Parameters of ocular fundus on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis

In this review, we summarize the progression of several parameters assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography （SD-OCT） in recent years for the detection of glaucoma. Monitoring the progression of defects in the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） thickness is essential. Imaging and analysis of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） and inner plexiform layer （IPL）, respectively, have been of great importance. Optic nerve head （ONH） topography obtained from 3D SD-OCT images is another crucial step. Other important assessments involve locating the Bruch＇s membrane opening （BMO）, estimating the optic disc size and rim area, and measuring the lamina cribrosa displacement. Still other parameters found in the past three years for glaucoma diagnosis comprise central retinal artery resistive index, optic disc perfusion in optical coherence tomography angiography （OCTA） study, peripapillary choroidal thickness, and choroidal area in SD-OCT. Recently, several more ocular fundus parameters have been found, and compared with the earlier parameters to judge the accuracy of diagnosis. While a few of these parameters have been widely used in clinical practice, a fair number are still in the experimental stage.

Detection of EEG signals in normal and epileptic seizures with multiscale multifractal analysis approach via weighted horizontal visibility graph

Electroencephalogram(EEG) signals contain important information about the regulation of brain system. Thus, automatic detection of epilepsy by analyzing the characteristics obtained from EEG signals has important research implications in the field of clinical medicine. In this paper, the horizontal visibility graph(HVG) algorithm is used to map multifractal EEG signals into complex networks. Then, we study the structure of the networks and explore the nonlinear dynamics properties of the EEG signals inherited from these networks. In order to better describe complex brain behaviors, we use the angle between two connected nodes as the edge weight of the network and construct the weighted horizontal visibility graph(WHVG). In our studies, fractality and multifractality of WHVG are innovatively used to analyze the structure of related networks. However, these methods only analyze the reconstructed dynamical system in general characterizations,they are not sufficient to describe the complex behavior and cannot provide a comprehensive picture of the system. To this effect, we propose an improved multiscale multifractal analysis(MMA) for network, which extends the description of the network dynamics features by focusing on the relationship between the multifractality and the measured scale-free intervals.Furthermore, neural networks are applied to train the above-mentioned parameters for the classification and identification of three kinds of EEG signals, i.e., health, interictal phase, and ictal phase. By evaluating our experimental results, the classification accuracy is 99.0%, reflecting the effectiveness of the WHVG algorithm in extracting the potential dynamic characteristics of EEG signals.

Jiao-tai-wan Up-regulates Hypothalamic and Peripheral Circadian Clock Gene Cryptochrome and Activates PI3K/AKT Signaling in Partially Sleep-deprived Rats

This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Jiao-tai-wan （JTW） on systemic and tissue-specific inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity-resistant （OR） rats with chronic partial sleep deprivation （PSD）. OR rats with PSD were orally given JTW and Estazolam for 4 weeks. The amount of food intake and metabolic parameters such as body weight increase rate, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, fasting insulin （FINS）, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） and plasma inflammatory markers were measured. The expression levels of circadian proteins cryptochrome 1 （Cryl） and cryptochrome 2 （Cry2） in hypothalamus, adipose and liver tissues were also determined. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers, activity of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） p65 protein, as well as the expression levels of insulin signaling pathway proteins in hypothalamus, adipose and liver tissues were measured. Additionally, cyclic adenosine 3＇, 5＇-monophosphate （cAMP） and activity of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein （VASP） in hypothalamus tissue were measured. JTW significantly decreased the body weight increase rate and food intake, ameliorated systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. JTW effectively ameliorated inflammation and increased PI3K/AKT signaling activation in hypothalamus, adipose and liver. Interestingly, all these changes were associated with the up-regulation of circadian gene Cryl and Cry2 protein expression. We also found that in hypothalamus tissue of PSD rats, down-regulation of Cryl and Cry2 activated cAMP/PKA signaling and then led to inflammation, while JTW inhibited this signaling. These results suggested that JTW has the beneficial effect on ameliorating inflammation and insulin resistance in partially sleep-deprived rats by up-regulating Cry expression.

FS-LASIK矫正不同程度近视术后角膜高阶像差的早期变化

目的:探究轻中度和高度近视患者飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)术后角膜前后表面和整体角膜高阶像差的变化。方法:对2018-12/2019-12在我院行FS-LASIK手术的近视患者129例129眼进行回顾性病例研究,按术前等效球镜度(SE)分为轻中度近视组(SE<-6.00D,76眼)和高度近视组(SE≥-6.00D,53眼)。分别于术前和术后6mo用Pentacam眼前节分析系统测量角膜前后表面和整体角膜的高阶像差。结果:术后6mo,两组角膜前表面和整体角膜的总高阶像差、球差和水平彗差较术前增加,且高度近视组高于轻中度近视组(均P<0.01);两组角膜后表面的水平彗差较术前有差异(均P<0.01),且高度近视组高于轻中度近视组(P<0.01)。两组患者角膜前表面和整体角膜的术源性总高阶像差、球差和水平彗差与术前SE有明显相关性(均P<0.01)。结论:FS-LASIK术后6mo角膜前表面及整体角膜的总高阶像差、球差和水平彗差均较术前增加,且与术前SE明显相关;角膜后表面高阶像差除水平彗差外无明显变化,其远期变化有待进一步研究。

青紫合剂联合常规西医治疗过敏性紫癜的疗效分析

目的观察青紫合剂联合常规西医治疗过敏性紫癜(HSP)的疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2019年2月榆林市中医医院收治的140例HSP患儿。采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组70例。对照组予以常规西医治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用青紫合剂,两组均连续治疗14 d。观察两组临床疗效、各临床症状消失时间,以及治疗前后测定HSP患儿血常规、凝血功能、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)及免疫功能等,记录不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组患儿治疗后总有效率高于对照组(88.57%VS77.14%)(P<0.05);而皮疹消退时间、腹痛消失时间、消化道症状缓解时间及关节症状缓解时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组患儿治疗后ESR、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、白细胞计数、血小板、D-二聚体及CRP均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论青紫合剂联合西医治疗HSP患儿疗效确切,能够有效改善患儿临床症状及实验室指标。