PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a real-world study

Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC)remains heavily debated.We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor plus anlotinib as a potential solution for terminal mCRPC and further evaluate the association of genomic characteristics with efficacy outcomes.We conducted a retrospective real-world study of 25 mCRPC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib after the progression to standard treatments.The clinical information was extracted from the electronic medical records and 22 patients had targeted circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)next-generation sequencing.Statistical analysis showed that 6(24.0%)patients experienced prostate-specific antigen(PSA)response and 11(44.0%)patients experienced PSA reduction.The relationship between ctDNA findings and outcomes was also analyzed.DNA-damage repair(DDR)pathways and homologous recombination repair(HRR)pathway defects indicated a comparatively longer PSA-progressionfree survival(PSA-PFS;2.5 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.027;3.3 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.017;respectively).This study introduces the PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib as a late-line therapeutic strategy for terminal mCRPC.PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib may be a new treatment choice for terminal mCRPC patients with DDR or HRR pathway defects and requires further investigation.

Numerical calculations Of effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics by image-based finite element method

The effective thermal conductivity of heterogeneous or composite materials is an essential physical parameter of materials selection and design for specific functions in science and engineering. The effective thermal conductivity is heavily relied on the fraction and spatial distribution of each phase. In this work, image- based finite element method （FEM） was used to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics with different pore structures. Compared with former theoretical models such as effective media theory （EMT） equation and parallel model, image-based FEM can be applied to a large variety of material systems with a relatively steady deviation. The deviation of image-based FEM computation mainly comes from the difference between the two dimensional （2D） image and the three dimensional （3D） structure of the real system, and an experiment was carried out to confirm this assumption. Factors influencing 2D and 3D effective thermal conductivities were studied by FEM to illustrate the accuracy and application conditions of image-based FEM.