studies described serological tests based on detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG.1–4 Although detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in serum has been reported in few papers,5,6 analyses of IgA levels in a larger number of COVID-19 patients are still lacking.

Self-healable,Eu^(3+)-based polymeric gels containing terpyridyl groups with tunable luminescence based on ion recognition

Novel luminescent materials that change their emission colors in responding to external stimuli have attracted increasing attentions in the past decades.Herein,we report the preparation of a novel kind of Eu3+-based polymeric organogel with three networks.With dynamic coordination interactions,the organogel shows fast self-healing and adjustable fluorescent emission properties in the presence of different metal ions via coordination interaction competition effect.Dynamic coordination interaction also endows the gel with multiple stimuli-responsive properties such as water,base and acid.The multistimuli responsive fluorochromic organogel demonstrates a new way of preparing optical materials and bio-relevant sensors.

Synthesis, Structural Studies and Reactivity of Two cis-Bis（phosphine）bis（silyl） Palladium（ll） Complexes

Treatment of 1,2-C6H4（SiH3）（SiH3） （1） or 1,2-C6H4（SiMe2H）（SiH3） （2） with Pd（dcpe）（PEt3）2 （dcpe？=？Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2） in the ratio of 1∶1 affords two cis- bis（silyl） palladium（II） complexes {1,2-C6H4（SiH2）（SiH2）}PdII（dcpe） （3） and {1,2- C6H4（SiMe2）（SiH2）}PdII（dcpe） （4） with good thermal stability respectively. To the best of our knowledge, only ten silyl palladium complexes prepared from these two chelating hydrosilane ligands are presented in the Cambridge Structural Database. The structures of complexes 3 and 4 are unambiguously determined by single crystal X-ray analysis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies.

SMALLHOLDER ADOPTION OF GREEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN: EVIDENCE FROM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACKYARDS

Understanding the impact of agricultural socialized services on smallholder adoption of green production technologies and their mechanisms of action is of great importance for sustainability of farming systems.Currently,there were numerous related studies,but it is still unclear how to gradually achieve the diffusion of technological innovations on pilot sites to a regional level.To answer this question,this paper presents the pathways and mechanisms of green production technologies diffusion by comparing international typical service organizations or modes such as agricultural technology extension service centers(ATESC),farmer field schools(FFS),participatory technology innovation(PTI)and integrated colearning approach(ICLA),while taking Wangzhuang Science and Technology Backyard(WZ STB)in Quzhou,Hebei Province,China as an example.This research had three key outcomes.(1)The combination of collaborative,tree-shaped and jump-start diffusion modes promotes the diffusion of participatory technology innovation to different scales,such as farmers,villages and counties.(2)The three diffusion modes combine and expand the advantages of existing international modes.The collaborative diffusion mode not only provides full scope for the advantages of PTI,but also provides smallholders with service supply for the whole production period.The tree-shaped diffusion mode combines the advantages of FFS from point technology innovation to village diffusion,while achieving a full range of technical service support.The jump-start diffusion mode cannot only achieve large-scale technology diffusion like ATESC and ICLA,but also empower smallholders through adaptive technology innovation.(3)Trust is the key to promoting smallholder reliance on the science and technology provided by STB and to promote their adoption of green production technologies.Accordingly,the following policy recommendations were proposed:strengthen the combination of top-down and bottom-up technology innovation and diffusion models,establish an effective service communication platform and evaluation mechanism,and strengthen the linkage mechanism between socialized services providers and smallholders,which will provide a realistic basis for the national policy of targeted socialized services provision and promote smallholder adoption of green production technologies.

神经外科ICU患者医院感染特点及危险因素分析

目的了解神经外科重症监护病房(NICU)的医院感染情况并探讨其危险因素,为医院感染的预防和控制提供理论依据。方法对2020年1月至2021年12月入住NICU的患者进行医院感染目标性监测,统计医院感染率、器械相关感染发病率、病原菌分布等,利用logistic回归分析筛选医院感染的独立危险因素。结果123例患者中有30例发生医院感染,感染率为24.39%;呼吸机相关肺炎、导尿管相关尿路感染、血管导管相关感染的发病率分别为15.74%、6.74%、1.76%;医院感染的病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主;GCS(3~4分)(OR=24.016,P=0.001)、气管切开(OR=5.438,P=0.041)和使用呼吸机>7 d(OR=8.549,P=0.023)是NICU患者发生医院感染的独立危险因素。结论NICU医院感染率较高,尤其是呼吸机相关肺炎及导尿管相关尿路感染,应采取针对性的预防控制措施。