Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis.This disease tends to recur,persist,and is difficult to cure.The pathogenesis of RA is complex.Currently,the commonly used treatments...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis.This disease tends to recur,persist,and is difficult to cure.The pathogenesis of RA is complex.Currently,the commonly used treatments for RA—non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs),glucocorticoids,and immunosuppressants—have notable side effects with long-term use and may be ineffective for some patients.Therefore,it is crucial to find drugs with limited side effects and significant curative effects.Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs have a long history,abundant resources,and are known for their safety and effectiveness in treating RA.In recent years,many studies have reported on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs on RA.This article reviews the pathogenesis of RA,as well as the research progress and treatment characteristics of Xinjiang-featured drugs.展开更多
纳米激光作为一种纳米级相干光源,是光电集成芯片的关键器件.激光器进一步小型化的阻碍在于随着激光器谐振腔体积的减小,其损耗迅速增大.连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BICs)能有效降低全介质结构的辐射损耗.本文提出一...纳米激光作为一种纳米级相干光源,是光电集成芯片的关键器件.激光器进一步小型化的阻碍在于随着激光器谐振腔体积的减小,其损耗迅速增大.连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BICs)能有效降低全介质结构的辐射损耗.本文提出一种基于全介质共振波导光栅(resonant waveguide grating structures,RWGs)准BIC的纳米激光器,可有效降低纳米激光器的阈值.将传统两部分光栅转换为四部分光栅,可激发波导结构的准BIC模式.本文数值研究了该模式的受激辐射放大特性.结果表明:TE偏振光照射下,基于四部分光栅的RWG结构的纳米激光阈值比基于传统RWG结构的阈值低20.86%.TM偏振光照射时,阈值比传统RWG结构降低了3.3倍.而且TE偏振光照射时纳米激光的阈值比TM偏振光照射时阈值大约低一个数量级,这是因为TE偏振光照射时,结构的电场局域在波导层内,增强了光与增益材料的相互作用,从而降低了纳米激光的阈值.展开更多
The second magnetization peak(SMP)appears in most superconductors and is crucial for the understanding of vortex physics as well as the application.Although it is well known that the SMP is related to the type and qua...The second magnetization peak(SMP)appears in most superconductors and is crucial for the understanding of vortex physics as well as the application.Although it is well known that the SMP is related to the type and quantity of disorder/defects,the mechanism has not been universally understood.We selected three stoichiometric superconducting RbCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2)single crystals with identical superconducting critical temperature T_(c)~31 K and similar self-field critical current density J_(c),but with different amounts of disorder/defects,to study the SMP effect.It is found that only the sample S2 with moderate disorder/defects shows significant SMP effect.The evolution of the normalized pinning force density f_(p)demonstrates that the dominant pinning mechanism changes from the weak pinning at low temperatures to strong pinning at high temperatures.The microstructure study for sample S2 reveals some expanded Ca_(2)F_(2)layers and dislocation defects in Rb Fe_(2)As_(2)layers.The normalized magnetic relaxation results indicate that the SMP is strongly associated with the elastic to plastic(E-P)vortex transition.As temperature increases,the SMP gradually evolves into a step-like shape and then becomes a sharp peak near the irreversibility field similar to what is usually observed in low-temperature superconductors.Our findings connect the low field SMP of high-temperature superconductors and the high field peak of lowtemperature superconductors,revealing the possible universal origin related to the E-P phase transition.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160841)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Key Projects(2022D01D65).
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis.This disease tends to recur,persist,and is difficult to cure.The pathogenesis of RA is complex.Currently,the commonly used treatments for RA—non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs),glucocorticoids,and immunosuppressants—have notable side effects with long-term use and may be ineffective for some patients.Therefore,it is crucial to find drugs with limited side effects and significant curative effects.Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs have a long history,abundant resources,and are known for their safety and effectiveness in treating RA.In recent years,many studies have reported on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs on RA.This article reviews the pathogenesis of RA,as well as the research progress and treatment characteristics of Xinjiang-featured drugs.
文摘纳米激光作为一种纳米级相干光源,是光电集成芯片的关键器件.激光器进一步小型化的阻碍在于随着激光器谐振腔体积的减小,其损耗迅速增大.连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BICs)能有效降低全介质结构的辐射损耗.本文提出一种基于全介质共振波导光栅(resonant waveguide grating structures,RWGs)准BIC的纳米激光器,可有效降低纳米激光器的阈值.将传统两部分光栅转换为四部分光栅,可激发波导结构的准BIC模式.本文数值研究了该模式的受激辐射放大特性.结果表明:TE偏振光照射下,基于四部分光栅的RWG结构的纳米激光阈值比基于传统RWG结构的阈值低20.86%.TM偏振光照射时,阈值比传统RWG结构降低了3.3倍.而且TE偏振光照射时纳米激光的阈值比TM偏振光照射时阈值大约低一个数量级,这是因为TE偏振光照射时,结构的电场局域在波导层内,增强了光与增益材料的相互作用,从而降低了纳米激光的阈值.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0704300)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12204265 and 12204487)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The second magnetization peak(SMP)appears in most superconductors and is crucial for the understanding of vortex physics as well as the application.Although it is well known that the SMP is related to the type and quantity of disorder/defects,the mechanism has not been universally understood.We selected three stoichiometric superconducting RbCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2)single crystals with identical superconducting critical temperature T_(c)~31 K and similar self-field critical current density J_(c),but with different amounts of disorder/defects,to study the SMP effect.It is found that only the sample S2 with moderate disorder/defects shows significant SMP effect.The evolution of the normalized pinning force density f_(p)demonstrates that the dominant pinning mechanism changes from the weak pinning at low temperatures to strong pinning at high temperatures.The microstructure study for sample S2 reveals some expanded Ca_(2)F_(2)layers and dislocation defects in Rb Fe_(2)As_(2)layers.The normalized magnetic relaxation results indicate that the SMP is strongly associated with the elastic to plastic(E-P)vortex transition.As temperature increases,the SMP gradually evolves into a step-like shape and then becomes a sharp peak near the irreversibility field similar to what is usually observed in low-temperature superconductors.Our findings connect the low field SMP of high-temperature superconductors and the high field peak of lowtemperature superconductors,revealing the possible universal origin related to the E-P phase transition.
