Optimal search path planning of UUV in battlefeld ambush scene

Aiming at the practical application of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle(UUV)in underwater combat,this paper proposes a battlefield ambush scene with UUV considering ocean current.Firstly,by establishing these mathematical models of ocean current environment,target movement,and sonar detection,the probability calculation methods of single UUV searching target and multiple UUV cooperatively searching target are given respectively.Then,based on the Hybrid Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization(HQPSO)algorithm,the path with the highest target search probability is found.Finally,through simulation calculations,the influence of different UUV parameters and target parameters on the target search probability is analyzed,and the minimum number of UUVs that need to be deployed to complete the ambush task is demonstrated,and the optimal search path scheme is obtained.The method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of UUV in the future combat.

LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 up-regulates FTH1 to inhibit ferroptosis and promote malignant phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells

Previous study revealed that ferritin heavy chain-1(FTH1)could regulate ferritinophagy and affect intracellular Fe^(+)content in various tumors,while its N6-methyladenosine(m6A)RNA methylation was closely related the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.However,little is known about the role of FTH1 m6A methylation in ovarian cancer(OC)and its possible action mechanisms.In this study we constructed FTH1 m6A methylation regulatory pathway(LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1/IGF2BP1)according to related bioinformatics analysis and research,through clinical sample detections we found that these pathway regulatory factors were significantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues,and their expression levels were closely related to the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer.In vitro cell experiments showed that LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could up-regulate FTH1 expression through IGF2BP1 axis,thus inhibited ferroptosis by regulating ferritinophagy,and finally promoted proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cells.Tumor-bearing mice studies showed that the knock-down of LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could inhibited the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo condition.Our results demonstrated that LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could promote the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells through FTH1-IGF2BP1 regulated ferroptosis.

5-mRNA-based prognostic signature of survival in lung adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is the most common non-small-cell lung cancer,with a high incidence and a poor prognosis.AIM To construct effective predictive models to evaluate the prognosis of LUAD patients.METHODS In this study,we thoroughly mined LUAD genomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)(GSE43458,GSE32863,and GSE27262)and the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)datasets,including 698 LUAD and 172 healthy(or adjacent normal)lung tissue samples.Univariate regression and LASSO regression analyses were used to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to patient prognosis,and multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to establish the risk score equation and construct the survival prognosis model.Receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with clinically independent prognostic parameters were performed to verify the predictive power of the model and further establish a prognostic nomogram.RESULTS A total of 380 DEGs were identified in LUAD tissues through GEO and TCGA datasets,and 5 DEGs(TCN1,CENPF,MAOB,CRTAC1 and PLEK2)were screened out by multivariate Cox regression analysis,indicating that the prognostic risk model could be used as an independent prognostic factor(Hazard ratio=1.520,P<0.001).Internal and external validation of the model confirmed that the prediction model had good sensitivity and specificity(Area under the curve=0.754,0.737).Combining genetic models and clinical prognostic factors,nomograms can also predict overall survival more effectively.CONCLUSION A 5-mRNA-based model was constructed to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma,which may provide clinicians with reliable prognostic assessment tools and help clinical treatment decisions.

The Causes of Dormancy and the Changes of Endogenous Hormone Content in Cephalotaxus sinensis Seeds

In many wild species, seeds are dormancy at maturity and will not germinate even under favorable environment conditions. Dormancy is a complex trail that is determined by many factors. Some studies have shown that cold stratification and the application of gibberellic acid (GA) can break seed dormancy and promote seed germination. The present study investigated the causes of plant dormancy and the effect of cold stratification and different concentrations of exogenous GA3 in regulating Cephalotaxus sinensis seed germination. Results showed that C. Sinensis seeds have good water permeability, which suggested that seed coats were not the main cause that inhibited the seed germination. There were germination inhibitions in all parts of seeds, and the order of inhibitory effect was: testa < endosperm (embryo), which indicated that existence of germination inhibitions was the main reason causing seed dormancy. Endogenous GAs and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) content increased, while ABA (abscisic acid) content decreased over the experiments. ZR (zeatin riboside) content decreased in the early phase of cold stratification, but rebounded by the end of the experimental period. The changes of endogenous hormone indicated that GA, IAA and ZR played a positive role in seed germination, whereas ABA was associated with seed dormancy. Besides, the relative ratio of GA/ABA, IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA may play a more important role than their absolute level during the seed development.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Rosa rugosa β-1,3-Glucanase Gene (RrGlu)

In order to reveal which role the callose played in R. rugosa pollination incompatibility, the full-length cDNA sequence of β-1,3-glucanase gene was cloned for the first time from the stylus of Rosa rugosa “Tanghong” with RT-PCR and RACE methods and named as RrGlu. The full-length cDNA is 1380 bp with an open reading frame of 1041 bp, encoding 346 amino acids. The derived protein has a molecular weight of 37.85 kD, a calculated pI of 9.12, a pfam00332 conserved domain at position 36 - 345, and belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 17. The derived protein is a hydrophilic protein secreted into the vacuole. There is a signal peptide cleavage site at position 34 - 35, a transmembrane domain at position 13 - 32, six Ser phosphorylation sites, three Thr phosphorylation sites, three Tyr phosphorylation sites, one N-glycosylation site, and five O-glycosylation sites. There are 31.50% α-helixes, 30.92% random coil, 25.14% extended peptide chain, and 12.43% β-corner structure. This protein and the Glu protein from eight other species, including Prunus persica, share a sequence homology of greater than 72%;all of the proteins contain a pfam00332 conserved domain and a β-1,3-glucanase active center sequence (LIVM)-X-(LIVMFYW)3-(STAG)-E-(ST)-G-W-P-(ST)-X-G. Furthermore, their phylogenetic relationships are consistent with their traditional classifications. These results were meaningful to reveal the molecular mechanism of R. rugosa pollination incompatibility and improve the theory and techniques of breeding ornamental R. rugosa.

Variation Characteristics of Mass Concentration of Inhalable Particles in Qingdao, China

The geographical condition of Qingdao, China is relatively special;the transport of various inland pollutants, the emissions of marine aerosol and local pollutants will have an impact on the changes of atmospheric aerosol concentration. By using the stability classification method, trajectory clustering analysis and the NOAA HYSPLIT model, the seasonal distribution characteristics of atmospheric inhalable particulate matter concentration in Qingdao, China and its relationship with meteorological conditions, mixed layer height, and the seasonal characteristics of Qingdao pollutant transport were analyzed. The results show that the variation trends of PM2.5 and PM10 were about the same, and there are obvious seasonal differences, which are high in winter and spring, and low in summer and autumn. The concentration of inhalable particulate matter has a negative correlation with temperature, wind speed and relative humidity. The concentration of inhalable particulate matter is distinct in different relative humidity ranges. When the wind speed is less than 3 - 4 m/s, there are more inhalable particles, while the mass concentration shows obvious reduction with the wind speed more than 4 m/s. There is a significant negative correlation between the mass concentration of pollutants and the daily maximum mixed layer height. The larger the concentration of pollutants, the smaller the thickness of the daily largest mixed layer. Conversely, the smaller the mass concentration of pollutants, the larger the thickness of the daily largest mixed layer. The pollutant transport in Qingdao has obvious seasonal characteristics. The air mass in spring, autumn and winter is mainly medium-long distance transport from Mongolia and southern Russia, and medium-short distance transport from Inner Mongolia and northeast of China. The source of air masses in summer is mainly transported from the eastern and sea areas.

Spatial quantum coherent modulation with perfect hybrid vector vortex beam based on atomic medium

The perfect hybrid vector vortex beam(PHVVB)with helical phase wavefront structure has aroused significant concern in recent years,as its beam waist does not expand with the topological charge(TC).In this work,we investigate the spatial quantum coherent modulation effect with PHVVB based on the atomic medium,and we observe the absorption characteristic of the PHVVB with different TCs under variant magnetic fields.We find that the transmission spectrum linewidth of PHVVB can be effectively maintained regardless of the TC.Still,the width of transmission peaks increases slightly as the beam size expands in hot atomic vapor.This distinctive quantum coherence phenomenon,demonstrated by the interaction of an atomic medium with a hybrid vector-structured beam,might be anticipated to open up new opportunities for quantum coherence modulation and accurate magnetic field measurement.

Immune cell signatures and causal association with irritable bowel syndrome:A mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions,pivotal for neural development and function,are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Prior studies linking immune inflammation with IBS have been inconsistent.To further elucidate this relationship,we conducted a Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis of 731 immune cell markers to dissect the influence of various immune phenotypes on IBS.Our goal was to deepen our understanding of the disrupted brain-gut axis in IBS and to identify novel therapeutic targets.AIM To leverage publicly available data to perform MR analysis on 731 immune cell markers and explore their impact on IBS.We aimed to uncover immunophenotypic associations with IBS that could inform future drug development and therapeutic strategies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cell markers and IBS.By utilizing genetic data from public databases,we examined the causal associations between 731 immune cell markers,encompassing median fluorescence intensity,relative cell abundance,absolute cell count,and morphological parameters,with IBS susceptibility.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our findings and address potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy.RESULTS Bidirectional false discovery rate correction indicated no significant influence of IBS on immunophenotypes.However,our analysis revealed a causal impact of IBS on 30 out of 731 immune phenotypes(P<0.05).Nine immune phenotypes demonstrated a protective effect against IBS[inverse variance weighting(IVW)<0.05,odd ratio(OR)<1],while 21 others were associated with an increased risk of IBS onset(IVW≥0.05,OR≥1).CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a substantial genetic correlation between immune cell phenotypes and IBS,providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the condition.These results pave the way for the development of more precise biomarkers and targeted therapies for IBS.Furthermore,this research enriches our comprehension of immune cell roles in IBS pathogenesis,offering a foundation for more effective,personalized treatment approaches.These advancements hold promise for improving IBS patient quality of life and reducing the disease burden on individuals and their families.

Predictive value of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after ablation

AIM: To investigate the relationship between contrastenhanced ultrasound(CEUS),basic fibroblast growth factor(b FGF),endothelin-1(ET-1),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) recurrence after ablation. METHODS: A total of 51 HCC patients(38 males and 13 females) who received radiofrequency ablation in our hospital from June 2012 to July 2014 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: recurrence group and non-recurrence group. Routine abdominal examination was first performed in the horizontal position. Then the patients underwent CEUS and immunohistochemical staining before receiving radiofrequency ablation. All patients were followed-up every three months for one year.The results of CEUS and serum tumor marker levels were evaluated and combined together to estimate HCC recurrence and metastasis. Patients were divided into two groups: recurrence group and non-recurrence group. Quantitative parameters of CEUS and tumor expression levels of b FGF and ET-1 were compared between the two groups,respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CEUS quantitative parameters,expression levels of ET-1 and b FGF,and HCC recurrence after ablation. RESULTS: Based on the quantitative parameters of CEUS before patients received radiofrequency ablation,the levels of tumor rise time(t RT),tumor time to peak(t TTP),tumor peak intensity(t PI) and tumorparenchymal peak intensity(t-p PI) in the recurrence group were significantly lower than those in the nonrecurrence group(16.6 ± 6.1 vs 23.2 ± 7.0,P = 0.000; 41.2 ± 10.2 vs 59.6 ± 14.2,P = 0.000; 23.8 ± 6.7 vs 31.4 ± 6.4,P = 0.000; 7.1 ± 3.4 vs 14.6 ± 7.4,P = 0.000; respectively). The expression levels of b FGF in the recurrence group were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrence group(P < 0.05). Levels of t TTP showed a significant inverse correlation with the level of b FGF in tumors(r =-0.312,P = 0.037). The Binary logistic regression analysis results revealed that the levels of t RT,t TTP,t PI and the level of b FGF were associated with HCC recurrence after radiofrequency ablation(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CEUS is a noninvasive and effective method for evaluating the angiogenesis of HCC,and predicting its recurrence and prognosis.

A Nonlinear Observer Approach of SOC Estimation Based on Hysteresis Model for Lithium-ion Battery

In this paper, a state of charge(SOC) estimation approach for lithium-ion battery based on equivalent circuit model and the input-to-state stability(ISS) theory has been proposed. According to the electrochemical performance of lithiumion battery, the equivalent circuit model with two RC networks is established, which includes hysteresis characteristic in inner electrochemical response process. The nonlinear relation between open circuit voltage(OCV) and SOC is obtained from a rapid test. Exponential fitting method is used to identify the parameters of the model. A novel state observer based on ISS theory is designed for lithium-ion battery SOC estimation. The designed observer is tested on AMESim and Simulink co-simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed method has a high SOC estimation accuracy with an error of about 2 percent.

The WRKY transcription factor PlWRKY65 enhances the resistance of Paeonia lactiflora(herbaceous peony)to Alternaria tenuissima

In this study,the disease resistance gene PlWRKY65 was isolated from the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora and analyzed by bioinformatics methods,and the localization of the encoded protein was explored.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRTPCR)was also used to explore the response of this gene to Alternaria tenuissima.The results showed that the gene sequence contained multiple cis-acting elements involved in the response to hormone signaling molecules belonging to the IIe subgroup of the WRKY family,and the encoded proteins were located in the nucleus.The PlWRKY65 gene has a positive regulatory effect on A.tenuissima infection.After silencing the PlWRKY65 gene via virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),it was found that the gene-silenced plants were more sensitive to A.tenuissima infection than the wild plants,exhibiting more severe infection symptoms and different degrees of changes in the expression of the pathogenesis-related(PR)genes.In addition,we showed that the endogenous jasmonic acid(JA)content of P.lactiflora was increased in response to A.tenuissima infection,whereas the salicylic acid(SA)content decreased.After PlWRKY65 gene silencing,the levels of the two hormones changed accordingly,indicating that PlWRKY65,acting as a disease resistance-related transcriptional activator,exerts a regulatory effect on JA and SA signals.This study lays the foundation for functional research on WRKY genes in P.lactiflora and for the discovery of candidate disease resistance genes.

Microstructure of ZM6 magnesium alloy with different Nd content

With the purpose of studying the influence of Nd on the alloy structure and castability of ZM6, under the fixed content of Zn and Zr, this paper observes and analyzes the microstructure morphology of ZM6 alloy fracture with dif- ferent Nd content by the means of uniaxial tension experiment and scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation. The search results indicate that the structure of ZM6 alloy after added Nd can be refined to some extent, while it has no obvious influence on the grain structure and dimension of as- ast ZM6 alloy. Through increasing the ratio between Nd and Zn, it turns out that Nd and Zn reduces their own solid solu- bility by each other in α-Mg, and meanwhile, they gather toward the grain boundary, which is beneficial to refine the structure of ZM6 alloy ingot and enables the grain dimension of ZM6 alloy to reach the minimum when the Nd content is 2.5 %. On the basis of the minimization of the grain dimen- sion, the tensile property of ZM6 alloy improves with the Nd content. Thus, it provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the improvement of ZM6 alloy structure.

Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia in A Primary Pulmonary Leiomyosarcoma Patient with Skin Metastasis

Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma （LMS） is a very unusual tumor.Although LMS has well-known metastatic potential,cutaneous metastasis is a remarkably uncommon.Exposure to cytotoxic agents could lead to ＂therapy-related myeloid neoplasm＂ （t-MN）.Starting from 2008,the World Health Organization （WHO） has adopted the term to cover the spectrum of malignant diseases previously known as therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia （t-AML）,therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome （t-MDS） and therapy-related myelodysplastic/myelo-proliferative neoplasm （t-MDS/MPN）.We described the onset of t-MDS and progression to t-AML in one case diagnosed as primary pulmonary LMS with cutaneous metastasis.This patient achieved complete remission （CR） after three courses of IA regimen chemotherapy （idarubicin 5 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-5） and 1 course of HA chemotherapy regimen （homoharringtonine 3 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-7）.This case presents the natural course of therapy-related neoplasm and provides therapeutic experience for t-AML.

Fractional Modeling and SOC Estimation of Lithium-ion Battery

This paper proposes a state of charge(SOC) estimator of Lithium-ion battery based on a fractional order impedance spectra model. Firstly, a battery fractional order impedance model is derived on the grounds of the characteristics of Warburg element and constant phase element(CPE) over a wide range of frequency domain. Secondly, a frequency fitting method and parameter identification algorithm based on output error are presented to identify parameters of the fractional order model of Lithium-ion battery. Finally, the fractional order Kalman filter approach is introduced to estimate the SOC of the lithium-ion battery based on the fractional order model. The simulation results show that the fractional-order model can ensure an acceptable accuracy of the SOC estimation, and the error of estimation reaches maximally up to 0.5 % SOC.

Fabrication and properties of aluminum silicate fibrous materials with in situ synthesized K2Ti6O13 whiskers

To improve their mechanical and thermal insulation properties, aluminum silicate fibrous materials with in situ synthesized K_2Ti_6O_(13) whiskers were prepared by firing a mixture of short aluminum silicate fibers and gel powders obtained from a sol–gel process. During the preparation process, the fiber surface was coated with K_2Ti_6O_(13) whiskers after the fibers were subjected to a heat treatment carried out at various temperatures. The effects of process parameters on the microstructure, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were analyzed systematically. The results show that higher treatment temperatures and longer treatment durations promoted the development of K_2Ti_6O_(13) whiskers on the surface of aluminum silicate fibers; in addition, the intersection structure between whiskers modulated the morphology and volume of the multi-aperture structure among fibers, substantially increasing the fibers' compressive strength and reducing their heat conduction and convective heat transfer at high temperatures.

cDNA Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Chalcone Synthases (CHS) in <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i>

In the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, Chalcone synthase (CHS) is involved in the formation of the pigment and has been shown to be a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of flavonoids. In this study, a PCR approach was used to clone a Chalcone synthases cDNA from flower of sweet osmanthus “Chenghong Dangui” and it was designated as OfCHS (O. fragrans, CHS). The cDNA was 1383 bp long and a coding sequence (CDS) of 1173 bp encoding a polypeptide of 391 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 39.9 kDa. The theoretical isoelectric point was 6.23. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that OfCHS clustered with Olea europaea, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Perilla frutescens, Antirrhinum majus and Digitalis lanata. We also detected the expression of OfCHS in different tissues in “Dangui” and in two cultivars with varied coloration, “Zi Yingui” and “Chenghong Dangui” at different floral stages using quantitative real-time PCR. We observed that OfCHS transcript was higher in leaves than in petals in “Dangui”. The transcripts of OfCHS in “Zi Yingui” petals were higher than those in “Dangui” at three stages especially at xianyan stage and there was no significant difference between the two cultivars in the full flowering stage. “Chenghong Dangui” has a relatively high anthocyanin content compared to “Zi Yingui”. The relative amount of anthocyanin of “Chenghong Dangui” initially increases, and then decreases during the bloom period. However, the expression of CHS is the highest at the initial flowering stage. These data suggest that the OfCHS does not play a key role in the accumulation of total flavonoid in this cultivar. These data could contribute to explain the different accumulation of flavonoids in petals of the two cultivars.

Expression Vector Construction and Genetic Transformation of <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>Gibberellin 20-Oxidase Gene

GA20-oxidase (GA20ox) gene encodes a key enzyme in gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis pathway. Previously, we have cloned a PlGA20ox gene (GeneBank accession number: KU886552) from Paeonia lactiflora. To further reveal its function, we constructed an expression vector in the present study and then transformed it into Arabidopsis thaliana plants by floral dip method. The transgenic plants exhibited an early bolting, increased height and improved vegetative growth. These results provided efficient vector tool and functional information of PlGA20ox for future gene engineering in peony.

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of USP-1 by RNA interference in the Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar

Ecdysteroids play an important role in regulating diverse physiological processes in arthropods,such as molting,metamorphosis,reproduction and diapause.Ecdysteroids mediate the response by binding to a heterodimeric complex of two nuclear receptors:the ecdysone receptor and the ultraspiracle(USP).To investigate the role of USP in development of the Asian gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar),a USP cDNA was obtained from the transcriptome of L.dispar and verified by PCR.In-depth profiling of transcript levels of L.dispar USP-1(LdUSP-1)at different developmental stages and over time in thirdinstar larvae and different tissues isolated during the thirdinstar stage of L.dispar was then carried out.Transcript levels of LdUSP-1 were relatively high before 72 h in the third-instar larvae after ecdysis and in the adult male.The function of LdUSP-1 in molting was analyzed by knockdown of LdUSP-1 in third instar larvae using RNA interference.Silencing of LdUSP-1 significantly downregulated the transcript level of E75,an ecdysone-inducible gene,and of Sad,a Halloween gene.In addition,the duration of the third-instar stage was slightly shortened and larval mortality increased after the LdUSP-1 knockdown.

Matrix-based method for solving decision domains of neighbourhood multigranulation decision-theoretic rough sets

It is more and more important to analyse and process complex data for gaining more valuable knowledge and making more accurate decisions.The multigranulation decision theory based on conditional probability and cost loss has the advantage of processing decision-making problems from multi-levels and multi-angles,and the neighbourhood rough set model(NRS)can facilitate the analysis and processing of numerical or mixed type data,and can address the limitation of multigranulation decision-theoretic rough sets(MG-DTRS),which is not easy to cope with complex data.Based on the in-depth study of hybrid-valued decision systems and MG-DTRS models,this study analysed neigh-bourhood MG-DTRS(NMG-DTRS)deeply by fusing MG-DTRS and NRS;a matrix-based approach for approximation sets of NMG-DTRS model was proposed on the basis of the matrix representations of concepts;the positive,boundary and negative domains were constructed from the matrix perspective,and the concept of positive decision recognition rate was introduced.Furthermore,the authors explored the related properties of NMG-DTRS model,and designed and described the corresponding solving algorithms in detail.Finally,some experimental results that were employed not only verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm,but also showed the relationship between the decision recognition rate and the granularity and threshold.

Prognostic significance of Borrmann type combined with vessel invasion status in advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Borrmann classification(types I-IV)for the detection of advanced gastric cancer has been accepted worldwide,and lymphatic and/or blood vessel invasion(LBVI)status is related to the poor prognosis after gastric cancer.AIM To evaluate the significance of Borrmann type combined with LBVI status in predicting the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer.METHODS We retrospectively studied the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term survival data of 2604 patients who were diagnosed with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2013.Categorical variables were evaluated by the Pearson’sχ^2 test,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to identify differences in cumulative survival rates,and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.RESULTS A total of 2604 patients were included in this study.The presence of LVBI[LBVI(+)]and Borrmann type(P=0.001),tumor location(P<0.001),tumor size(P<0.001),histological type(P<0.001),tumor invasion depth(P<0.001),number of metastatic lymph nodes(P<0.001),and surgical method(P<0.001)were significantly correlated with survival.When analyzing the combination of the Borrmann classification and LBVI status,we found that patients with Borrmann type Ⅲ disease and LBVI(+)had a similar 5-year survival rate to those with Borrmann IV+LBVI(-)(16.4%vs 13.1%,P=0.065)and those with Borrmann IV+LBVI(+)(16.4%vs 11.2%,P=0.112).Subgroup analysis showed that the above results were true for any pT stage and any tumor location.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Borrmann classification(P=0.023),vascular infiltration(P<0.001),tumor size(P=0.012),pT stage(P<0.001),pN stage(P<0.001),and extent of radical surgery(P<0.001)were independent prognostic factors for survival.CONCLUSION Since patients with Borrmann Ⅲ disease and LBVI(+)have the same poor prognosis as those with Borrmann IV disease,more attention should be paid to patients with Borrmann Ⅲ disease and LBVI(+)during diagnosis and treatment,regardless of the pT stage and tumor location,to obtain better survival results.