TUG-891 inhibits neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis activation and protects neurons in a mouse model of intraventricular hemorrhage

Pyroptosis plays an important role in hemorrhagic stroke.Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress can cause endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and cellular pyroptosis by regulating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.However,the relationship between pyroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress after intraventricular hemorrhage is unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of intraventricular hemorrhage and found pyroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in brain tissue.Intraperitoneal injection of the selective GPR120 agonist TUG-891 inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress,pyroptosis,and inflammation and protected neurons.The neuroprotective effect of TUG-891 appears related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis activation.

Mixed-mode fracture behavior in deep shale reservoirs under different loading rates and temperatures

In the last years,shale gas has gradually substituted oil and coal as the main sources of energy in the world.Compared with shallow shale gas reservoirs,deep shale is characterized by low permeability,low porosity,strong heterogeneity,and strong anisotropy.In the process of multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells,the whole deformation process and destruction modes are significantly influenced by loading rates.In this investigation,the servo press was used to carry out semi-circular bend(SCB)mixedmode fracture experiments in deep shales(130,160,190℃)with prefabricated fractures under different loading rates(0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2 mm/min).The fracture propagation process was monitored using acoustic emission.The deformation characteristics,displacementeload curve,and acoustic emission parameters of shale under different loading rates were studied during the mixed-mode fracture propagation.Our results showed that during the deformation and fracture of the specimen,the acoustic emission energy and charge significantly increased near the stress peak,showing at this point the most intense acoustic emission activity.With the increase in loading rate,the fracture peak load of the deep shale specimen also increased.However,the maximum displacement decreased to different extents.With the increase in temperature,the effective fracture toughness of the deep shale gradually decreased.Also,the maximum displacement decreased.Under different loading rates,the deformation of the prefabricated cracks showed a nonlinear slow growthelinear growth trend.The slope of the linear growth stage increased with the increase in loading rate.In addition,as the loading rate increased,an increase in tension failure and a decrease in shear failure were observed.Moreover,the control chart showing the relationship between tension and the shear failure under different temperatures and loading rates was determined.

Fiber Methane Gas Sensor and Its Application in Methane Outburst Prediction in Coal Mine

Fiber optic methane gas detecting system based on distributed feedback （DFB） laser wavelength scanning technique is demonstrated. Wavelength scan of methane absorption peak at 1665.9 nm is realized by saw tooth modulation of current which is injected to DFB laser. A reference methane gas cell is used to find the methane absorption peak around 1666 nm, and normalization is used to reduce the outside affection such as power drift, fiber loss. Concentration is got by arithmetic processing absorption coefficient of the methane gas. In-situ test is carried out in coal mine and long time precision of 0.05% is achieved. Some spot data of coal mine is introduced. By the system, methane outburst can be measured.

Overexpression of CD155 is associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on immune cells,rather than tumor cells in the breast cancer microenvironment

BACKGROUND CD155 is an immune checkpoint protein in cancers and interacts with ligands to regulate the immune microenvironment.The expression of CD155 is correlated with the prognosis and pathological features of breast cancer.AIM To investigate the expression status of CD155 and the association with exhausted CD4+helper and CD8+cytotoxic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)and PD-L1 in the breast cancer microenvironment.METHODS One hundred and twenty-six breast cancer patients with invasive ductal breast cancer were consecutively recruited into this study.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression CD155,PD-L1 and PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and tumor cells in the microenvironment.RESULTS The proportion of patients with CD155 expression was higher in triple negative breast cancer(72.7%)than in Luminal A patients(22.2%,P<0.05).Patients with positive CD155 expression had a higher percentage of CD4+/PD-1+helper TILs(30%)than patients with negative CD155 expression(21%,P<0.05).Patients with positive CD155 expression also had higher cell counts of exhausted CD4+TILs[47 vs 20/high-power fields(HPF)]and unexhausted CD8+TILs(30 vs 17/HPF)than patients with negative expression(P<0.05).CD155 expression was correlated with increased PD-L1 expression in immune cells,0.8%and 0.02%immune cells expressed PD-L1 in patients with positive and negative CD155 expression,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CD155 was related to an inhibitory immune breast cancer microenvironment.CD155 was associated with a high proportion of exhausted CD4+and unexhausted CD8+TILs and high PD-L1 expression in immune cells.

Author Correction: Skull optical clearing window for in vivo imaging of the mouse cortex at synaptic resolution

Correction to:Light:Science&Applications(2018)7,17153;https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.153;Article published online,23 February 2018.In the version of this article originally published,in the“Materials and methods”section under subheading“Reagents”,there are errors about the information of reagents.And the original and corrected versions are shown below.

生于Equisetum上的日本新记录种Stamnaria americana(英文)

对日本新记录种Stamnaria americana进行了描述和图示。尽管低温适宜该种子囊孢子的萌发,它在20℃生长最好。DNA序列分析的结果表明,其分类地位应该从柔膜菌科转入锤舌菌科。

Skull optical clearing window for in vivo imaging of the mouse cortex at synaptic resolution

Imaging cells and microvasculature in the living brain is crucial to understanding an array of neurobiological phenomena.Here,we introduce a skull optical clearing window for imaging cortical structures at synaptic resolution.Combined with two-photon microscopy,this technique allowed us to repeatedly image neurons,microglia and microvasculature of mice.We applied it to study the plasticity of dendritic spines in critical periods and to visualize dendrites and microglia after laser ablation.Given its easy handling and safety,this method holds great promise for application in neuroscience research.