Systematic treatment in gastric cancer patients with overt bleeding:A propensity score matching analysis

BACKGROUND Hemorrhage,which is not a rare complication in patients with gastric cancer(GC)/gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC),can lead to a poor prognosis.However,no study has examined the effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy as an initial therapy for GC/GEJC patients with overt bleeding(OB).AIM To investigate the impact of OB on the survival and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)of GC/GEJC patients.METHODS Patients with advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC who received systematic treatment at Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled in this study.Propensity score matching(PSM)analysis was performed.RESULTS After 1:2 PSM analysis,93 patients were assessed,including 32 patients with OB before treatment(OBBT)and 61 patients without OBBT.The disease control rate was 90.6%in the group with OBBT and 88.5%in the group without OBBT,and this difference was not statistically significant.There was no difference in the incidence of TRAEs between the group with OBBT and the group without OBBT.The median overall survival(mOS)was 15.2 months for patients with OBBT and 23.7 months for those without OBBT[hazard ratio(HR)=1.101,95%confidence interval(CI):0.672-1.804,log rank P=0.701].The mOS was worse for patients with OB after treatment(OBAT)than for those without OBAT(11.4 months vs 23.7 months,HR=1.787,95%CI:1.006-3.175,log rank P=0.044).CONCLUSION The mOS for GC/GEJC patients with OBBT was similar to that for those without OBBT,but the mOS for patients with OBAT was worse than that for those without OBAT.

Restoring cosmological concordance with axion-like early dark energy and dark matter characterized by a constant equation of state?

The Hubble tension persists as a challenge in cosmology.Even early dark energy(EDE)models,initially considered the most promising for alleviating the Hubble tension,fall short of addressing the issue without exacerbating other tensions,such as the S_(8)tension.Considering that a negative dark matter(DM)equation of state(EoS)parameter is conducive to reduce the value of the σ_(8)parameter,we extend the axion-like EDE model in this paper by replacing the cold dark matter(CDM)with DM characterized by a constant EoS w_(dm)(referred to as WDM hereafter).We then impose constraints on this axion-like EDE extension model,along with three other models:the axion-like EDE model,ΛWDM,and ΛCDM.These constraints are derived from a comprehensive analysis incorporating data from the Planck 2018 cosmic microwave background,baryon acoustic oscillations,and the Pantheon compilation,as well as a prior on H_(0)(i.e.H_(0)=73.04±1.04,based on the latest local measurement by Riess et al)and a Gaussianized prior on S_(8)(i.e.S_(8)=0.766±0.017,determined through the joint analysis of KID1000+BOSS+2dLenS).We find that although the new model maintains the ability to alleviate the Hubble tension to~1.4σ,it still exacerbates the S_(8)tension to a level similar to that of the axion-like EDE model.

Dark Energy Phenomenon from Backreaction Effect

In this paper, we interpret the dark energy phenomenon as an averaged effect caused by small scale inhomogeneities of the universe with the use of the spatial averaged approach of Buchert. Two models are considered here,one of which assumes that the backreaction term QD and the averaged spatial Ricci scalar (R)D obey the scaling laws of the volume scale factor a D at adequately late times, and the other one adopts the ansatz that the backreaction term QD is a constant in the recent universe. Thanks to the effective geometry introduced by Larena et al. in their previous work,we confront these two backreaction models with latest type Ia supernova and Hubble parameter observations, coming out with the results that the constant backreaction model is slightly favoured over the other model and the best fitting backreaction term in the scaling backreaction model behaves almost like a constant. Also, the numerical results show that the constant backreaction model predicts a smaller expansion rate and decelerated expansion rate than the other model does at redshifts higher than about 1, and both backreaction terms begin to accelerate the universe at a redshift around 0.5.