Hierarchical and self-supporting honeycomb LaNi_5 alloy on nickel foam for overall water splitting in alkaline media

Ni-based metallic foams possessing large specific surfaces and open cell structures are of specific interest as catalysts or catalyst carriers for electrolysis of water.Traditional fabrication of Nickel foam limits the element modification choices to several inert transition metals only on polymer foam precursor and subsequent preparation of foam-based catalysts in aqueous solution or organic electrolyte.To expand the modification horizon,molten salt with wide electrochemical window and fast ion diffusion can achieve the reduction of highly active elements.Herein,we reported is a general and facile method to deposit directly of highly reactive element La and prepare hierarchical honeycomb LaNi_(5) alloy on Ni foam(ho-LaNi_(5)/NF).This self-supporting electrode presents excellent electrical coupling and conductivity between the Ni foam and LaNi_(5),which provides a 3D self-supported heterostructure with outstanding electrocatalytic activity and excellent durability for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).It exhibits excellent overpotential(1.86 V)comparable to commercial coupled IrO_(2)//Pt/C(1.85 V)at a high current density of 100 m A cm^(-2).This work may pave the way for fabricating novel 3D self-supported honeycomb alloy that can be applied as electrode for usage of clean energy.

Binding of HIV-1 virions to α_4β_7 expressing cells and impact of antagonizing α_4β_7 on HIV-1 infection of primary CD4^+ T cells

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is reported to interact with α4β7, an integrin mediating the homing of lymphocytes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue, but the significance of α4β7 in HIV-1 infection remains controversial. Here, using HIV-1 strain Ba L, the gp120 of which was previously shown to be capable of interacting with α4β7, we demonstrated that α4β7 can mediate the binding of whole HIV-1 virions to α4β7-expressing transfectants. We further constructed a cell line stably expressing α4β7 and confirmed the α4β7-mediated HIV-1 binding. In primary lymphocytes with activated α4β7 expression, we also observed significant virus binding which can be inhibited by an anti-α4β7 antibody. Moreover, we investigated the impact of antagonizing α4β7 on HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells. In α4β7-activated CD4+ T cells, both anti-α4β7 antibodies and introduction of shorthairpin RNAs specifically targeting α4β7 resulted in a decreased HIV-1 infection. Our findings indicate that α4β7 may serve as an attachment factor at least for some HIV-1 strains. The established approach provides a promising means for the investigation of other viral strains to understand the potential roles of α4β7 in HIV-1 infection.

Electrochemical properties of gadolinium on liquid gallium electrode in LiCl-KCl eutectic

This work presents the electrochemical properties of gadolinium(Gd), a significant rare earth element in spent nuclear fuel(SNF), in the LiCl-KCl eutectic. To explore thermodynamic properties of Gd at the liquid gallium(Ga) electrode, experiments were performed both on the inert tungsten(W) and liquid gallium(Ga) electrode at different temperatures in a range from 723 to 823 K, which show that the Gd metal can be oxidized to Gd(Ⅲ) by exchanging of 3 electrons. Electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry(CV), open circuit potential(OCP), potentiostatic electrolysis and galvanostatic electrolysis were utilized to detect the electrochemical behavior and evaluate standard apparent potential of the Gd(Ⅲ)/Gd couple,and E(Gd(Ⅲ)/Gd)*=-3.456 + 6.2×10-4T(±0.046)( vs Cl2/Cl-) is obtained.In addition, electromotive force(EMF) and coulometric titration were employed to calculate the activity and activity coefficient of Gd in metal Ga. After calculation, the activity is 1.791×10-15at 723 K and function of activity coefficient and temperature is lgγ = 3.485-10927/T(±0.0875).

甲地孕酮对肺癌合并肌肉减少症患者相关细胞因子影响的探讨

目的:检测肺癌合并肌肉减少症患者口服甲地孕酮后骨骼肌质量的增加情况及对IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α细胞因子的水平影响,分析细胞因子表达与肌肉减少症的关系,为此类患者的全程管理、疗效预测及提早筛查提供新思路。方法:分析2023年6月至2024年6月邵阳市中心医院就诊的60例肺癌合并肌肉减少症患者,随机分为试验组30例和对照组30例,记录患者年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)、血糖、血清白蛋白、甘油三酯水平及IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α细胞因子水平,通过干预治疗后探讨4项细胞因子与肌肉减少症的相关性。结果:除IL-1β水平以外,试验组与对照组患者的基线指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4项细胞因子的水平下降程度在服药第10天明显高于第10天至第25天,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过相关性分析得出,不同测量时间点4项细胞因子水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。甲地孕酮干预后SMI值较基线升高11.8%。结论:肺癌合并肌肉减少症患者口服甲地孕酮后,下调了IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α细胞因子的水平,一定程度增加了骨骼肌质量,提示该药可能对改善此类患者的预后和相关临床症状有积极的治疗价值。

氯化物熔盐体系中铀的化学种态研究进展

乏燃料后处理是未来先进核燃料循环体系的中心环节,基于高温熔盐电解的干法后处理技术具有一定优势.该技术通常在高温氯化物熔盐体系中进行,采用电化学技术回收锕系元素,并实现其与镧系元素的电解分离.其中铀的分离回收是研究的重点之一.为更好实现铀在熔盐中的分离与回收,需要深入理解铀的电化学性质与其在熔盐中的配位化学性质的联系.因此,开展铀在氯盐体系中的化学种态研究至关重要.本综述对国际上氯化物熔盐体系中针对铀化学种态的研究进展进行了总结归纳和提炼,并对未来锕系元素在高温熔盐介质中的化学种态研究进行了展望.

Kinetics process of Tb(Ⅲ)/Tb couple at liquid Zn electrode and thermodynamic properties of Tb-Zn alloys formation

Electrochemical properties of rare-earth elements in the LiCl-KCl eutectic are important for the pyrometallurgical recycling process of spent nuclear fuels. In this work, the electrochemical properties of Tb(Ⅲ)/Tb(0) couple were studied by the cyclic voltammetry(CV) at a liquid Zn pool electrode. The results showed that this electrochemical reaction is quasi-reversible with mixed reversible diffusion control and the charge transfer control. The diffusion coefficient of Tb(Ⅲ) was determined to be in the order of ~10.5 cm2 s.1. Moreover, kinetic parameters, such as the standard rate constants(ks) and charge transfer coefficient(α) for the electroreduction of Tb(Ⅲ) to Tb(0) at the liquid Zn electrode, were calculated by the Nicholson method at 873 K. Additionally, it was found that Tb-Zn intermetallic compounds were easily to be formed in the measurements. Hence, the reduction process of Tb(Ⅲ)/Tb(0) couple on the Zn-coated Mo electrode was also studied to obtain more information of the Tb-Zn intermetallic compounds. Electrochemical signals stemming from various intermetallic compounds associated with TbZn12, Tb2Zn17, Tb13Zn58, Tb3Zn11, TbZn3, TbZn2 and TbZn, were observed. The thermodynamic data were thereafter estimated by applying the emf method at 823–923 K. The standard formation Gibbs energies and the standard equilibrium constant of each Tb-Zn intermetallic compounds were also calculated. Finally, enthalpies and entropies of formation and the apparent standard potentials of various Tb-Zn intermetallic compounds were also obtained.

Migrasomes released by HSV-2-infected cells serve as a conveyance for virus spread

Dear Editor,Migrasomes are newly discovered cellular organelles with diameters of 0.5–3μm which have been found to be produced by normal and cancer cells,and distributed in various organs of animals(Ma et al.,2015)and in human sera(Zhao et al.,2019).Migrasomes are present inside the cavities of pulmonary alveoli,blood vessels and lymph capillaries(Zhang et al.,2020),and can be captured by surrounding cells with their cargoes internalized.

DC-SIGN promotes Japanese encephalitis virus transmission from dendritic cells to T cells via virological synapses

Skin-resident dendritic cells(DCs) likely encounter incoming viruses in the first place, and their migration to lymph nodes following virus capture may promote viral replication. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. In the present study, we found that compared to cell-free viruses, DC-bound viruses showed enhanced capture of JEV by T cells.Additionally, JEV infection was increased by co-culturing DCs and T cells. Blocking the C-type lectin receptor DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin(DC-SIGN) with neutralizing antibodies or antagonists blocked JEV transmission to T cells. Live-cell imaging revealed that DCs captured and transferred JEV viral particles to T cells via virological synapses formed at DC-T cell junctions. These findings indicate that DC-SIGN plays an important role in JEV transmission from DCs to T cells and provide insight into how JEV exploits the migratory and antigen-presenting capabilities of DCs to gain access to lymph nodes for dissemination and persistence in the host.

Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against lipopolysaccharide injury in hepatocytes of neonatal mice

The present study provides supportive evid-ence for the effective prevention and treatment of lipopo-lysaccharide(LPS)-induced hepatocyte injury in neonatal mice by N-acetylcysteine(NAC).Hepatocytes of neonatal mice were obtained through collagenase digestion of the liver.The hepatocytes were treated either with LPS(10 mg/mL)alone or with NAC(5 mmol/L)for 1 h before the addition of LPS(10 mg/mL).After LPS treatment,12 wells of the cultured hepatocytes and supernatants were harvested at 0,6,and 12 h,respectively.Levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and nitric oxide(NO)in the supernatant were biochemically quantified and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was performed to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)mRNA after different treatments.At 0 h following the treatment of primary cultured hepa-tocytes with LPS,the levels of ALT,NO and iNOS mRNA in the supernatant were(21.1±4.78)u/L,(1.6±0.31)mmol/L and 0.17±0.023,respectively;at 6 h,(59.8±8.59)u/L,(6.6±0.81)mmol/L,and 0.71±0.091;and at 12 h,(89.6±15.30)u/L,(7.8±1.01)mmol/L,and 0.71±0.097.The levels of ALT,NO and iNOS mRNA at 6 and 12 h increased significantly,compared to those at 0 h(P<0.01).In contrast to LPS treatment alone,pre-treatment with NAC before LPS addition significantly reduced the levels of ALT,NO and iNOS mRNA in the supernatant at 6 h to(40.8±7.30)u/L,(3.2±0.71)mmol/L,and 0.41±0.060;and at 12 h to(55.4±5.48)u/L,(4.0±0.71)mmol/L,and 0.40¡0.067,respectively(P<0.01).However,the levels of ALT,NO and iNOS mRNA at 0 h did not change significantly with both treat-ment approaches.NAC has protective effects in hepato-cytes of neonatal mice against LPS-induced injury as shown by the reduced levels of ALT,NO and iNOS mRNA when primary hepatocytes were treated with NAC prior to LPS stimulation.We postulate that NAC exhibits its protective function by inhibiting LPS-induced transcription of iNOS,resulting in decreased levels of NO.