A new process of extracting vanadium from the stone coal vanadium ore in Fangshankou, Dtmhuang area of Gansu Province, China was introduced. Various leaching experiments were carried out, and the results show that the...A new process of extracting vanadium from the stone coal vanadium ore in Fangshankou, Dtmhuang area of Gansu Province, China was introduced. Various leaching experiments were carried out, and the results show that the vanadium ore in Fangshankou is difficult to process due to its high consumption of acid and the high leaching rate of impurities. However, the leaching rate can be up to 80% and the content of V2O5 in the residue can be between 0.22%-0.25% in the process of ore fme grinding→oxidation roasting→mixing and ripening→aqueous leaching→P2O4 solvent extraction→sulfuric acid stripping→oxidation and precipitation→decomposition by heat. Also, the quality of flaky V205 produced by this process can meet the requirements of GB3283--87. The total leaching rate of vanadium is 70%. Also, three types of wastes are easy to treat. The vanadium extraction process is better in relation to the aspect of environmental protection than the sodium method.展开更多
Numerical simulation of nanoparticle nucleation and coagulation in a mixing layer with sulfuric acid vapor binary system is performed using the large eddy simulation and the direct quadrature method of moment. The dis...Numerical simulation of nanoparticle nucleation and coagulation in a mixing layer with sulfuric acid vapor binary system is performed using the large eddy simulation and the direct quadrature method of moment. The distributions of number concentration, volume concentration, and average diameter of nanoparticles are obtained. The results show that the coherent structures have an important effect on the distributions of number concentration, volume concentration and average diameter of nanoparticles via continuously transporting and diffusing the nanoparticles to the area of low particle concentration. In the streamwise direction, the number concentration of nanoparticles decreases, while the volume concentration and the average diameter increase. The distributions of number concentration, volume concentration and average diameter of nanoparticles are spatially inhomogeneous. The characteristic time of nucleation is shorter than that of coagulation. The nucleation takes place more easily in the area of low temperature because where the number concentration of nanoparticles is high, while the intensity of coagulation is mainly affected by the number concentration. Both nucleation and coagulation result in the variation of average diameter of nanoparticles.展开更多
Objective Current commercially available immunological tests cannot be used for discriminating active tuberculosis(TB)from latent TB infection.To evaluate the value of biomarker candidates in the diagnosis of active T...Objective Current commercially available immunological tests cannot be used for discriminating active tuberculosis(TB)from latent TB infection.To evaluate the value of biomarker candidates in the diagnosis of active TB,this study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)between patients with active TB and individuals with latent TB infection by transcriptome sequencing.Methods The differentially expressed genes in unstimulated PBMCs and in Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)antigen-stimulated PBMCs from patients with active TB and individuals with latent TB infection were identified by transcriptome sequencing.Selected candidate genes were evaluated in cohorts consisting of 110 patients with TB,30 individuals with latent TB infections,and 50 healthy controls by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to calculate the diagnostic value of the biomarker candidates.Results Among the differentially expressed genes in PBMCs without Mtb antigen stimulation,interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3(IFIT3)had the highest area under curve(AUC)value(0.918,95%CI:0.852-0.984,P<0.0001)in discriminating patients with active TB from individuals with latent TB infection,with a sensitivity of 91.86%and a specificity of 84.00%.In Mtb antigen-stimulated PBMCs,orosomucoid 1(ORM1)had a high AUC value(0.833,95%CI:0.752-0.915,P<0.0001),with a sensitivity of 81.94%and a specificity of 70.00%.Conclusion IFIT3 and ORM1 might be potential biomarkers for discriminating active TB from latent TB infection.展开更多
Objective Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb),the causative agent of tuberculosis(TB),causes an estimated 1.6 million human deaths annually,but the pathogenesis of TB remains unclear.Immunity plays a critical role in the ...Objective Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb),the causative agent of tuberculosis(TB),causes an estimated 1.6 million human deaths annually,but the pathogenesis of TB remains unclear.Immunity plays a critical role in the onset and outcome of TB.This study aimed to uncover the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in TB.Methods The gene expression profiles generated by RNA sequencing from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)stimulated with or without Mtb strain H37Rv antigens were analyzed.A total of 973 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified.Results The differentially expressed genes were enriched in innate immunity signaling functions.The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene was significantly upregulated in CD14^(+)monocytes.A MET inhibitor improved the uptake of the BCG strain by monocytes and macrophages as well as inhibited the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO).The expression of IDO was increased in PBMCs stimulated with Mtb antigens,and the IDO inhibitor promoted the expression of CD40,CD83,and CD86.Conclusion Our results might provide clues regarding the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by Mtb to evade the host defense system.展开更多
Erratum to Nano Research 2023,16(7):10493–10499 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5727-6 The article“Advancing pressure sensors performance through a flexible MXene embedded interlocking structure in a microlens ar...Erratum to Nano Research 2023,16(7):10493–10499 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5727-6 The article“Advancing pressure sensors performance through a flexible MXene embedded interlocking structure in a microlens array”,written by Tong Li,Zhenzong Xu,Ben Bin Xu,Zhanhu Guo,Yunhong Jiang,Xuehua Zhang,Maryam Bayati,Terence Xiaoteng Liu,and Yan-Hua Liu,was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on May 20,2023 without open access due to an unfortunate oversight during the conversion process.The publisher apologizes this mistake.The article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.展开更多
Piezoresistive composite elastomers have shown great potentials for wearable and flexible electronic applications due to their high sensitivity,excellent frequency response,and easy signal detection.A composition memb...Piezoresistive composite elastomers have shown great potentials for wearable and flexible electronic applications due to their high sensitivity,excellent frequency response,and easy signal detection.A composition membrane sensor with an interlocked structure has been developed and demonstrated outstanding pressure sensitivity,fast response time,and low temperature drift features.Compared with a flexible MXene-based flat sensor(Ti_(3)C_(2)),the interlocked sensor exhibits a significantly improved pressure sensitivity of two magnitudes higher(21.04 kPa^(-1)),a fast reaction speed of 31 ms,and an excellent cycle life of 5000 test runs.The viability of sensor in responding to various external stimuli with high deformation capacity has been confirmed by calculating the force distribution of a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film model with a microlens structure using the solid mechanics module in COMSOL.Unlike conventional process,we utilized three-dimensional(3D)laser-direct writing lithography equipment to directly transform high-precision 3D data into a micro-nano structure morphology through variable exposure doses,which reduces the hot melting step.Moreover,the flexible pressure device is capable of detecting and distinguishing signals ranging from finger movements to human pulses,even for speech recognition.This simple,convenient,and large-format lithographic method offers new opportunities for developing novel human-computer interaction devices.展开更多
During the last two decades,impressive advancements have been achieved in transition metal-catalyzed chelation-assisted C—H functionalization reaction.While reactions in this field are still dominated by precious 4d ...During the last two decades,impressive advancements have been achieved in transition metal-catalyzed chelation-assisted C—H functionalization reaction.While reactions in this field are still dominated by precious 4d or 5d metals(e.g.,Pd,Rh,Ir),the 3d base metals(e.g.,Ni,Co,Cu,Fe)have made significant headway partially due to their relatively large abundance,low cost,low toxicity as well as their occasionally occurred novel reactivity when compared to their noble cousins.This review will give a comprehensive summary on Ni-catalyzed functionalization of inert C—H bonds assisted by chelation groups.For clarity,the content is classified by the newly formed chemical bonds,namely C—C,C—N,C—chalcogen and C—halogen bond formation.展开更多
of main observation and concusion Copper-catalyzed intramolecular N-H/C-H annulation with alkynes has been developed.A vaniety ofdensely functionalized heterocycles,such as pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles,indolo[1,2-c]quinazoli...of main observation and concusion Copper-catalyzed intramolecular N-H/C-H annulation with alkynes has been developed.A vaniety ofdensely functionalized heterocycles,such as pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles,indolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-2-ones,oxazolo[3,4-o]indoles,and imidazo[1.5-o]indoles,eresynthesized in an atom-and step-economical manner,owing to the high modularized feature of aniline moiety te linker moiety,as well as the alkynemoiety.By simply changing the oxidant from di-tert-butyl peroxide(DTBP)to 2,2,6.6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPo)the reacton could readily betransformed to the aminooxygenation pathway,which grabs one oxygen atom from the TEMPO to generate 5-aroy'-pyrrol-2-ones.Mechanistic experi-ments indicate that viny radical is involved in this reaction and an amidyl-radical-initiated radical cascade might be responsible for this transformation.展开更多
文摘A new process of extracting vanadium from the stone coal vanadium ore in Fangshankou, Dtmhuang area of Gansu Province, China was introduced. Various leaching experiments were carried out, and the results show that the vanadium ore in Fangshankou is difficult to process due to its high consumption of acid and the high leaching rate of impurities. However, the leaching rate can be up to 80% and the content of V2O5 in the residue can be between 0.22%-0.25% in the process of ore fme grinding→oxidation roasting→mixing and ripening→aqueous leaching→P2O4 solvent extraction→sulfuric acid stripping→oxidation and precipitation→decomposition by heat. Also, the quality of flaky V205 produced by this process can meet the requirements of GB3283--87. The total leaching rate of vanadium is 70%. Also, three types of wastes are easy to treat. The vanadium extraction process is better in relation to the aspect of environmental protection than the sodium method.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (10632070)
文摘Numerical simulation of nanoparticle nucleation and coagulation in a mixing layer with sulfuric acid vapor binary system is performed using the large eddy simulation and the direct quadrature method of moment. The distributions of number concentration, volume concentration, and average diameter of nanoparticles are obtained. The results show that the coherent structures have an important effect on the distributions of number concentration, volume concentration and average diameter of nanoparticles via continuously transporting and diffusing the nanoparticles to the area of low particle concentration. In the streamwise direction, the number concentration of nanoparticles decreases, while the volume concentration and the average diameter increase. The distributions of number concentration, volume concentration and average diameter of nanoparticles are spatially inhomogeneous. The characteristic time of nucleation is shorter than that of coagulation. The nucleation takes place more easily in the area of low temperature because where the number concentration of nanoparticles is high, while the intensity of coagulation is mainly affected by the number concentration. Both nucleation and coagulation result in the variation of average diameter of nanoparticles.
基金supported by grants from the Thirteen-Fifth Mega-Scientific Project on“Prevention and Treatment of AIDS,Viral Hepatitis and Other Infectious Diseases”(No.2017ZX10201301-007-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072233).
文摘Objective Current commercially available immunological tests cannot be used for discriminating active tuberculosis(TB)from latent TB infection.To evaluate the value of biomarker candidates in the diagnosis of active TB,this study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)between patients with active TB and individuals with latent TB infection by transcriptome sequencing.Methods The differentially expressed genes in unstimulated PBMCs and in Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)antigen-stimulated PBMCs from patients with active TB and individuals with latent TB infection were identified by transcriptome sequencing.Selected candidate genes were evaluated in cohorts consisting of 110 patients with TB,30 individuals with latent TB infections,and 50 healthy controls by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to calculate the diagnostic value of the biomarker candidates.Results Among the differentially expressed genes in PBMCs without Mtb antigen stimulation,interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3(IFIT3)had the highest area under curve(AUC)value(0.918,95%CI:0.852-0.984,P<0.0001)in discriminating patients with active TB from individuals with latent TB infection,with a sensitivity of 91.86%and a specificity of 84.00%.In Mtb antigen-stimulated PBMCs,orosomucoid 1(ORM1)had a high AUC value(0.833,95%CI:0.752-0.915,P<0.0001),with a sensitivity of 81.94%and a specificity of 70.00%.Conclusion IFIT3 and ORM1 might be potential biomarkers for discriminating active TB from latent TB infection.
基金This study was supported by the Thirteen-Fifth Mega-Scientific Project on“Prevention and Treatment of AIDS,Viral Hepatitis and Other Infectious Diseases”(No.2017ZX10201301-007-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571961 and No.82072233)the 309th Hospital(No.2017ZD-007).
文摘Objective Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb),the causative agent of tuberculosis(TB),causes an estimated 1.6 million human deaths annually,but the pathogenesis of TB remains unclear.Immunity plays a critical role in the onset and outcome of TB.This study aimed to uncover the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in TB.Methods The gene expression profiles generated by RNA sequencing from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)stimulated with or without Mtb strain H37Rv antigens were analyzed.A total of 973 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified.Results The differentially expressed genes were enriched in innate immunity signaling functions.The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene was significantly upregulated in CD14^(+)monocytes.A MET inhibitor improved the uptake of the BCG strain by monocytes and macrophages as well as inhibited the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO).The expression of IDO was increased in PBMCs stimulated with Mtb antigens,and the IDO inhibitor promoted the expression of CD40,CD83,and CD86.Conclusion Our results might provide clues regarding the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by Mtb to evade the host defense system.
文摘Erratum to Nano Research 2023,16(7):10493–10499 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5727-6 The article“Advancing pressure sensors performance through a flexible MXene embedded interlocking structure in a microlens array”,written by Tong Li,Zhenzong Xu,Ben Bin Xu,Zhanhu Guo,Yunhong Jiang,Xuehua Zhang,Maryam Bayati,Terence Xiaoteng Liu,and Yan-Hua Liu,was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on May 20,2023 without open access due to an unfortunate oversight during the conversion process.The publisher apologizes this mistake.The article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61974100)the National Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.20KJA480002)+2 种基金This project was also funded by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,and by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)X.H.Z.acknowledges the support from the NSERC-Alberta Innovated Advanced Program.B.B.X.and Y.H.J.are grateful for the support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,UK)(Nos.EP/N007921 and EP/X02041X)Y.H.J.also acknowledges the support from the Leverhulme Trust(No.RPG-2022-177).
文摘Piezoresistive composite elastomers have shown great potentials for wearable and flexible electronic applications due to their high sensitivity,excellent frequency response,and easy signal detection.A composition membrane sensor with an interlocked structure has been developed and demonstrated outstanding pressure sensitivity,fast response time,and low temperature drift features.Compared with a flexible MXene-based flat sensor(Ti_(3)C_(2)),the interlocked sensor exhibits a significantly improved pressure sensitivity of two magnitudes higher(21.04 kPa^(-1)),a fast reaction speed of 31 ms,and an excellent cycle life of 5000 test runs.The viability of sensor in responding to various external stimuli with high deformation capacity has been confirmed by calculating the force distribution of a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film model with a microlens structure using the solid mechanics module in COMSOL.Unlike conventional process,we utilized three-dimensional(3D)laser-direct writing lithography equipment to directly transform high-precision 3D data into a micro-nano structure morphology through variable exposure doses,which reduces the hot melting step.Moreover,the flexible pressure device is capable of detecting and distinguishing signals ranging from finger movements to human pulses,even for speech recognition.This simple,convenient,and large-format lithographic method offers new opportunities for developing novel human-computer interaction devices.
基金Financial support from the NSFC(Nos.21772170,21572201)Zhejiang Provincial NSFC(No.LR17B020001)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘During the last two decades,impressive advancements have been achieved in transition metal-catalyzed chelation-assisted C—H functionalization reaction.While reactions in this field are still dominated by precious 4d or 5d metals(e.g.,Pd,Rh,Ir),the 3d base metals(e.g.,Ni,Co,Cu,Fe)have made significant headway partially due to their relatively large abundance,low cost,low toxicity as well as their occasionally occurred novel reactivity when compared to their noble cousins.This review will give a comprehensive summary on Ni-catalyzed functionalization of inert C—H bonds assisted by chelation groups.For clarity,the content is classified by the newly formed chemical bonds,namely C—C,C—N,C—chalcogen and C—halogen bond formation.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No.SQ2015IM3600010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2016XZZX001-09),China
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial S&T Project on Breeding Agricultural(Food)Crops(No.2016C02050-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701394)。
基金Financial support from the NSFC(Nos.21925109,21772170)the Out-standing Young Talents of Zhejiang Province High-levelPersonnel of Special Support(No.ZJWR0108)the Fundamental Research Funds for the central UnIversitles(No.2018XZZX001-02)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘of main observation and concusion Copper-catalyzed intramolecular N-H/C-H annulation with alkynes has been developed.A vaniety ofdensely functionalized heterocycles,such as pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles,indolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-2-ones,oxazolo[3,4-o]indoles,and imidazo[1.5-o]indoles,eresynthesized in an atom-and step-economical manner,owing to the high modularized feature of aniline moiety te linker moiety,as well as the alkynemoiety.By simply changing the oxidant from di-tert-butyl peroxide(DTBP)to 2,2,6.6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPo)the reacton could readily betransformed to the aminooxygenation pathway,which grabs one oxygen atom from the TEMPO to generate 5-aroy'-pyrrol-2-ones.Mechanistic experi-ments indicate that viny radical is involved in this reaction and an amidyl-radical-initiated radical cascade might be responsible for this transformation.
