Ancient DNA(aDNA)techniques have rapidly evolved in the past decade,including the introduction of next-generation sequencing(NGS)techniques,the modification and optimization of various protocols to extract highly degr...Ancient DNA(aDNA)techniques have rapidly evolved in the past decade,including the introduction of next-generation sequencing(NGS)techniques,the modification and optimization of various protocols to extract highly degraded DNA,and the incorporation of these molecules into sequencing libraries[1].Two major milestones are the application of single-stranded DNA library construction protocol and the automation of lab work using liquid handling robots[1].展开更多
本文从结构转型和金融危机两个方面解释中国劳动收入占国民收入份额的U形变化趋势。在Mao and Yao(2012)构建的三部门动态一般均衡模型的基础上,本文推导出第二产业就业人数占比的倒U形变化会导致GDP中劳动收入份额的U形变化规律。数值...本文从结构转型和金融危机两个方面解释中国劳动收入占国民收入份额的U形变化趋势。在Mao and Yao(2012)构建的三部门动态一般均衡模型的基础上,本文推导出第二产业就业人数占比的倒U形变化会导致GDP中劳动收入份额的U形变化规律。数值研究显示,在不考虑2008年金融危机冲击的情况下,中国第二产业就业人数占比的转折点将发生在2020年,而劳动收入份额的转折点将推迟到2030年。当考虑2008年全球金融危机对各产业TFP增长率的影响时,分段拟合的劳动收入份额则与实际数据高度吻合。展开更多
Southern East Asia,including Guangxi and Fujian provinces in China,is home to diverse ethnic groups,languages,and cultures.Previous studies suggest a high complexity regarding population dynamics and the history of so...Southern East Asia,including Guangxi and Fujian provinces in China,is home to diverse ethnic groups,languages,and cultures.Previous studies suggest a high complexity regarding population dynamics and the history of southern East Asians.However,large-scale genetic studies on ancient populations in this region are hindered by limited sample preservation.Here,using highly efficient DNA capture techniques,we obtain 48 complete mitochondrial genomes of individuals from Guangxi and Fujian in China and reconstruct their maternal genetic history over the past 12,000 years.We find a strong connection between southern East Asians dating to~12,000-6000 years ago and present-day Southeast Asians.In addition,stronger genetic affinities to northern East Asians are observed in historical southern East Asians than Neolithic southern East Asians,suggesting increased interactions between northern and southern East Asians over time.Overall,we reveal dynamic connections between ancient southern East Asians and populations located in surrounding regions,as well as a shift in maternal genetic structure within the populations over time.展开更多
Obesity is an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes(T2D),which has become an important factor threatening human health.However,no perfect drug choice for obesity exists.Semaglutide is a kind of human glucagon-like ...Obesity is an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes(T2D),which has become an important factor threatening human health.However,no perfect drug choice for obesity exists.Semaglutide is a kind of human glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)analog that promotes insulin secretion while inhibiting glucagon secretion through a glucose concentration-dependent mechanism.GLP-1 can also delay stomach emptying and suppress appetite to help lose weight.This review summarizes clinical evidence of the semaglutide effect on T2D and obesity and establishes expectations on future clinical trials for obesity treatment.展开更多
1 Background The offshore wind resources of China are widely distributed and have large regional differences.The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas,which account for 60%of the developable sea area,have an annual average w...1 Background The offshore wind resources of China are widely distributed and have large regional differences.The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas,which account for 60%of the developable sea area,have an annual average wind speed of less than 7.5 m/s(Xu et al.,2013).According to the current level of offshore wind power transportation,construction,and operation and maintenance,the profit balance point of 5.0 MW offshore wind turbines is 3000 h/year(Zheng,2017).However,in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas,even if the world’s best offshore wind turbines at that time are used,their full power generation hours can only reach approximately 2900 h/year.This phenomenon is on the verge of profitability or loss,resulting in a large number of sea areas,especially the Bohai Sea area,with no development value.Therefore,developing offshore wind turbines with strong power generation capacity and low cost,which is suitable for the sea areas in China,is urgently needed.Thus,the H1715.0 MW offshore wind turbine project is introduced.展开更多
Recently, engineered minichromosomes have been produced using a telomere-mediated truncation technique in some plants. However, the study on transferring genes to minichromosomes is very limited.Here, telomere-mediate...Recently, engineered minichromosomes have been produced using a telomere-mediated truncation technique in some plants. However, the study on transferring genes to minichromosomes is very limited.Here, telomere-mediated truncation was successfully performed in common wheat（Triticum aestivum）to generate stable truncated chromosomes accompanied by a relatively high frequency of chromosomal rearrangements. After the cross between transgenic parents, a promoter-less DsRed gene in a chromosome from one parent was transferred to another chromosome from the other parent at the site behind a maize ubiquitin promoter via the Cre/lox system. DsRed transcripts and red fluorescent proteins were detected in the recombinant plants. In one such seedling, transgenic signals were detected at the centric terminus of chromosome 4D and the distal terminus of chromosome 3A. Clear translocations could be detected at the transgenic loci of these two chromosomes. Intriguingly, signals of centric-specific sequences were co-localized with the translocated D-group chromosomal segment in the terminal region of chromosome 3A. Our results indicate that the Cre/lox system induces the gene swapping to the target chromosome and non-homologous chromosomal recombination simultaneously. These approaches could offer a platform to transfer large DNA fragments or even terminal chromosomal segments to other chromosomes of the natural genome.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(YSBR-019 and XDB26000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009 and T2192950)+4 种基金the Tencent Foundation(through the XPLORER PRIZE)the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(55008731)the Feng Foundation of Biomedical Researchthe Shanghai Qi Zhi Institutesupported by Special research assistants funded project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Ancient DNA(aDNA)techniques have rapidly evolved in the past decade,including the introduction of next-generation sequencing(NGS)techniques,the modification and optimization of various protocols to extract highly degraded DNA,and the incorporation of these molecules into sequencing libraries[1].Two major milestones are the application of single-stranded DNA library construction protocol and the automation of lab work using liquid handling robots[1].
文摘本文从结构转型和金融危机两个方面解释中国劳动收入占国民收入份额的U形变化趋势。在Mao and Yao(2012)构建的三部门动态一般均衡模型的基础上,本文推导出第二产业就业人数占比的倒U形变化会导致GDP中劳动收入份额的U形变化规律。数值研究显示,在不考虑2008年金融危机冲击的情况下,中国第二产业就业人数占比的转折点将发生在2020年,而劳动收入份额的转折点将推迟到2030年。当考虑2008年全球金融危机对各产业TFP增长率的影响时,分段拟合的劳动收入份额则与实际数据高度吻合。
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,XDB26000000,YSBR-019,XDA1905010,QYZDB-SSW-DQC003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009,41630102,41672021)+2 种基金“Research on the roots of Chinese civilization”of Zhengzhou University(XKZDJC202006)Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZEthe Howard Hughes Medical Institute(55008731).
文摘Southern East Asia,including Guangxi and Fujian provinces in China,is home to diverse ethnic groups,languages,and cultures.Previous studies suggest a high complexity regarding population dynamics and the history of southern East Asians.However,large-scale genetic studies on ancient populations in this region are hindered by limited sample preservation.Here,using highly efficient DNA capture techniques,we obtain 48 complete mitochondrial genomes of individuals from Guangxi and Fujian in China and reconstruct their maternal genetic history over the past 12,000 years.We find a strong connection between southern East Asians dating to~12,000-6000 years ago and present-day Southeast Asians.In addition,stronger genetic affinities to northern East Asians are observed in historical southern East Asians than Neolithic southern East Asians,suggesting increased interactions between northern and southern East Asians over time.Overall,we reveal dynamic connections between ancient southern East Asians and populations located in surrounding regions,as well as a shift in maternal genetic structure within the populations over time.
文摘Obesity is an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes(T2D),which has become an important factor threatening human health.However,no perfect drug choice for obesity exists.Semaglutide is a kind of human glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)analog that promotes insulin secretion while inhibiting glucagon secretion through a glucose concentration-dependent mechanism.GLP-1 can also delay stomach emptying and suppress appetite to help lose weight.This review summarizes clinical evidence of the semaglutide effect on T2D and obesity and establishes expectations on future clinical trials for obesity treatment.
文摘1 Background The offshore wind resources of China are widely distributed and have large regional differences.The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas,which account for 60%of the developable sea area,have an annual average wind speed of less than 7.5 m/s(Xu et al.,2013).According to the current level of offshore wind power transportation,construction,and operation and maintenance,the profit balance point of 5.0 MW offshore wind turbines is 3000 h/year(Zheng,2017).However,in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas,even if the world’s best offshore wind turbines at that time are used,their full power generation hours can only reach approximately 2900 h/year.This phenomenon is on the verge of profitability or loss,resulting in a large number of sea areas,especially the Bohai Sea area,with no development value.Therefore,developing offshore wind turbines with strong power generation capacity and low cost,which is suitable for the sea areas in China,is urgently needed.Thus,the H1715.0 MW offshore wind turbine project is introduced.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0102003)the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)Project(2016ZX08010002 and 2014ZX0801006B)
文摘Recently, engineered minichromosomes have been produced using a telomere-mediated truncation technique in some plants. However, the study on transferring genes to minichromosomes is very limited.Here, telomere-mediated truncation was successfully performed in common wheat（Triticum aestivum）to generate stable truncated chromosomes accompanied by a relatively high frequency of chromosomal rearrangements. After the cross between transgenic parents, a promoter-less DsRed gene in a chromosome from one parent was transferred to another chromosome from the other parent at the site behind a maize ubiquitin promoter via the Cre/lox system. DsRed transcripts and red fluorescent proteins were detected in the recombinant plants. In one such seedling, transgenic signals were detected at the centric terminus of chromosome 4D and the distal terminus of chromosome 3A. Clear translocations could be detected at the transgenic loci of these two chromosomes. Intriguingly, signals of centric-specific sequences were co-localized with the translocated D-group chromosomal segment in the terminal region of chromosome 3A. Our results indicate that the Cre/lox system induces the gene swapping to the target chromosome and non-homologous chromosomal recombination simultaneously. These approaches could offer a platform to transfer large DNA fragments or even terminal chromosomal segments to other chromosomes of the natural genome.
