It is very important to understand why a small amount of alkali metal doping in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency.In this work,Na-doped CZTSSe is prepared by a simple soluti...It is very important to understand why a small amount of alkali metal doping in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency.In this work,Na-doped CZTSSe is prepared by a simple solution method,and then the effects on the surface properties of the absorber layer,the buffer layer growth,and the modifications of the solar cell performance induced by the Na doping are studied.The surface of the absorber layer is more Cu-depletion and less roughness due to the Na doping.In addition,the contact angle of the surface increases because of Na doping.As a consequence,the thickness of the CdS buffer layer is significantly reduced and the optical losses in the CdS buffer layer are decreased.The difference of quasi-Fermi levels(EFn-EFp) increases with a small amount of Na doping in the CZTSSe solar cell,so that open circuit voltage(VOC) increased significantly.This work offers new insights into the effects of Na doping on CZTSSe via a solution-based approach and provides a deeper understanding of the origin of the efficiency improvement of Na-doped CZTSSe thin film solar cells.展开更多
Alkali metal doping or sulfurization are commonly applied in Cu_(2)ZnSnSe_(4) (CZTSe) solar cell to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC). However, alkali metal sulfide affording both alkali metal and sulfur is seldo...Alkali metal doping or sulfurization are commonly applied in Cu_(2)ZnSnSe_(4) (CZTSe) solar cell to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC). However, alkali metal sulfide affording both alkali metal and sulfur is seldom to be studied, which restrains the development of kesterite solar cells. In this study, we evaporate Li_(2)S during selenization process and hope to provide both alkali metal and sulfur to CZTSe film. The result indicates that Li shows a gradient distribution near the surface of CZTSe film and the content of S is slight. The film quality is improved and the recombination at grain boundaries is decreased after Li_(2)S treatment. Besides, the bandgap of the absorber gets wider. Under the synergy of sulfur and lithium (mainly from lithium), the work function of the treated absorber gets higher and the conduction band offset (CBO) is in the ideal range. Combined with these contributions, the V_(OC) of the champion device treated by Li_(2)S dramatically increase by 120 mV. This study discloses that alkali metal brings the main effect on the performance of the kesterite solar cell even an alkali metal sulfide is evaporated, which deepens the understanding of sulfurization of CZTSe and also promote the progress of kesterite solar cells.展开更多
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complex heart disease affecting the heart musculature and vasculature, involving one or several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Identifying potential biomarkers for dilated ...Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complex heart disease affecting the heart musculature and vasculature, involving one or several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Identifying potential biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy is a challenge owing to various aetiologies involved. Studying the biomarkers involved in DCM will ultimately give a better insight about which pathophysiological pathways are involved in the onset of the disease. Owing to its multifactorial aetiologies, response to treatment is usually poor. If we can find the exact underlying causes, a better treatment approach could be implemented. One way to obtain better insight of DCM is to study the biomarkers released. Through biomarkers, we can know which underlying mechanisms are involved. Biomarkers can provide us with clinical information such as diagnostic, prognostic, risk stratification as well as response to treatment. Underlying mechanisms such as inflammation, stress/strain, myocyte injury, matrix remodelling, oxidative stress, neurohormones involvement, among others, can contribute to the onset of DCM. Different mechanisms will yield different biomarkers. So it would be wise to classify those biomarkers involving in DCM based on their respective pathogenesis. Moreover, most importantly is to be able to make use of the information that biomarker pertains. However, specificity of those biomarkers poses a problem. One way of making these biomarkers clinically useful is to make use of a biomarker modelling score system.展开更多
Since its discovery, myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) has become a protein of interest clinically. With emergence of new methodologies and technologies, the structure and functions of cMyBP-C from different aspects ...Since its discovery, myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) has become a protein of interest clinically. With emergence of new methodologies and technologies, the structure and functions of cMyBP-C from different aspects can be studied, enabling us to better understand its involvement in certain cardiac conditions. Studying its kinetics of release and clearance from the circulation and by comparing to other conventional biomarkers, it has been reported that cMyBP-C is eligible to be a novel biomarker for several cardiac conditions. Moreover, studying the genetics and their involvement in pathogenic mechanisms has opened the ideas for potential therapeutic strategies. More and more researches are constantly being done to better understand the role of cMyBP-C in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The importance of cMyBP-C to the heart is still actively being investigated. Its presence is however crucial for sarcomere organization and proper regulation of cardiac contraction during systole and complete relaxation during diastole. Genetic mutation in cMyBP-C has been linked to cardiac conditions including hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Around 350 types of mutations have already been documented leading to various cardiac conditions and abnormalities. Analyzing human heart samples has enabled us to better understand the importance of cMyBP-C and how its mutations lead to inherited cardiomyopathies. It is therefore necessary to have an update about the research progress of cMyBP-C in relation to DCM and other cardiac conditions.展开更多
To investigatetheinfluences of the application of human care theory on the life quality and happiness of cancer patients after they receiveda community nursing care which was implemented by the human care theory. The ...To investigatetheinfluences of the application of human care theory on the life quality and happiness of cancer patients after they receiveda community nursing care which was implemented by the human care theory. The quality life and the happiness index of 93 patients with cancer living in the six communities in Jillin were assessed, the assessment of the life quality was based on a life quality scale (SF-36) and that of the happiness index was based on Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). The community nurses cared for these patients by applying the theory of human care and the life quality and the happiness index of the patients were observed after the care. The results showed that there were significant differences in the score of 5 dimensions in the eight dimensions of the life quality between before the care and after the care (<0.05), and there were significant differences in the average sores of the positive emotion, positive experience, negative emotion, negative experience and level of happiness included in the happiness index between before the care and after the care (<0.05), suggesting that the theory of human care can be used for the care of patients with cancer and the application of the theory can effectively improve the life quality and the happiness index of the patients, strengthen their problem-solving abilities and let them have a positive attitude towards their lives.展开更多
Vitamin C-based cluster therapy,which involves the combined application of hydrocortisone,vitamin C,and thiamine(HAT),is a recently proposed new treatment option for sepsis on top of conventional treatment.This therap...Vitamin C-based cluster therapy,which involves the combined application of hydrocortisone,vitamin C,and thiamine(HAT),is a recently proposed new treatment option for sepsis on top of conventional treatment.This therapy has a strong theoretical basis,but its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive.This review summarizes the rationale for HAT therapy for sepsis and describes the evaluation of its efficacy in clinical observational studies and randomized controlled trials,with the aim of providing a reference for the future clinical practice application of HAT therapy in sepsis.展开更多
Electric field is a powerful instrument in nanoscale engineering,providing wide functionalities for control in various optical and solid-state nanodevices.The development of a single optically resonant nanostructure o...Electric field is a powerful instrument in nanoscale engineering,providing wide functionalities for control in various optical and solid-state nanodevices.The development of a single optically resonant nanostructure operating with a charge-induced electrical field is challenging,but it could be extremely useful for novel nanophotonic horizons.Here,we show a resonant metal-semiconductor nanostructure with a static electric field created at the interface between its components by charge carriers generated via femtosecond laser irradiation.We study this field experimentally,probing it by second-harmonic generation signal,which,in our system,is time-dependent and has a non-quadratic signal/excitation power dependence.The developed numerical models reveal the influence of the optically induced static electric field on the second harmonic generation signal.We also show how metal work function and silicon surface defect density for different charge carrier concentrations affect the formation of this field.We estimate the value of optically-generated static electric field in this nanoantenna to achieve≈10^(8)V/m.These findings pave the way for the creation of nanoantenna-based optical memory,programmable logic and neuromorphic devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB1503500,2018YFB1500200,2018YEE0203400)the Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902218,11774187)the 111 project(B16027)。
文摘It is very important to understand why a small amount of alkali metal doping in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency.In this work,Na-doped CZTSSe is prepared by a simple solution method,and then the effects on the surface properties of the absorber layer,the buffer layer growth,and the modifications of the solar cell performance induced by the Na doping are studied.The surface of the absorber layer is more Cu-depletion and less roughness due to the Na doping.In addition,the contact angle of the surface increases because of Na doping.As a consequence,the thickness of the CdS buffer layer is significantly reduced and the optical losses in the CdS buffer layer are decreased.The difference of quasi-Fermi levels(EFn-EFp) increases with a small amount of Na doping in the CZTSSe solar cell,so that open circuit voltage(VOC) increased significantly.This work offers new insights into the effects of Na doping on CZTSSe via a solution-based approach and provides a deeper understanding of the origin of the efficiency improvement of Na-doped CZTSSe thin film solar cells.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1500200,2019YFB1503500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902218,11774187)the 111 Project(B16027).
文摘Alkali metal doping or sulfurization are commonly applied in Cu_(2)ZnSnSe_(4) (CZTSe) solar cell to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC). However, alkali metal sulfide affording both alkali metal and sulfur is seldom to be studied, which restrains the development of kesterite solar cells. In this study, we evaporate Li_(2)S during selenization process and hope to provide both alkali metal and sulfur to CZTSe film. The result indicates that Li shows a gradient distribution near the surface of CZTSe film and the content of S is slight. The film quality is improved and the recombination at grain boundaries is decreased after Li_(2)S treatment. Besides, the bandgap of the absorber gets wider. Under the synergy of sulfur and lithium (mainly from lithium), the work function of the treated absorber gets higher and the conduction band offset (CBO) is in the ideal range. Combined with these contributions, the V_(OC) of the champion device treated by Li_(2)S dramatically increase by 120 mV. This study discloses that alkali metal brings the main effect on the performance of the kesterite solar cell even an alkali metal sulfide is evaporated, which deepens the understanding of sulfurization of CZTSe and also promote the progress of kesterite solar cells.
文摘Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complex heart disease affecting the heart musculature and vasculature, involving one or several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Identifying potential biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy is a challenge owing to various aetiologies involved. Studying the biomarkers involved in DCM will ultimately give a better insight about which pathophysiological pathways are involved in the onset of the disease. Owing to its multifactorial aetiologies, response to treatment is usually poor. If we can find the exact underlying causes, a better treatment approach could be implemented. One way to obtain better insight of DCM is to study the biomarkers released. Through biomarkers, we can know which underlying mechanisms are involved. Biomarkers can provide us with clinical information such as diagnostic, prognostic, risk stratification as well as response to treatment. Underlying mechanisms such as inflammation, stress/strain, myocyte injury, matrix remodelling, oxidative stress, neurohormones involvement, among others, can contribute to the onset of DCM. Different mechanisms will yield different biomarkers. So it would be wise to classify those biomarkers involving in DCM based on their respective pathogenesis. Moreover, most importantly is to be able to make use of the information that biomarker pertains. However, specificity of those biomarkers poses a problem. One way of making these biomarkers clinically useful is to make use of a biomarker modelling score system.
文摘Since its discovery, myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) has become a protein of interest clinically. With emergence of new methodologies and technologies, the structure and functions of cMyBP-C from different aspects can be studied, enabling us to better understand its involvement in certain cardiac conditions. Studying its kinetics of release and clearance from the circulation and by comparing to other conventional biomarkers, it has been reported that cMyBP-C is eligible to be a novel biomarker for several cardiac conditions. Moreover, studying the genetics and their involvement in pathogenic mechanisms has opened the ideas for potential therapeutic strategies. More and more researches are constantly being done to better understand the role of cMyBP-C in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The importance of cMyBP-C to the heart is still actively being investigated. Its presence is however crucial for sarcomere organization and proper regulation of cardiac contraction during systole and complete relaxation during diastole. Genetic mutation in cMyBP-C has been linked to cardiac conditions including hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Around 350 types of mutations have already been documented leading to various cardiac conditions and abnormalities. Analyzing human heart samples has enabled us to better understand the importance of cMyBP-C and how its mutations lead to inherited cardiomyopathies. It is therefore necessary to have an update about the research progress of cMyBP-C in relation to DCM and other cardiac conditions.
文摘To investigatetheinfluences of the application of human care theory on the life quality and happiness of cancer patients after they receiveda community nursing care which was implemented by the human care theory. The quality life and the happiness index of 93 patients with cancer living in the six communities in Jillin were assessed, the assessment of the life quality was based on a life quality scale (SF-36) and that of the happiness index was based on Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). The community nurses cared for these patients by applying the theory of human care and the life quality and the happiness index of the patients were observed after the care. The results showed that there were significant differences in the score of 5 dimensions in the eight dimensions of the life quality between before the care and after the care (<0.05), and there were significant differences in the average sores of the positive emotion, positive experience, negative emotion, negative experience and level of happiness included in the happiness index between before the care and after the care (<0.05), suggesting that the theory of human care can be used for the care of patients with cancer and the application of the theory can effectively improve the life quality and the happiness index of the patients, strengthen their problem-solving abilities and let them have a positive attitude towards their lives.
基金supported by the United Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number:U2004110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number:82172129)+3 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development funds (grant number:Z20221343037)the Medical Science and Technology Tackling Plan Provincial and Ministerial Major Projects of Henan Province (grant number:SBGJ202101015)the special fund for young and middle-aged medical research of China International Medical Exchange Foundation (grant number:Z-2018-35)the integrated thinking research fund of China International Medical Exchange Foundation (grant number:Z-2016-23-2001).
文摘Vitamin C-based cluster therapy,which involves the combined application of hydrocortisone,vitamin C,and thiamine(HAT),is a recently proposed new treatment option for sepsis on top of conventional treatment.This therapy has a strong theoretical basis,but its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive.This review summarizes the rationale for HAT therapy for sepsis and describes the evaluation of its efficacy in clinical observational studies and randomized controlled trials,with the aim of providing a reference for the future clinical practice application of HAT therapy in sepsis.
基金This research was supported by Priority 2030 Federal Academic Leadership Program,the lithography fabrication of the hybrid nanostructures,studies of linear and nonlinear optical properties were supported by the Russian Science Foundation(Project No.22-72-10035,https://rscf.ru/project/22-72-10035/)the studies of the metal-semiconductor interface of the nanoantenna were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Project No.075‐15‐2021‐592).
文摘Electric field is a powerful instrument in nanoscale engineering,providing wide functionalities for control in various optical and solid-state nanodevices.The development of a single optically resonant nanostructure operating with a charge-induced electrical field is challenging,but it could be extremely useful for novel nanophotonic horizons.Here,we show a resonant metal-semiconductor nanostructure with a static electric field created at the interface between its components by charge carriers generated via femtosecond laser irradiation.We study this field experimentally,probing it by second-harmonic generation signal,which,in our system,is time-dependent and has a non-quadratic signal/excitation power dependence.The developed numerical models reveal the influence of the optically induced static electric field on the second harmonic generation signal.We also show how metal work function and silicon surface defect density for different charge carrier concentrations affect the formation of this field.We estimate the value of optically-generated static electric field in this nanoantenna to achieve≈10^(8)V/m.These findings pave the way for the creation of nanoantenna-based optical memory,programmable logic and neuromorphic devices.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB1503500,2018YFE0203400 and2018YFB1500200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902218 and 11774187)the 111 Project(B16027)。
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0208501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51803217,51773206,91963212,and 51961145102(BRICS Project))+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2020032)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS-CXXM-202005)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(19-52-80036(BRICS Project))K.C.Wong Education Foundation。