尾矿库安全生产风险防范研究

为了积极防控尾矿库安全生产风险,消除事故隐患,遏制各类尾矿库生产安全事故的发生,针对全国大多数尾矿库存在的固有风险、环境风险、管理风险、源头风险、技术风险,以及企业和监管层面存在的安全投入不足、从业人员素质不高、安全管理水平不高、监管队伍力量薄弱、激励机制不健全、专业水平不高等主要问题,进行了尾矿库安全生产风险防范研究,提出了强化源头管理、过程管控、教育培训、长效机制建设、标准化建设、政策支持、队伍建设及风险研判等管控措施,以助力解决尾矿库运行中的安全管理基础薄弱问题,切实有效防范化解尾矿库重大安全风险,保障人民群众生命财产安全。

Unusual softening behavior of yield strength in niobium at high pressures

In situ synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments on niobium powders have been conducted at pressures up to 61 GPa and room temperature using the diamond anvil cell technique. From the full width at half maximum of the measured diffraction lines, the yield strength was derived with the line-width analysis theory. The niobium powder sample was found to be compressed more packed firstly and then yielded at~14 GPa–18 GPa. Following an initial increase in the yield strength with pressure, an obvious decrease was observed occurring at ~42 GPa–47 GPa accompanying with a typical pressure dependence above 47 GPa. The experimentally observed anomalous softening of the yield strength in niobium surprisingly follows the trend of the predicted unusual softening in the shear modulus by the recent theoretical investigations. The possible mechanisms, applicable to interpret the yield strength softening of materials at high pressure,were also discussed in detail.

OsATL32 ubiquitinates the reactive oxygen species-producing OsRac5-OsRbohB module to suppress rice immunity

Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity,with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process.Here,we report the functions of OsATL32,a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura(ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase,in rice(Oryza sativa)immunity and its associated regulatory network.We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M.oryzae strain or to chitin treatment.OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases,as well as chitin-triggered immunity.Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5–OsRbohB module,which enhances rice immunity against M.oryzae.The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation,preventing its negative effect on rice immunity.This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.

CO2脱涩对磨盘柿品质的调控

在常温(20±1)℃条件下,研究CO2(80%~90%)处理对磨盘柿感官、营养、生理指标的影响,探讨常温下CO2脱涩处理对磨盘柿品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,CO2处理可显著降低贮藏期间磨盘柿的可溶性单宁含量,同时促进果实果皮强度、L*值、VC、总酚和可溶性固形物含量的降低,加快果实呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率的升高,提高果实相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量的上升速率。主成分分析(PCA)显示,CO2处理方式与呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率的相关性较高。通过SUS-plot图和VIP值具体分析可得磨盘柿两种处理的差异指标为果皮强度、呼吸强度和VC。说明CO2脱涩虽达到较好较快的脱涩效果,却加速了果实的品质降低,引起磨盘柿软化现象发生。

精准温度处理对鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的影响

为了明确精准温度处理对防褐变剂处理后鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的调控作用,采用防褐变剂(质量分数1.0%无水柠檬酸+0.1%抗坏血酸钙+0.2%L-天门冬氨酸)处理鲜切莲藕,在相温(-0.5±0.1)℃、冰温(-0.5±0.3)℃和冷藏(4±1)℃的条件下贮藏,研究不同精准温度对鲜切莲藕表观色泽、褐变底物与相关酶活性、生理指标和营养品质的影响。结果表明,贮藏6 d时,精准温度(相温、冰温)处理可以延缓L*的降低、a*和褐变度的增加,抑制总酚的下降和褐变相关酶多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,其中相温贮藏维持鲜切莲藕原有色泽最佳。在贮藏过程中,精准温度(相温、冰温)处理能够抑制鲜切莲藕呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率、相对电导率和丙二醛含量上升,同时延缓鲜切莲藕还原糖的升高和VC含量的下降。通过SPSS综合评分显示,相温组综合得分最高,主成分分析显示,相温组与多酚氧化酶、相对电导率、褐变度、丙二醛、a*的相关性较低。因此,相温贮藏更好地延缓鲜切莲藕贮藏期间褐变的发生并维持其品质。

鲜切莲藕防褐变剂配方优化及保鲜效果研究

为了得到鲜切莲藕最佳的复合防褐变剂配方,以柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸质量分数为因素,褐变度为响应值,通过响应面优化鲜切莲藕复合防褐变剂配方,在此基础上将处理后的鲜切莲藕置于冰箱中冷藏,研究优化防褐变剂对鲜切莲藕品质的影响。结果表明,各因素对响应值的显著性表现为:无水柠檬酸>抗坏血酸钙>L-天门冬氨酸,最佳防褐变剂配方为:1.0%无水柠檬酸+0.1%抗坏血酸钙+0.2%L-天门冬氨酸。与对照相比,优化防褐变剂处理可显著减少维生素C的损失并延缓还原糖的生成,抑制鲜切莲藕褐变,抑制呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率,对莲藕相对电导率和丙二醛含量也具有较好的抑制效果,抑制褐变底物总酚含量的消耗和褐变相关酶活性上升。因此,优化防褐变剂(1.0%无水柠檬酸+0.1%抗坏血酸钙+0.2%L-天门冬氨酸)结合冷藏可较好地延缓褐变发生,延长贮藏时间达4 d。

柿果实采后保鲜技术研究进展

目的综述保鲜技术在柿果实保鲜领域的应用进展,通过对各种保鲜技术保鲜效果的探讨,为我国柿果实采后保鲜的研究提供参考,并对我国柿果实采后保鲜贮藏的进一步研究进行展望。方法介绍柿果实特性、采后生理状况、软化机制,以及物理保鲜、化学保鲜、生物保鲜在柿果实保鲜领域的应用。结果保鲜技术在柿果实保鲜领域具有很好的应用前景,不仅能延长贮藏时间,达到较好的保鲜效果,而且保持了柿果实较好品质。不过在成本、残留以及推广方面仍存在一些缺陷,有待进一步优化。结论保鲜技术在采后的柿果实保鲜方面发挥着极其重要的作用。

外源水杨酸对低温胁迫玉米种子萌发特性的影响

为玉米生产上低温播种提供理论依据,以郑单958玉米品种为试验材料,以清水浸种为对照(CK),研究低浓度、中浓度、较高浓度和高浓度水杨酸(SA)溶液(0.35mmol/L,0.70mmol/L,1.05mmol/L,1.40mmol/L)处理对低温胁迫下玉米种子萌发特性的影响。结果表明:低温(10℃/6.5℃)条件下,低浓度(0.35mmol/L)SA处理对玉米种子的萌发未见明显的促进作用;中浓度(0.70mmol/L)水杨酸处理可有效提高玉米种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,对玉米的低温伤害具有明显的缓解作用;较高和高浓度水杨酸处理可对玉米种子的萌发产生不同程度的抑制作用。有效提高玉米对低温忍耐力的SA适宜浓度为0.70mmol/L,可促使种子在低温条件下早生快发。

微环境气体调控对磨盘柿冰温贮藏期品质的影响

为了探讨冰温下微环境气体调控(micro-environment modified atmosphere package+1-methylcyclopropene,mMAP+1-MCP)对磨盘柿贮藏品质的影响,采用对照、微环境自发气调(micro-environment modified atmosphere package,mMAP)、1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcycloprpoenc,1-MCP)、微环境气体调控4种方式,在冰温(-0.5±0.3)℃下贮藏磨盘柿,研究不同处理对磨盘柿感官指标、营养品质、生理指标的影响。研究发现,与对照和其他2种处理相比,mMAP+1-MCP处理可较好地维持果实原有色泽,减缓果皮强度的下降、延缓果实贮藏期间V c、总酚、可溶性单宁含量的降低,减缓箱体O 2消耗,降低果实呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率,抑制果实相对电导率、丙二醛含量以及箱体内CO 2上升。mMAP+1-MCP处理组综合得分最高,果实品质最优。mMAP+1-MCP处理方式与丙二醛含量、相对电导率的相关性较低,说明mMAP+1-MCP处理可较好地维持果实的膜透性。磨盘柿mMAP+1-MCP处理与其他3组的差异指标为V c、呼吸强度和相对电导率。mMAP+1-MCP结合冰温贮藏可较好地维持磨盘柿品质,减少营养物质的损失。

生物炭对马铃薯生长发育和土壤环境影响的研究进展

我国已经成为马铃薯生产第一大国,与玉米、水稻相比,马铃薯具有较强的耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄等特点。从南到北、从高海拔到低海拔、从春到冬一年四季均有种植,特别是南方地区开发冬闲田发展马铃薯种植具有较大的空间。我国有十分丰富的生物炭资源,农业产生的大量动植物废料、生活垃圾等都是生物炭的广泛来源。为探明生物炭在马铃薯种植方面的应用状况,根据国内外的研究成果,就生物炭的施用对马铃薯的生长发育、产量形成和对土壤环境等方面的研究进展做了概述。

果蔬微波联合干燥技术研究进展

目的通过对微波和微波联合干燥技术干燥效果的探讨,以期为我国果蔬采后加工贮藏的研究提供理论参考。方法介绍果蔬微波干燥以及果蔬微波联合干燥的原理、特性、研究进展和存在的问题,并对我国果蔬干燥加工的研究进行展望。结果微波干燥技术在果蔬加工方面具有很好的应用前景,它不仅可以达到干燥的目的,提高果蔬的经济效益,还能缩短果蔬的干燥时间,减少能量的消耗,维持产品较好的色香味和营养物质含量。结论微波干燥技术在采后的果蔬加工方面发挥着极其重要的作用,是果蔬采后加工过程中重要的技术,具有广阔的应用前景。

Machine Learning Models in Type 2 Diabetes Risk Prediction:Results from a Cross-sectional Retrospective Study in Chinese Adults

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a prevalent health problem in China,especially in urban areas.Early prevention strategies are needed to reduce the associated mortality and morbidity.We applied the combination of rules and different machine learning techniques to assess the risk of development of T2DM in an urban Chinese adult population.A retrospective analysis was performed on 8000 people with non-diabetes and 3845 people with T2DM in Nanjing.Multilayer Perceptron (MLP),AdaBoost (AD),Trees Random Forest (TRF),Support Vector Machine (SVM),and Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB) machine learning techniques with 10 cross validation methods were used with the proposed model for the prediction of the risk of development of T2DM.The performance of these models was evaluated with accuracy,precision,sensitivity,specificity,and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).After comparison,the prediction accuracy of the different five machine models was 0.87,0.86,0.86,0.86 and 0.86 respectively.The combination model using the same voting weight of each component was built on T2DM,which was performed better than individual models.The findings indicate that,combining machine learning models could provide an accurate assessment model for T2DM risk prediction.

Prediction of adolescent subjective well being: A machine learning approach

Background Subjective well-being(SWB),also known as happiness,plays an important role in evaluating both mental and physical health.Adolescents deserve specific attention because they are under a great variety of stresses and are at risk for mental disorders during adulthood.Aim The present paper aims to predict undergraduate students1 SWB by machine learning method.Methods Gradient Boosting Classifier which was an innovative yet validated machine learning approach was used to analyse data from 10518 Chinese adolescents.The online survey included 298 factors such as depression and personality.Quality control procedure was used to minimise biases due to online survey reports.We applied feature selection to achieve the balance between optimal prediction and result interpretation.Results The top 20 happiness risks and protective factors were finally brought into the predicting model.Approximately 90%individuals'SWB can be predicted correctly,and the sensitivity and specificity were about 92%and 90%,respectively.Conclusions This result identifies at-risk individuals according to new characteristics and established the foundation for adolescent prevention strategies.

全身麻醉下行手术患者在苏醒期间发生低体温事件的因素分析及预防策略

目的 考察全身麻醉(简称“全麻”)下行手术的患者在苏醒期间发生低体温事件的影响因素。方法 选择2021年1~12月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院全麻下行手术治疗的2 833例患者作为研究对象。根据患者在苏醒期间是否发生低体温事件并采用倾向性评分最近邻匹配法匹配患者的年龄和性别后接1∶1分组分为观察组(发生低体温事件,90例)和对照组(未发生低体温事件,90例)。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探究全麻下行手术的患者发生低体温事件的影响因素。结果 2 833例全麻下行手术的患者中,低体温事件的发生率为3.18%(90/2 833)。2组在年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、手术时间、手术室温度、麻醉时间、手术体位、输血和输液量方面对比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术时间>2 h、BMI≤24.0 kg/m^(2)、麻醉时间>2 h、年龄>60岁、手术室温度<24℃、手术体位为俯卧位、输血和输液量≥1 000 mL均是全麻下行手术的患者在苏醒期间发生低体温事件的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论 全麻下行手术的患者在苏醒期间发生低体温事件的影响因素包括手术时间、BMI、麻醉时间、年龄、手术室温度、手术体位、输血和输液量,临床应给予患者保暖措施,以避免出现低体温事件。

How far away are accurate equations of state determinations? Some issues on pressure scales and non-hydrostaticity in diamond anvil cells

The equations of state(EOSs)of materials are the cornerstone of condensed matter physics,material science,and geophysics.However,acquiring an accurate EOS in diamond anvil cell(DAC)experiments continues to prove problematic because the current lack of an accurate pressure scale with clarified sources of uncertainty makes it difficult to determine a precise pressure value at high pressure,and nonhydrostaticity affects both the volume and pressure determination.This study will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of various pressure scales,and propose an absolute pressure scale and correction methods for the effects of non-hydrostaticity.At the end of this paper,we analyze the accuracy of the determined EOS in the DAC experiments we can achieve to date.

Discordance between chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity during the human primed-to-naïve pluripotency transition process

Naive pluripotent state can be obtained by several strategies from various types of cells,in which the cell fate roadmap as well as key biological events involved in the journey have been described in detail.Here,we carefully explored the chromatin accessibility dynamics during the primed-to-naïve transition by adopting a dual fluorescent reporter system and the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin(ATAC)-seq.Our results revealed critical chromatin remodeling events and highlight the discordance between chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity.We further demonstrate that the differential epigenetic modifications and transcription factor(TF)activities may play a critical role in regulating gene expression,and account for the observed variations in gene expression despite similar chromatin landscapes.

A NAC transcription factor MNAC3-centered regulatory network negatively modulates rice immunity against blast disease

NAC transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in plant immunity against diverse pathogens.Here,we report the functional and regulatory network of MNAC3,a novel NAC TF,in rice immunity.MNAC3,a transcriptional activator,negatively modulates rice immunity against blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases and pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immune responses.MNAC3 binds to a CACG cis-element and activates the transcription of immune-negative target genes OsINO80,OsJAZ10,and OsJAZ11.The negative function of MNAC3 in rice immunity depends on its transcription of downstream genes such as OsINO80 and OsJAZ10.MNAC3 interacts with immunity-related OsPP2C41(a protein phosphatase),ONAC066(a NAC TF),and OsDjA6(a DnaJ chaperone).ONAC066 and OsPP2C41 attenuate MNAC3 transcriptional activity,while OsDjA6 promotes it.Phosphorylation of MNAC3 at S163 is critical for its negative functions in rice immunity.OsPP2C41,which plays positive roles in rice blast resistance and chitin-triggered immune responses,dephosphorylates MNAC3,suppressing its transcriptional activity on the target genes OsINO80,OsJAZ10,and OsJAZ11 and promoting the translocation of MNAC3 from nucleus to cytoplasm.These results establish a MNAC3-centered regulatory network in which OsPP2C41 dephosphorylates MNAC3,attenuating its transcriptional activity on downstream immune-negative target genes in rice.Together,these findings deepen our understanding of molecular mechanisms in rice immunity and offer a novel strategy for genetic improvement of rice disease resistance.

The NAC transcription factor ONAC083 negatively regulates rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae by directly activating transcription of the RING-H2 gene OsRFPH2-6

NAC transcription factors(TFs) play critical roles in plant immunity by modulating the expression of downstream genes via binding to specific cis-elements in promoters. Here, we report the function and regulatory network of a pathogenand defense phytohormone-inducible NAC TF gene, ONAC083, in rice(Oryza sativa) immunity.ONAC083 localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity that depends on its C-terminal region. Knockout of ONAC083enhances rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae, strengthening pathogen-induced defense responses, and boosting chitin-induced pattern-triggered immunity(PTI), whereas ONAC083 overexpression has opposite effects. We identified ONAC083-binding sites in the promoters of 82genes, and showed that ONAC083 specifically binds to a conserved element with the core sequence ACGCAA. ONAC083 activated the transcription of the genes OsRFPH2-6, OsTrx1, and OsPUP4 by directly binding to the ACGCAA element. OsRFPH2-6, encoding a RING-H2 protein with an N-terminal transmembrane region and a C-terminal typical RING domain, negatively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin-triggered PTI. These data demonstrate that ONAC083 negatively contributes to rice immunity against M. oryzae by directly activating the transcription of OsRFPH2-6 through the ACGCAA element in its promoter. Overall, our study provides new insight into the molecular regulatory network of NAC TFs in rice immunity.

适应性支持通气在全麻苏醒期患者中的应用

目的探讨适应性支持通气(adaptive support ventilation,ASV)在全麻苏醒期患者中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取全麻手术后带气管导管转入PACU观察的患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组(每组60例)。对照组采用容量控制同步间歇指令通气(volume control‑synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation,VC‑SIMV),试验组采用ASV,比较两组拔管前人机对抗发生率、苏醒期间镇静药物使用率、手动更改呼吸机参数的比例、PACU苏醒时间和拔管后低氧血症发生率。结果试验组拔管前人机对抗发生率、苏醒期间镇静药物使用率、手动更改呼吸机参数的比例均低于对照组(P<0.05),PACU苏醒时间少于对照组(P<0.05);两组低氧血症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比于传统的VC‑SIMV模式,ASV应用于全麻带气管导管转入PACU苏醒的患者,能提供更好的人机协调性、简化通气管理、缩短患者苏醒时间。

Modeling human pregastrulation development by 3D culture of blastoids generated from primed-to-naive transitioning intermediates

Human pluripotent stem cells provide an inexhaustible model to study human embryogenesis in vitro.Recent studies have provided diverse models to generate human blastoids by self-organization of different pluripotent stem cells or somatic reprogramming intermediates.However,whether blastoids can be generated from other cell types or whether they can recapitulate postimplantation development in vitro is unknown.Here,we develop a strategy to generate human blastoids from heterogeneous intermediates with epiblast,trophectoderm,and primitive endoderm signatures of the primed-to-naïve conversion process,which resemble natural blastocysts in morphological architecture,composition of cell lineages,transcriptome,and lineage differentiation potential.In addition,these blastoids reflect many features of human peri-implantation and pregastrulation development when further cultured in an in vitro 3D culture system.In summary,our study provides an alternative strategy to generate human blastoids and offers insights into human early embryogenesis by modeling peri-and postimplantation development in vitro.