Analysis of the influencing factors and clinical related characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND In China,the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among diabetic patients is estimated to be between 90%-95%.Additionally,China is among the 22 countries burdened by a high number of tuberculosis cases,with approximately 4.5 million individuals affected by active tuberculosis.Notably,T2DM poses a significant risk factor for the development of tuberculosis,as evidenced by the increased incidence of T2DM coexisting with pulmonary tuberculosis(T2DMPTB),which has risen from 19.3%to 24.1%.It is evident that these two diseases are intricately interconnected and mutually reinforcing in nature.AIM To elucidate the clinical features of individuals diagnosed with both T2DM and tuberculosis(T2DM-PTB),as well as to investigate the potential risk factors associated with active tuberculosis in patients with T2DM.METHODS T2DM-PTB patients who visited our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected as the observation group,Simple DM patients presenting to our hospital in the same period were the control group,Controls and case groups were matched 1:2 according to the principle of the same sex,age difference(±3)years and disease duration difference(±5)years,patients were investigated for general demographic characteristics,diabetes-related characteristics,body immune status,lifestyle and behavioral habits,univariate and multivariate analysis of the data using conditional logistic regression,calculate the odds ratio(OR)values and 95%CI of OR values.RESULTS A total of 315 study subjects were included in this study,including 105 subjects in the observation group and 210 subjects in the control group.Comparison of the results of both anthropometric and biochemical measures showed that the constitution index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and lymphocyte count were significantly lower in the case group,while fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher than those in the control group.The results of univariate analysis showed that poor glucose control,hypoproteinemia,lymphopenia,TB contact history,high infection,smoking and alcohol consumption were positively associated with PTB in T2DM patients;married,history of hypertension,treatment of oral hypoglycemic drugs plus insulin,overweight,obesity and regular exercise were negatively associated with PTB in T2DM patients.Results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis found lymphopenia(OR=17.75,95%CI:3.40-92.74),smoking(OR=12.25,95%CI:2.53-59.37),history of TB contact(OR=6.56,95%CI:1.23-35.03)and poor glycemic control(OR=3.37,95%CI:1.11-10.25)was associated with an increased risk of developing PTB in patients with T2DM,While being overweight(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.08-0.72)and obesity(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.02-0.72)was associated with a reduced risk of developing PTB in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION T2DM-PTB patients are prone to worse glycemic control,higher infection frequency,and a higher proportion of people smoking,drinking alcohol,and lack of exercise.Lymphopenia,smoking,history of TB exposure,poor glycemic control were independent risk factors for T2DM-PTB,and overweight and obesity were associated with reduced risk of concurrent PTB in patients with T2DM.

Positive correlation between plasma PCSK9 and tissue factors levels in patients with angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

Background Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） is a secreted protein that influences plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Both oxidized LDL and tissue factor （TF） contributed to the development of prothrombofic state. The pre- sent study aims to explore the relationship between plasma level of PCSK9 and that of TF in patient with coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods From July 2013 to March 2014, we enrolled 197 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography because of suspected CAD at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in this study. All patients had no history of using lipid-lowering medication. Of these 197 patients （1B 1 male and 66 female, mean age 56.9 ± 11.8 years）, 81 had angiographically diagnosed CAD. Clinical data were collected. Plasma PCSK9 and TF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Levels of plasma PCSK9 and TF were compared and their correlation analyzed among different patient groups. Results Both plasma levels of PCSK9 （279.8 ± 60.4μg/L vs. 216.5 ± 45.3μg/L, P 〈 0.01） and TF （156.4 ± 26.6 μg/mL vs. 112.1 ± 38.3 μg/L, P 〈 0.01） were significantly higher in patients with CAD, as compared with those with- out CAD. Correlation analysis showed plasma level of PCSK9 was significantly correlated with that of TF in both patients with and without CAD. However, multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, hypertension and hyperlipidemia showed that only in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was significant positive correlation between plasma levels of PCSK9 and TF （β = 0.353, P 〈 0.01）. Coneluslons The plasma level of PCSK9 is independently and positively associated with that of TF in CAD patients with diabetes mellitus, but not in those without diabetes mellitus. Further study is needed to investigate the underlying mechanism.

Fiber Methane Gas Sensor and Its Application in Methane Outburst Prediction in Coal Mine

Fiber optic methane gas detecting system based on distributed feedback （DFB） laser wavelength scanning technique is demonstrated. Wavelength scan of methane absorption peak at 1665.9 nm is realized by saw tooth modulation of current which is injected to DFB laser. A reference methane gas cell is used to find the methane absorption peak around 1666 nm, and normalization is used to reduce the outside affection such as power drift, fiber loss. Concentration is got by arithmetic processing absorption coefficient of the methane gas. In-situ test is carried out in coal mine and long time precision of 0.05% is achieved. Some spot data of coal mine is introduced. By the system, methane outburst can be measured.

Effect of rosuvastatin intensification therapy on blood lipid metabolism,adipocytokines and plaque stability after PCI in ACS patients

Objective: To explore the effect of rosuvastatin intensification therapy on blood lipid metabolism, adipocytokines and plaque stability after PCI in ACS patients. Methods: ACS patients who received PCI in the hospital between July 2015 and January 2017were reviewed and divided into the routine dose group (n=60) who received rosuvastatin routine dose therapy after PCI and the intensification therapy group (n=46) who received rosuvastatin intensification therapy after PCI. The differences in blood lipid metabolism, adipocytokines and plaque stability were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before PCI, the differences in blood lipid metabolism, adipocytokines and plaque stability were not statistically significant between the two groups. 1 month after PCI, lipid metabolism indexes HDL-C and ApoA1 levels in peripheral blood of intensification therapy group were higher than those of routine dose group while LDL-C and ApoB levels were lower than those of routine dose group;adipocytokines APN and Leptin levels in serum were higher than those of routine dose group while Resistin level was lower than that of routine dose group;plaque stability-related indexes ICAM-1, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels were lower than those of routine dose group. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin intensification therapy after PCI could effectively regulate the lipid metabolism and increase the plaque stability in ACS patients.

The expression and prognostic value of protein tyrosine kinase 6 in early-stage cervical squamous cell cancer

Background:Protein tyrosine kinase 6(PTK6) is overexpressed in many epithelial tumors and predicts poor prognosis.However,PTK6 expression status and its role in cervical squamous cell cancer are unknown.This study aimed to investigate the expression level and clinical significance of PTK6 in early-stage cervical squamous cell cancer.Methods:Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis were performed to detect PTK6 mRNA and protein expression levels in 10 freshly frozen,early-stage cervical squamous cell cancer specimens and adjacent non-tumorous cervical tissues.The expression of PTK6 was detected using immunohistochemical staining in 150 formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded,early-stage cervical squamous cell cancer sections and 10 normal cervical tissue sections.Results:The mRNA and protein levels of PTK6 in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent non-tumorous cervical tissues.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PTK6 was not expressed in normal cervical tissues but was overexpressed in the cytoplasm of cervical squamous cell cancer cells.The level of PTK6 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade(P = 0.020).The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with high PTK6 expression was lower than that of patients with low PTK6 expression(81.3%vs.96.2%,P = 0.008).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the expression level of PTK6 in cervical squamous cell cancer was an independent prognostic factor for patient survival(hazard ratio = 5.999,95%confidence interval 1.622-22.191,P< 0.05).Conclusions:PTK6 is overexpressed in cervical squamous ceil cancer.Increased PTK6 expression is associated with reduced 5-year overall survival.PTK6 expression is an independent prognostic predictor for cervical cancer.

Improvement of microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of WE43 alloy by squeeze casting

The WE43 magnesium alloy was prepared by squeeze casting,and the influence of squeeze casting parameters on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance was studied and compared with gravity casting.The gravity cast WE43 alloy shows uneven grain size distribution,and some grains even greater than 90μm.While,the grain size of the squeeze cast WE43 alloy is mainly distributed in 20-50μm.The Mg12Nd2Y phase morphology changes from large lamellar to strips after squeeze casting,whereas Mg_(24)Y_(5) phase exhibits no obvious change.The yield strength,tensile strength,and elongation of the gravity cast WE43 alloy are 127 MPa,157 MPa,and 6%,respectively,and 145 MPa,193 MPa,and 9.1%for squeeze cast alloy.For the squeeze cast WE43 alloy,the average corrosion rate is 0.6056 mm·year^(-1) according to immersion test results,and according to electrochemical measurements,the corrosion current density is 78.13μA·cm^(-2),which is better than that of the gravity cast WE43 alloy.Compared with gravity casting,the grains and second phase of the WE43 alloy by squeeze casting are refined,and the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are improved.This may expand the applications of the WE43 alloy.

Chinese expert consensus on the management of hypertension in the very elderly

Population aging has become a major challenge for the healthcare in China. More than 23 million Chinese are cur- rently ≥ 80 years, with an annual increase of 5%. The Chi- nese population of 80 years or older is expected to reach 30.67 million by 2020 and 74 million by 2040.

Quinoline alkaloids isolated from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans

Objective: To study the quinoline alkaloids from the ethanol extract of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans(SSM).Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by macroporous resin column, medium pressure preparation chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by IR,MS, and NMR experiments.Results: Three quinolone alkaloids were obtained and identified as 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyquinolin-8-yl hydrogen sulfate(1), jineol-8-sulfate(2), and jineol(3), respectively.Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound from SSM.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1 mutations recapitulate pathological features of ALS

Background:Investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms in motor neurons(MNs)derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)disease-specific induced pluripotent stem(iPS)cell lines could improve understanding of the issues affecting MNs.Therefore,in this study we explored mutant superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)protein expression in MNs derived from the iPS cell lines of ALS patients carrying different SOD1 mutations.Methods:We generated induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)lines from two familial ALS(FALS)patients withSOD1-V14M andSOD1-C111Y mutations,and then differentiated them into MNs.We investigated levels of the SOD1 protein in iPSCs and MNs,the intracellular Ca2+levels in MNs,and the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity in the process of differentiation into the MNs derived from the controls and ALS patients’iPSCs.Results:The iPSCs from the two FALS patients were capable of differentiation into MNs carrying different SOD1 mutations and differentially expressed MN markers.We detected high SOD1 protein expression and high intracellular calcium levels in both the MN and iPSCs that were derived from the twoSOD1 mutant patients.However,at no time did we observe stronger LDH activity in the patient lines compared with the control lines.Conclusions:MNs derived from patient-specific iPSC lines can recapitulate key aspects of ALS pathogenesis,providing a cell-based disease model to further elucidate disease pathogenesis and explore gene repair coupled with cell-replacement therapy.Incremental mutant expressions of SOD1 in MNs may have disrupted MN function,either causing or contributing to the intracellular calcium disturbances,which could lead to the occurrence and development of the disease.